Featured Publications
Tissue Age Affects Antigenicity and Scoring for the 22C3 Immunohistochemistry Companion Diagnostic Test
Fernandez A, Gaule P, Rimm D. Tissue Age Affects Antigenicity and Scoring for the 22C3 Immunohistochemistry Companion Diagnostic Test. Modern Pathology 2023, 36: 100159. PMID: 36925070, PMCID: PMC10502188, DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100159.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 signalTumor proportion scoreTissue microarray cohortCell lung cancerPrevious clinical diagnosisWhole tissue sectionsCompanion diagnostic testsMultiple cancer typesMicroarray cohortTMA cohortLaboratory-developed testsPD-L1NSCLC casesLung cancerProportion scorePositive stainingAntibody 22C3Immunohistochemistry testsClinical diagnosisExtracellular domainCancer typesDiagnostic testsArchival tissueDomain antigenAntibodies
2023
Subsets of IFN Signaling Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Melanoma.
Horowitch B, Lee D, Ding M, Martinez-Morilla S, Aung T, Ouerghi F, Wang X, Wei W, Damsky W, Sznol M, Kluger H, Rimm D, Ishizuka J. Subsets of IFN Signaling Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Melanoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2023, 29: 2908-2918. PMID: 37233452, PMCID: PMC10524955, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0215.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsB7-H1 AntigenHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsIpilimumabMelanomaNivolumabTumor MicroenvironmentConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsHuman melanoma cell linesMelanoma cell linesPD-L1Validation cohortYale-New Haven HospitalCombination of ipilimumabPD-L1 markersImmune checkpoint blockadePD-L1 biomarkerNew Haven HospitalSTAT1 levelsCell linesWestern blot analysisCheckpoint inhibitorsCheckpoint blockadeClinical responseOverall survivalImproved survivalResistance of cancersMetastatic melanomaMelanoma responsePredict responseTreatment responseDistinct patternsQuantitative, Spatially Defined Expression of Leukocyte Associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (LAIR-1) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Aung T, Gavrielatou N, Vathiotis I, Fernandez A, Shafi S, Yaghoobi V, Burela S, MacNeil T, Ahmed F, Myint H, Flies D, Langermann S, Rimm D. Quantitative, Spatially Defined Expression of Leukocyte Associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (LAIR-1) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Research Communications 2023, 3: 471-482. PMID: 36960400, PMCID: PMC10029762, DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0334.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenocarcinoma of LungB7-H1 AntigenCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungHumansImmunoglobulinsLeukocytesLung NeoplasmsConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerLeukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1LAIR-1 expressionMultiplexed quantitative immunofluorescenceCell lung cancerLung adenocarcinomaLung cancerPD-L1Anti-PD-1/PD-L1Anti-PD-1 resistanceSquamous cell carcinoma subtypeImmunoglobulin-like receptor-1Cancer immunotherapeutic strategiesDeath-1 blockadeResistant lung tumorsImmunoglobulin-like receptorsCell typesAntitumor immunityImmunotherapeutic strategiesHistologic subtypePrognostic valueCombination therapyLung tumorsCarcinoma subtypesLAIR-2Multi-Institutional Study of Pathologist Reading of the Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Combined Positive Score Immunohistochemistry Assay for Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Fernandez A, Robbins C, Gaule P, Agostini-Vulaj D, Anders R, Bellizzi A, Chen W, Chen Z, Gopal P, Zhao L, Lisovsky M, Liu X, Shia J, Wang H, Yang Z, McCann L, Chan Y, Weidler J, Bates M, Zhang X, Rimm D. Multi-Institutional Study of Pathologist Reading of the Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Combined Positive Score Immunohistochemistry Assay for Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. Modern Pathology 2023, 36: 100128. PMID: 36889057, PMCID: PMC10198879, DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100128.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOverall percent agreementCut pointsReal-world settingHigher cut pointsCell death ligand 1Percent agreementGastroesophageal junction cancerPD-L1 immunohistochemistryDeath ligand 1Companion diagnostic testsMessenger RNA measurementsJunction cancerCancer casesImmunohistochemistry assaysIHC resultsDrug AdministrationPredictive valueScoring systemRange of assaysDiagnostic testsInstitutional studyRNA measurementsImmunohistochemistryPoor specificityPathologist's reading
2022
Quantitative assessment of Siglec-15 expression in lung, breast, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer.
