2003
The Role of Medicaid HMO Enrollment in the Longitudinal Utilization of Medical Care Services in a Cohort of Injecting Drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Juday T, Wu A, Celentano D, Rick K, Wang M, Vlahov D. The Role of Medicaid HMO Enrollment in the Longitudinal Utilization of Medical Care Services in a Cohort of Injecting Drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Substance Abuse 2003, 24: 27-41. PMID: 12652093, DOI: 10.1080/08897070309511531.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAmbulatory care visitsCare visitsInpatient admissionsHMO enrollmentDrug usersMedicaid HMO enrolleesMore inpatient admissionsInjecting Drug UsersMedical care utilizationNatural history studiesIntravenous Experience (ALIVE) studyMedical care servicesCommunity-based sampleLongitudinal utilizationER visitsHIV infectionCare utilizationMedicaid beneficiariesHMO enrolleesCare servicesIDUsInappropriate utilizationUtilization differencesMedicaidMedicaid HMOsVariability in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Young Injecting Drug Users in New York City
Des Jarlais D, Diaz T, Perlis T, Vlahov D, Maslow C, Latka M, Rockwell R, Edwards V, Friedman S, Monterroso E, Williams I, Garfein R. Variability in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Young Injecting Drug Users in New York City. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2003, 157: 467-471. PMID: 12615611, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwf222.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHuman immunodeficiency virusHepatitis C virusImmunodeficiency virusB virusDrug usersHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionInjecting Drug UsersHigh HIV seroprevalenceHigh rateHBV incidenceHCV incidenceHCV transmissionCohort studyHIV seroprevalenceHIV incidenceHIV transmissionYoung Injecting Drug UsersC virusVirus infectionNew York CityIncidenceVirusYork City
2002
Sex-Specific Differences in Circumstances of Initiation into Injecting-Drug Use Among Young Adult Latinos in Harlem, New York City
Diaz T, Vlahov D, Edwards V, Conover S, Monterroso E. Sex-Specific Differences in Circumstances of Initiation into Injecting-Drug Use Among Young Adult Latinos in Harlem, New York City. AIDS And Behavior 2002, 6: 117-122. DOI: 10.1023/a:1015441030030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInjecting Drug UsersInjecting-drug useCircumstances of initiationSexual partnersDrug useFirst injection episodeInjecting Drug UseRecent risk behaviorsCohort studyHIV infectionYoung adult LatinosMedian numberSex-specific differencesUnprotected sexPrevention programsAdult LatinosRisk behaviorsNew York CityHIVMore womenWomenBaseline dataStandardized faceMenInjection episodes
2000
Improved Antioxidant Status Among HIV-Infected Injecting Drug Users on Potent Antiretroviral Therapy
Tang A, Smit E, Semba R, Shah N, Lyles C, Li D, Vlahov D. Improved Antioxidant Status Among HIV-Infected Injecting Drug Users on Potent Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2000, 23: 321-326. DOI: 10.1097/00042560-200004010-00006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-positive IDUsHIV-negative IDUsAntiretroviral therapySerum antioxidant levelsLutein/zeaxanthinStudy subjectsART regimenAntioxidant levelsSerum levelsDrug usersProtease inhibitorsLow serum antioxidant levelsPotent antiretroviral therapyInjecting Drug UsersExcess oxidative stressOxidative stress levelsΒ-cryptoxanthinAlcohol intakeSerum antioxidantsDietary intakeAntioxidant statusSignificant overall differenceΑ-tocopherolSerum αDrug useImproved Antioxidant Status Among HIV-Infected Injecting Drug Users on Potent Antiretroviral Therapy
Tang A, Smit E, Semba R, Shah N, Lyles C, Li D, Vlahov D. Improved Antioxidant Status Among HIV-Infected Injecting Drug Users on Potent Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2000, 23: 321-326. DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200004010-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHIV-positive IDUsHIV-negative IDUsAntiretroviral therapySerum antioxidant levelsLutein/zeaxanthinStudy subjectsART regimenAntioxidant levelsSerum levelsDrug usersProtease inhibitorsLow serum antioxidant levelsPotent antiretroviral therapyInjecting Drug UsersExcess oxidative stressOxidative stress levelsΒ-cryptoxanthinAlcohol intakeSerum antioxidantsDietary intakeAntioxidant statusSignificant overall differenceΑ-tocopherolSerum αDrug use
1997
Persistence and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis G Virus Infections in Injecting Drug Users
Thomas D, Nakatsuji Y, Shih J, Alter H, Nelson K, Astemborski J, Lyles C, Vlahov D. Persistence and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis G Virus Infections in Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1997, 176: 586-592. PMID: 9291303, DOI: 10.1086/514078.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis G virus infectionG virus infectionHGV RNAHGV infectionVirus infectionDrug usersLiver-related enzymesRecent serum sampleInjecting Drug UsersHepatic inflammationAcute infectionSerum levelsLiver diseaseClinical significanceNegative participantsSerial samplesDrug useInfectionPrior visitSerum samplesIDUsPrior specimensRecent visitVisitsYears
1996
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Infective Endocarditis among Injecting Drug Users
