2001
Use of Audio Computer-assisted Self-Interviews to Assess Tuberculosis-related Risk Behaviors
RILEY E, CHAISSON R, ROBNETT T, VERTEFEUILLE J, STRATHDEE S, VLAHOV D. Use of Audio Computer-assisted Self-Interviews to Assess Tuberculosis-related Risk Behaviors. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2001, 164: 82-85. PMID: 11435243, DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.1.2101091.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInterviewer-assisted questionnaireComputer-assisted questionnaireHIV infectionRisk factorsOdds ratioHuman immunodeficiency virus risk factorsSelf-reported tuberculosisMultiple logistic regressionRisk behavior dataFinal multivariate modelSmoking equipmentNeedle exchange programsNeedle exchange program participantsHigh-risk behaviorsUnderwent interviewsHIV serostatusAlcohol intakeCigarette smokingDrug useHealth statusRisk behaviorsTuberculosisSmoking marijuanaLogistic regressionMultivariate model
1999
The effect of immunodeficiency on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in HIV-infected women without anergy: implications for tuberculin testing. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research.
Klein R, Flanigan T, Schuman P, Smith D, Vlahov D. The effect of immunodeficiency on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in HIV-infected women without anergy: implications for tuberculin testing. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 1999, 3: 681-8. PMID: 10460100.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell countSeronegative womenHigh-risk seronegative womenHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDelayed-type hypersensitivity testingDegree of immunodeficiencyHIV antibody testingImmunodeficiency virus infectionType hypersensitivity responseEffects of immunodeficiencyUrban medical centerDTH antigensDTH testingHIV seropositivesHIV-seronegativesPPD sizeSeropositive womenLymphocyte countHIV infectionAntibody testingHypersensitivity responseTuberculin antigenCutaneous responseHypersensitivity testingTetanus toxoidComparison between a Whole Blood Interferon-γ Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Testing for the Detection of Tuberculosis Infection among Patients at Risk for Tuberculosis Exposure
Kimura M, Converse P, Astemborski J, Rothel J, Vlahov D, Comstock G, Graham N, Chaisson R, Bishai W. Comparison between a Whole Blood Interferon-γ Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Testing for the Detection of Tuberculosis Infection among Patients at Risk for Tuberculosis Exposure. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1999, 179: 1297-1300. PMID: 10191241, DOI: 10.1086/314707.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTuberculin skin testIFN-gamma releaseTuberculosis infectionWhole-Blood Interferon-γ Release AssayStandard tuberculin skin testInterferon-γ release assaysPercent agreementCulture-confirmed tuberculosisHIV-seropositive subjectsTuberculin skin testingHuman immunodeficiency virusInterferon-gamma releaseIntravenous drug usersSingle blood drawSeronegative patientsTuberculosis exposureSkin testingUninfected personsImmunodeficiency virusSkin testBlood drawUrban BaltimoreDrug usersRelease assaysFurther evaluation
1998
Molecular and Geographic Patterns of Tuberculosis Transmission After 15 Years of Directly Observed Therapy
Bishai W, Graham N, Harrington S, Pope D, Hooper N, Astemborski J, Sheely L, Vlahov D, Glass G, Chaisson R. Molecular and Geographic Patterns of Tuberculosis Transmission After 15 Years of Directly Observed Therapy. JAMA 1998, 280: 1679-1684. PMID: 9831999, DOI: 10.1001/jama.280.19.1679.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEpidemiologic linkObserved therapyTuberculosis casesTuberculosis transmissionRecent transmissionTraditional contact investigationsCulture-positive tuberculosisTuberculosis control measuresCases of tuberculosisCommon risk factorsProportion of casesHigher drug useLow socioeconomic statusProportion of diseaseContact investigationEpidemiologic evidenceM tuberculosisRisk factorsEpidemiologic comparisonsEpidemiologic linkageTuberculosis accountsInformation system dataTraditional contact tracingDrug useEarly identificationMycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease are not associated with protection against subsequent disseminated M. avium complex disease
Sterling T, Moore R, Graham N, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Chaisson R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease are not associated with protection against subsequent disseminated M. avium complex disease. AIDS 1998, 12: 1451-1457. PMID: 9727565, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199812000-00006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntibiotic ProphylaxisAntitubercular AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium avium ComplexMycobacterium avium-intracellulare InfectionMycobacterium tuberculosisProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousTuberculosisConceptsM. tuberculosis infectionM. avium complex diseaseMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionDisseminated MACTuberculosis infectionExtrapulmonary tuberculosisDrug useLow CD4 cell levelsProspective observational cohort studyAdult HIV clinicIntravenous Experience cohortPrior opportunistic infectionsCD4 cell levelsObservational cohort studyLogistic regression analysisALIVE cohortAntibiotic prophylaxisMAC prophylaxisAntiretroviral therapyCD4 lymphocytesHIV clinicMAC diseaseActive tuberculosisCohort studyOpportunistic infectionsTuberculosis Risk in Funeral Home Employees