Shafi S, Aung T, Xirou V, Gavrielatou N, Vathiotis I, Fernandez A, Moutafi M, Yaghoobi V, Herbst R, Liu L, Langermann S, Rimm D. Quantitative assessment of Siglec-15 expression in lung, breast, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer. Laboratory Investigation 2022, 102: 1143-1149. PMID: 36775354, DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00796-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSiglec-15 expressionNon-small cell lung cancerNeck squamous cell carcinomaProgression-free survivalSquamous cell carcinomaCancer typesOverall survivalCell carcinomaBladder cancerImmune cellsSiglec-15PD-1/PD-L1 blockadePotential future clinical trialsQuantitative immunofluorescencePD-L1 blockadeStromal immune cellsImmune checkpoint blockadeCell lung cancerFuture clinical trialsNew potential targetsCheckpoint blockadePD-L1Lung cancerClinical trialsIntra-tumoral heterogeneityDevelopment of an immunohistochemical assay for Siglec-15
Shafi S, Aung TN, Robbins C, Zugazagoitia J, Vathiotis I, Gavrielatou N, Yaghoobi V, Fernandez A, Niu S, Liu LN, Cusumano ZT, Leelatian N, Cole K, Wang H, Homer R, Herbst RS, Langermann S, Rimm DL. Development of an immunohistochemical assay for Siglec-15. Laboratory Investigation 2022, 102: 771-778. PMID: 35459795, PMCID: PMC9253057, DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00785-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSiglec-15IHC assaysPD-L1PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitionPD-L1 blockadePD-L1 inhibitionHigh expressionFuture clinical trialsImmunoglobulin-type lectinsSiglec-15 expressionCompanion diagnostic assayPromising new targetTumor histologyImmunotherapeutic targetLung cancerImmune cellsClinical trialsNovel recombinant antibodiesCancer histologyImmunohistochemical assaysMyeloid cellsTumor typesScoring systemNew targetsHigh concordanceAssociation of PD-1/PD-L1 Co-location with Immunotherapy Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Gavrielatou N, Liu Y, Vathiotis I, Zugazagoitia J, Aung TN, Shafi S, Fernandez A, Schalper K, Psyrri A, Rimm DL. Association of PD-1/PD-L1 Co-location with Immunotherapy Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 2022, 28: clincanres.2649.2021. PMID: 34686497, PMCID: PMC8776595, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2649.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerBest overall responsePD-L1 tumor proportion scorePD-1/PD-L1Immune checkpoint inhibitorsProgression-free survivalTumor proportion scoreCell lung cancerPD-L1Immunotherapy outcomesCheckpoint inhibitorsOverall survivalQuantitative immunofluorescenceLung cancerProportion scoreAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerLocal T cell responsesCell death protein 1Immunotherapy-treated patientsMultiplexed quantitative immunofluorescencePD-1 expressionPD-L1 expressionDeath protein 1Selection of patientsT cell responses
2021
Determination of the number of observers needed to evaluate a subjective test and its application in two PD‐L1 studies
Han G, Schell MJ, Reisenbichler ES, Guo B, Rimm DL. Determination of the number of observers needed to evaluate a subjective test and its application in two PD‐L1 studies. Statistics In Medicine 2021, 41: 1361-1375. PMID: 34897773, PMCID: PMC10243718, DOI: 10.1002/sim.9282.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStandardization of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry
Martinez-Morilla S, Moutafi M, Rimm DL. Standardization of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. Modern Pathology 2021, 35: 294-295. PMID: 34508229, PMCID: PMC8860739, DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00917-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchProgrammed Death-Ligand 1 Tumor Proportion Score and Overall Survival From First-Line Pembrolizumab in Patients With Nonsquamous Versus Squamous NSCLC