Manoff S, Vlahov D, Herskowitz A, Solomon L, Munoz A, Cohn S, Willoughby S, Nelson K. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Infective Endocarditis among Injecting Drug Users. Epidemiology 1996, 7: 566-570. PMID: 8899380, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-199611000-00002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV-seropositive subjectsImmunodeficiency virus infectionInfective endocarditisDrug usersCD4 cellsOdds ratioVirus infectionHistory of endocarditisRisk of endocarditisHIV-seronegative subjectsInjection drug useInjecting Drug UsersCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionRace/ethnicitySubsequent endocarditisOngoing cohortHIV infectionSerious complicationsHIV serostatusEnrollment dateLast visitCohort enrollmentEndocarditis casesEffect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Injecting Drug Users
Thomas D, Shih J, Alter H, Vlahov D, Cohn S, Hoover D, Cheung L, Nelson K. Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 174: 690-695. PMID: 8843204, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.4.690.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerum HCV RNA concentrationHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHCV RNA concentrationHIV infectionVirus infectionAlanine aminotransferaseDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunosuppressionCD4 cells/HIV-negative patientsHIV-positive IDUsStage of HIVCD4 lymphocyte countHCV RNA levelsSerum ALT levelsHIV-negative participantsHuman immunodeficiency virusInjecting Drug UsersRNA concentrationSemiannual visitsALT levelsHCV infectionHIV RNAHIV seroconversionThe Effect of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and HIV RNA Load among Injecting Drug Users
Manoff S, Farzadegan H, Muñoz A, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Rizzo R, Solomon L, Graham N. The Effect of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and HIV RNA Load among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 174: 299-308. PMID: 8699059, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.2.299.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progressionLatent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionTuberculosis infectionSkin testingDisease progressionDrug usersLatent M. tuberculosis infectionTuberculin positive casesTuberculin-negative controlsTuberculin-negative personsCD4 cell countCohort of HIVHIV RNA loadCD4 cell declineM. tuberculosis infectionTuberculin skin testingInjecting Drug UsersBaseline immune functionHIV concentrationHIV RNAActive tuberculosisHIV burdenHIV progressionRNA loadDietary intake of community-based HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative injecting drug users
Smit E, Graham N, Tang A, Flynn C, Solomon L, Vlahov D. Dietary intake of community-based HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative injecting drug users. Nutrition 1996, 12: 496-501. PMID: 8878141, DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(96)91726-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFood frequency questionnaireHIV-1 seropositivesDietary intakeDrug usersTotal fat consumptionFood frequency methodInjecting Drug UsersFood group analysisTotal caloric intakeFrequency questionnaireMedian intakeCaloric intakeFat consumptionLow intakeTotal caloriesHigh intakeHIV-1Dietary habitsVitamin EVitamin ANutritional statusSeropositivesIntakeDaily allowanceSpearman correlationDifferences in the Incidence of Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users
Levine O, Vlahov D, Brookmeyer R, Cohn S, Nelson K. Differences in the Incidence of Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 173: 579-583. PMID: 8627020, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.3.579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHBV seroconversionOutcome measuresDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversionIncident hepatitis B virusHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV seroconversion ratesHIV-seronegative IDUsSubsequent HIV seroconversionImmunodeficiency virus infectionInjecting Drug UsersSurrogate outcome measureImportant outcome measureNeedle exchange programsMale IDUsHIV seroconversionIncident HIVSeroconversion ratesHepatitis BHIV infectionFemale IDUsB virusVirus infectionSeroconversion
1995
Acquisition and Use of Needles and Syringes by Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland
Gleghorn A, Jones T, Doherty M, Celentano D, Vlahov D. Acquisition and Use of Needles and Syringes by Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1995, 10: 97-103. PMID: 7648292, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199509000-00014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersNeedle exchange programsHIV transmissionDrug usersShooting galleriesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionActive injection drug usersMost injection drug usersImmunodeficiency virus infectionInjecting Drug UsersUse of needlesTwo-tenths percentPharmacist discretionDrug injectionFriends/relativesVirus infectionUsual sourcePharmacy purchasesStructured interview surveyFriends/neighborsInterview SurveyLongitudinal studyOne-thirdExchange programsDrugsSeroepidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in a Population of Injecting Drug Users
Levine O, Vlahov D, Koehler J, Cohn S, Spronk A, Nelson K. Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in a Population of Injecting Drug Users. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1995, 142: 331-341. PMID: 7631637, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117639.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersHBV seropositivityHBV seromarkersHepatitis B virus infectionDrug injecting equipmentHigh-risk sexual behaviorB virus infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusInjecting Drug UsersHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusAfrican American ethnicityHBV transmissionParenteral transmissionHBV infectionImmunodeficiency virusInjecting equipmentSexual transmissionC virusB virusInjecting careerVirus infectionDrug useShooting galleriesStreet outreachTemporal Trends of Incident Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Cohort of Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Md