Gershon R, Vlahov D, Escamilla-Cejudo J, Badawi M, McDiarmid M, Karkashian C, Grimes M, Comstock G. Tuberculosis Risk in Funeral Home Employees. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine 1998, 40: 497-503. PMID: 9604188, DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199805000-00014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTuberculin skin testTuberculin skin testingSkin testingSkin testAnnual tuberculin skin testingReactive tuberculin skin testHome employeesPast historyRisk assessment questionnaireTuberculin reactivityTuberculosis infectionTuberculosis riskTuberculosis casesTuberculosis preventionInfected individualsStudy participantsClose contactConvenience sampleRespiratory protectionJob categoriesAgeRiskRisk assessment studiesNumber of yearsHistory
1997
Comparison of a Tuberculin Interferon-γ Assay with the Tuberculin Skin Test in High-Risk Adults: Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Converse P, Jones S, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Graham N. Comparison of a Tuberculin Interferon-γ Assay with the Tuberculin Skin Test in High-Risk Adults: Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1997, 176: 144-150. PMID: 9207360, DOI: 10.1086/514016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTuberculin skin testHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionSkin testVirus infectionIFN-gammaNegative tuberculin skin testPositive tuberculin skin testInterferon-γ AssayTST induration diameterWhole bloodHigh-risk adultsIntravenous drug usersMycobacterium tuberculosis exposureWhole blood IFN-gammaIFN-gamma responsesCutaneous anergyMitogen controlSeronegative subjectsTuberculosis exposureHIV infectionTuberculin reactivityWhole heparinized bloodInduration diameterDrug users
1996
The Effect of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and HIV RNA Load among Injecting Drug Users
Manoff S, Farzadegan H, Muñoz A, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Rizzo R, Solomon L, Graham N. The Effect of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and HIV RNA Load among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 174: 299-308. PMID: 8699059, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.2.299.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progressionLatent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionTuberculosis infectionSkin testingDisease progressionDrug usersLatent M. tuberculosis infectionTuberculin positive casesTuberculin-negative controlsTuberculin-negative personsCD4 cell countCohort of HIVHIV RNA loadCD4 cell declineM. tuberculosis infectionTuberculin skin testingInjecting Drug UsersBaseline immune functionHIV concentrationHIV RNAActive tuberculosisHIV burdenHIV progressionRNA loadEffect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on HIV replication. Role of immune activation.
Goletti D, Weissman D, Jackson R, Graham N, Vlahov D, Klein R, Munsiff S, Ortona L, Cauda R, Fauci A. Effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on HIV replication. Role of immune activation. The Journal Of Immunology 1996, 157: 1271-8. PMID: 8757635, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.3.1271.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV replicationMTB diseaseMycobacterium tuberculosisLymph node mononuclear cellsViral replicationCellular activationProtein derivative positivityPlasma viral loadAg-specific activationT cell-depleted lymphocytesPPD-negative donorsHIV diseaseHIV infectionAcute phaseViral loadImmune activationMononuclear cellsPPD positivityHealthy donorsHIV epidemicT cellsPrimary PBMCsHIV infection modelEpidemiology dataHIVEffect of Isoniazid Chemoprophylaxis on HIV-Related Mycobacterial Disease
Graham N, Galai N, Nelson K, Astemborski J, Bonds M, Rizzo R, Sheeley L, Vlahov D. Effect of Isoniazid Chemoprophylaxis on HIV-Related Mycobacterial Disease. JAMA Internal Medicine 1996, 156: 889-894. PMID: 8774208, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440080089010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsM avium complexMycobacterial diseaseTuberculosis incidenceAvium complexCutaneous anergyIsoniazid chemoprophylaxisIsoniazid prophylaxisPreventive therapyRisk factorsIncidence rateCD4 lymphocyte cell countProspective observational cohort studyPPD-positive patientsTwice-weekly isoniazidWeeks of therapyObservational cohort studyLymphocyte cell countsMonths of diagnosisOverall incidence rateAnnual incidence ratePopulation-based dataStrong risk factorTuberculin-positive subjectsMycobacterium avium complexTuberculin-positive individuals
1992
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Galai N, Graham N, Chaisson R, Nelson K, Vlahov D, Lewis J. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. New England Journal Of Medicine 1992, 327: 1172-3; author reply 1174. PMID: 1528219.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrevalence of Tuberculin Positivity and Skin Test Anergy in HIV-1—Seropositive and —Seronegative Intravenous Drug Users
Graham N, Nelson K, Solomon L, Bonds M, Rizzo R, Scavotto J, Astemborski J, Vlahov D. Prevalence of Tuberculin Positivity and Skin Test Anergy in HIV-1—Seropositive and —Seronegative Intravenous Drug Users. JAMA 1992, 267: 369-373. PMID: 1727959, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1992.03480030047035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHIV-1 seropositivesSkin test anergyHIV-1 seropositive groupSeronegative intravenous drug usersTuberculin positivityLymphocyte countPPD positivityHIV-1-seropositive intravenous drug usersPPD tuberculinDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus serostatusSeropositive intravenous drug usersHIV-1 seropositive patientsTuberculin skin test resultsHIV-1 seronegativeHIV-1 seronegativesPPD test resultsHIV-1 seropositivityDelayed-type hypersensitivityCommunity-based cohortSkin test resultsYears of agePositive test resultsInverse linear trend