Doroshow DB, Wei W, Gupta S, Zugazagoitia J, Robbins C, Adamson B, Rimm DL. Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Tumor Proportion Score and Overall Survival From First-Line Pembrolizumab in Patients With Nonsquamous Versus Squamous NSCLC. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology 2021, 16: 2139-2143. PMID: 34455068, PMCID: PMC8612948, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.07.032.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 tumor proportion scoreTumor proportion scoreHigh PD-L1 tumor proportion scoreOverall survivalNonsquamous histologySquamous NSCLCNonsquamous NSCLCPredictive biomarkersProportion scoreDeath ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion scoreElectronic health record-derived databaseFirst-line pembrolizumab therapyPD-1 expression levelsPD-L1 expression levelsCommunity oncology clinicsMedian OS differenceSingle-agent pembrolizumabImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImproved overall survivalMedian overall survivalPrimary end pointFirst-line pembrolizumabFirst-line therapyPD-L1 expressionPD-L1 testingAnalysis of multispectral imaging with the AstroPath platform informs efficacy of PD-1 blockade
Berry S, Giraldo NA, Green BF, Cottrell TR, Stein JE, Engle EL, Xu H, Ogurtsova A, Roberts C, Wang D, Nguyen P, Zhu Q, Soto-Diaz S, Loyola J, Sander IB, Wong PF, Jessel S, Doyle J, Signer D, Wilton R, Roskes JS, Eminizer M, Park S, Sunshine JC, Jaffee EM, Baras A, De Marzo AM, Topalian SL, Kluger H, Cope L, Lipson EJ, Danilova L, Anders RA, Rimm DL, Pardoll DM, Szalay AS, Taube JM. Analysis of multispectral imaging with the AstroPath platform informs efficacy of PD-1 blockade. Science 2021, 372 PMID: 34112666, PMCID: PMC8709533, DOI: 10.1126/science.aba2609.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorCD8 AntigensFemaleFluorescent Antibody TechniqueForkhead Transcription FactorsHumansImmune Checkpoint ProteinsMacrophagesMaleMelanomaMiddle AgedPrognosisProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorProgression-Free SurvivalReceptors, Cell SurfaceSingle-Cell AnalysisSOXE Transcription FactorsT-Lymphocyte SubsetsTreatment OutcomeTumor MicroenvironmentConceptsAnti-programmed cell death 1Anti-PD-1 blockadePD-1 blockadeCell death 1Tissue-based biomarkersLong-term survivalTumor tissue sectionsDeath-1PD-1PD-L1Immunoregulatory moleculesT cellsIndependent cohortMyeloid cellsMelanoma specimensMultiple cell typesTissue sectionsLow/BlockadeCell typesDistinct expression patternsExpression patternsImagingCD8Foxp3PD-L1 Expression Scoring: Noninterchangeable, Noninterpretable, Neither, or Both
Gavrielatou N, Shafi S, Gaule P, Rimm DL. PD-L1 Expression Scoring: Noninterchangeable, Noninterpretable, Neither, or Both. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2021, 113: 1613-1614. PMID: 34097056, PMCID: PMC8634453, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab109.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPutting the Microenvironment into the Immunotherapy Companion Diagnostic
Moutafi M, Rimm DL. Putting the Microenvironment into the Immunotherapy Companion Diagnostic. Clinical Cancer Research 2021, 27: 3812-3814. PMID: 33986024, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1238.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsB7-H1 AntigenHumansImmunotherapyLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingStomach NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentComparison of programmed death-ligand 1 protein expression between primary and metastatic lesions in patients with lung cancer