Nelson K, Vlahov D, Solomon L, Cohn S, Muñoz A. Temporal Trends of Incident Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Cohort of Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Md. JAMA Internal Medicine 1995, 155: 1305-1311. PMID: 7778962, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430120091011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusDrug usersVirus infectionImmunodeficiency virusEffective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccineHuman immunodeficiency virus risk factorsIncident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccinesIllicit drug injectionInjecting Drug UsersHigh-risk populationImmunodeficiency virus vaccinesIncidence of infectionPrevention of infectionSterile injection equipmentEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assaySeronegative participantsStudy clinicAnnual incidenceImmunodeficiency syndromeOverall incidenceAge, Gender, and Other Predictors of the Wasting Syndrome among HIV-1-Infected Injecting Drug Users
Sorkin J, Boiton P, Greenblatt J, Sithisarankul P, Vlahov D, Graham N. Age, Gender, and Other Predictors of the Wasting Syndrome among HIV-1-Infected Injecting Drug Users. Epidemiology 1995, 6: 172-177. PMID: 7742405, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-199503000-00015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersDrug useFemale genderHuman immunodeficiency virus-1CD4 cell levelsCD4 T lymphocytesInjecting Drug UsersCase-control studyPresence of diarrheaImmunodeficiency virus-1Independent predictorsT lymphocytesSyndromeOlder ageWasting syndromeHIVWeight lossVirus 1AgeDiarrheaCrude predictorCohortPredictorsMore yearsLower percentageGeographic Variation in HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users within Barcelona
Roca J, Vlahov D, Borrell C, Jansa J, Brugal T, Yazbeck H, Muñoz A. Geographic Variation in HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users within Barcelona. Substance Use & Misuse 1995, 30: 219-229. PMID: 7759174, DOI: 10.3109/10826089509060744.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1994
Changes in HIV Risk Behaviors among Counseled Injecting Drug Users
Mandell W, Vlahov D, Latkin C, Carran D, Oziemkowska M, Reedt L. Changes in HIV Risk Behaviors among Counseled Injecting Drug Users. Journal Of Drug Issues 1994, 24: 555-567. DOI: 10.1177/002204269402400314.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHIV risk behaviorsRisk behaviorsShort-term educational interventionHIV-seronegative IDUsEducational interventionInjecting Drug UsersIntensive educational interventionSeronegative IDUsHIV infectionSignificant additional benefitSix monthsDrug usersDrug useEducational sessionsIntensive interventionReduction of activityOne hourInterventionIDUsCommunity sampleFifteen minutesInjection equipmentMonthsRisky behaviorsAdditional benefitMy place, your place, and no place: Behavior settings as a risk factor for HIV‐related injection practices of drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Latkin C, Mandell W, Vlahov D, Oziemkowska M, Knowlton A, Celentano D. My place, your place, and no place: Behavior settings as a risk factor for HIV‐related injection practices of drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. American Journal Of Community Psychology 1994, 22: 415-430. PMID: 7879749, DOI: 10.1007/bf02506873.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersInjecting Drug UsersHIV risk behaviorsDrug injection behaviorSpread of HIVHIV infectionRisk factorsContaminated needlesMother's residenceInjection practicesShooting galleriesRisk behaviorsInjection behaviorPrimary settingMost participantsHIVMultiple regression analysisRegression analysisSemipublic areasOwn residenceResidenceSettingNeedleOpen-ended interviewsBaltimoreDirect Comparison of the Relationship Between Clinical Outcome and Change in CD4+ Lymphocytes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Positive Homosexual Men and Injecting Drug Users
Margolick J, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Astemborski J, Solomon L, He X, Nelson K, Saah A. Direct Comparison of the Relationship Between Clinical Outcome and Change in CD4+ Lymphocytes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Positive Homosexual Men and Injecting Drug Users. JAMA Internal Medicine 1994, 154: 869-875. PMID: 7908795, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1994.00420080065006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus-positive homosexual menLymphocyte countHomosexual menImmunodeficiency syndromeDrug usersRate of declineStudy entryClinical outcomesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDevelopment of thrushMore frequent developmentImmunodeficiency virus infectionT cell subsetsInjecting Drug UsersProgression of diseaseRisk group membershipLower absolute numbersLymphocyte numbersClinical progressionClinical symptomsInitial levelDisease progressionVirus infectionStudy groupCD4Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Viral Interactions
Levine O, Vlahov D, Nelson K. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Viral Interactions. Epidemiologic Reviews 1994, 16: 418-436. PMID: 7713187, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036161.Peer-Reviewed Original Research