Moutafi MK, Tao W, Huang R, Haberberger J, Alexander B, Ramkissoon S, Ross JS, Syrigos K, Wei W, Pusztai L, Rimm DL, Vathiotis IA. Comparison of programmed death-ligand 1 protein expression between primary and metastatic lesions in patients with lung cancer. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2021, 9: e002230. PMID: 33833050, PMCID: PMC8039214, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002230.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 expressionMetastatic lesionsLung cancer casesLung cancerCancer casesAdvanced stage non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerNon-squamous histologyCell lung cancerFuture patient managementDefinite diagnostic testSquamous histologyFoundation MedicineLymph nodesRoutine careHistologic subtypeMetastatic sitesPrimary lesionRetrospective studyAdrenal glandPrimary tumorPleural fluidPatient managementTrial designDrug AdministrationPD-L1 as a biomarker of response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors
Doroshow DB, Bhalla S, Beasley MB, Sholl LM, Kerr KM, Gnjatic S, Wistuba II, Rimm DL, Tsao MS, Hirsch FR. PD-L1 as a biomarker of response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 2021, 18: 345-362. PMID: 33580222, DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00473-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsSelection of patientsPD-L1L1 antibodyImmunohistochemistry assaysPD-L1 immunohistochemistry assaysOutcomes of patientsBiomarkers of responseCompanion diagnostic assayTypes of cancerPD-1Clinical outcomesSelection biomarkerProspective comparisonClinical challengeNew therapiesFuture treatmentPatientsSolid tumorsClinical useSpecific agentsInter-assay variabilityBiomarkersCurrent roleDiagnostic assaysSpatially Resolved and Quantitative Analysis of the Immunological Landscape in Human Meningiomas
Yeung J, Yaghoobi V, Aung TN, Vesely MD, Zhang T, Gaule P, Gunel M, Rimm DL, Chen L. Spatially Resolved and Quantitative Analysis of the Immunological Landscape in Human Meningiomas. Journal Of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 2021, 80: 150-159. PMID: 33393633, DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa152.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 expressionT cell infiltrationPD-L1PD-L2Human meningiomasTumor-infiltrating immune cell populationsHigh PD-L1 expressionT-cell activation/proliferationActivation/dysfunctionLevels of CD3Immune cell subsetsT-cell phenotypeImmune cell populationsHigh-grade tumorsActivation/proliferationHigher CD3TIL infiltrationCD8 ratioImmunotherapeutic strategiesCell subsetsImmunological statusGrade tumorsImmunological landscapeTissue microarrayMacrophage phenotype
2020
Comparison of PD-L1 protein expression between primary tumors and metastatic lesions in triple negative breast cancers
Rozenblit M, Huang R, Danziger N, Hegde P, Alexander B, Ramkissoon S, Blenman K, Ross JS, Rimm DL, Pusztai L. Comparison of PD-L1 protein expression between primary tumors and metastatic lesions in triple negative breast cancers. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2020, 8: e001558. PMID: 33239417, PMCID: PMC7689582, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001558.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 positivity ratePD-L1 positivityPD-L1 expressionDifferent metastatic sitesPrimary tumorMetastatic sitesPositivity rateImmune cellsMetastatic lesionsTumor cellsPD-L1 protein expressionTriple-negative breast cancerMore primary tumorsTriple negative breast cancer tumorsPrimary breast lesionsPrimary outcome measureSoft tissueNegative breast cancerLow positivity rateBreast cancer tumorsBone metastasesFoundation MedicineLymph nodesPD-L1Spearman correlation coefficientPD-L1 Protein Expression on Both Tumor Cells and Macrophages are Associated with Response to Neoadjuvant Durvalumab with Chemotherapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Ahmed FS, Gaule P, McGuire J, Patel K, Blenman K, Pusztai L, Rimm DL. PD-L1 Protein Expression on Both Tumor Cells and Macrophages are Associated with Response to Neoadjuvant Durvalumab with Chemotherapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 2020, 26: 5456-5461. PMID: 32709714, PMCID: PMC7572612, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1303.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorCell ProliferationFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMacrophagesMiddle AgedNeoadjuvant TherapyProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerPD-L1 expressionNeoadjuvant durvalumabTumor cellsImmune cellsBreast cancerPretreatment core-needle biopsiesPhase I/II clinical trialsPD-L1 protein expressionIMpassion 130 trialCore needle biopsyAmount of CD68Neoadjuvant settingMetastatic settingPD-L1Clinical trialsNeedle biopsyInsufficient tissuePatientsCD68Stromal compartmentQuantitative immunofluorescenceChemotherapyFinal analysisProtein expressionProspective multi-institutional evaluation of pathologist assessment of PD-L1 assays for patient selection in triple negative breast cancer
Reisenbichler ES, Han G, Bellizzi A, Bossuyt V, Brock J, Cole K, Fadare O, Hameed O, Hanley K, Harrison BT, Kuba MG, Ly A, Miller D, Podoll M, Roden AC, Singh K, Sanders MA, Wei S, Wen H, Pelekanou V, Yaghoobi V, Ahmed F, Pusztai L, Rimm DL. Prospective multi-institutional evaluation of pathologist assessment of PD-L1 assays for patient selection in triple negative breast cancer. Modern Pathology 2020, 33: 1746-1752. PMID: 32300181, PMCID: PMC8366569, DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0544-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerNegative breast cancerOverall percent agreementPD-L1Intraclass correlation coefficientBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancerPD-L1 positive casesImmune cell stainingMultiple pathologistsPD-L1 scoringMulti-institutional evaluationLung cancer studiesAtezolizumab therapySP142 assaySP263 assaysPatient selectionSP263SP142US FoodDrug AdministrationPathologist's assessmentPositive casesReal-world settingPercent agreementThe path to a better biomarker: application of a risk management framework for the implementation of PD‐L1 and TILs as immuno‐oncology biomarkers in breast cancer clinical trials and daily practice
Gonzalez‐Ericsson P, Stovgaard ES, Sua LF, Reisenbichler E, Kos Z, Carter JM, Michiels S, Le Quesne J, Nielsen TO, Lænkholm A, Fox SB, Adam J, Bartlett JM, Rimm DL, Quinn C, Peeters D, Dieci MV, Vincent‐Salomon A, Cree I, Hida AI, Balko JM, Haynes HR, Frahm I, Acosta‐Haab G, Balancin M, Bellolio E, Yang W, Kirtani P, Sugie T, Ehinger A, Castaneda CA, Kok M, McArthur H, Siziopikou K, Badve S, Fineberg S, Gown A, Viale G, Schnitt SJ, Pruneri G, Penault‐Llorca F, Hewitt S, Thompson EA, Allison KH, Symmans WF, Bellizzi AM, Brogi E, Moore DA, Larsimont D, Dillon DA, Lazar A, Lien H, Goetz MP, Broeckx G, Bairi K, Harbeck N, Cimino‐Mathews A, Sotiriou C, Adams S, Liu S, Loibl S, Chen I, Lakhani SR, Juco JW, Denkert C, Blackley EF, Demaria S, Leon‐Ferre R, Gluz O, Zardavas D, Emancipator K, Ely S, Loi S, Salgado R, Sanders M, Group I. The path to a better biomarker: application of a risk management framework for the implementation of PD‐L1 and TILs as immuno‐oncology biomarkers in breast cancer clinical trials and daily practice. The Journal Of Pathology 2020, 250: 667-684. PMID: 32129476, DOI: 10.1002/path.5406.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorHumansLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingRisk ManagementTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerTumor-infiltrating lymphocytesPD-L1Breast cancerPatient selectionInter-reader reproducibilityEarly-stage triple-negative breast cancerPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitorsStage triple-negative breast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancerPD-1/PD-L1High tumor-infiltrating lymphocytesImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapyAddition of atezolizumabPD-L1 assessmentSuboptimal patient selectionCheckpoint inhibitor therapyOptimal patient selectionPD-L1 expressionPD-L1 inhibitorsDaily practiceStandard of careImmuno-therapeutic approachesNegative breast cancerEosin-stained slides