2023
Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Asashima H, Kim D, Wang K, Lele N, Buitrago-Pocasangre N, Lutz R, Cruz I, Raddassi K, Ruff W, Racke M, Wilson J, Givens T, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Kleinstein S, Montgomery R, Shaw A, Li F, Fan R, Hafler D, Tomayko M, Longbrake E. Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. JCI Insight 2023, 8: e168102. PMID: 37606046, PMCID: PMC10543713, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinationB-cell-depleted patientsB-cell depletionAntibody responseMRNA vaccinationThird doseCell depletionT cellsClaude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence CenterB cellsNational Multiple Sclerosis SocietyAnti-CD20 antibodySpike-specific antibodiesMultiple Sclerosis SocietyLow cumulative exposureLogistic regression modelsImportant clinical needCD20 therapyCD20 treatmentMost patientsThird vaccineSerologic responseVaccine dosesMRNA vaccinesVaccination strategies
2022
Single-cell multi-omics reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune system in progressive COVID-19
Unterman A, Sumida TS, Nouri N, Yan X, Zhao AY, Gasque V, Schupp JC, Asashima H, Liu Y, Cosme C, Deng W, Chen M, Raredon MSB, Hoehn KB, Wang G, Wang Z, DeIuliis G, Ravindra NG, Li N, Castaldi C, Wong P, Fournier J, Bermejo S, Sharma L, Casanovas-Massana A, Vogels CBF, Wyllie AL, Grubaugh ND, Melillo A, Meng H, Stein Y, Minasyan M, Mohanty S, Ruff WE, Cohen I, Raddassi K, Niklason L, Ko A, Montgomery R, Farhadian S, Iwasaki A, Shaw A, van Dijk D, Zhao H, Kleinstein S, Hafler D, Kaminski N, Dela Cruz C. Single-cell multi-omics reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune system in progressive COVID-19. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 440. PMID: 35064122, PMCID: PMC8782894, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27716-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptive ImmunityAgedAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCells, CulturedCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationHumansImmunity, InnateMaleReceptors, Antigen, B-CellReceptors, Antigen, T-CellRNA-SeqSARS-CoV-2Single-Cell AnalysisConceptsProgressive COVID-19B cell clonesSingle-cell analysisT cellsImmune responseMulti-omics single-cell analysisCOVID-19Cell clonesAdaptive immune interactionsSevere COVID-19Dynamic immune responsesGene expressionSARS-CoV-2 virusAdaptive immune systemSomatic hypermutation frequenciesCellular effectsProtein markersEffector CD8Immune signaturesProgressive diseaseHypermutation frequencyProgressive courseClassical monocytesClonesImmune interactions
2021
Single cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans Identifies IgM memory B cells
Jiang R, Meng H, Raddassi K, Fleming I, Hoehn KB, Dardick KR, Belperron AA, Montgomery RR, Shalek AK, Hafler DA, Kleinstein SH, Bockenstedt LK. Single cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans Identifies IgM memory B cells. JCI Insight 2021, 6: e148035. PMID: 34061047, PMCID: PMC8262471, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMemory B cellsErythema migransB cellsEM lesionsIgM memory B cellsLyme diseaseB-cell receptor sequencingSkin infection siteCell receptor sequencingEarly Lyme diseaseLocal antigen presentationSkin immune responsesB cell populationsSingle-cell immunophenotypingMHC class II genesUninvolved skinImmune cellsSpirochetal infectionAntigen presentationCell immunophenotypingT cellsImmune responseIsotype usageAntibody productionInitial signs
2020
Differential expression of the T-cell inhibitor TIGIT in glioblastoma and MS
Lucca LE, Lerner BA, Park C, DeBartolo D, Harnett B, Kumar VP, Ponath G, Raddassi K, Huttner A, Hafler DA, Pitt D. Differential expression of the T-cell inhibitor TIGIT in glioblastoma and MS. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2020, 7: e712. PMID: 32269065, PMCID: PMC7188477, DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000712.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTumor-infiltrating T cellsT cellsPD-1/PD-L1Anti-TIGIT therapyExpression of CD226Expression of TIGITPostmortem CNS tissueLymphocytes of patientsFresh surgical resectionsLigand CD155TIGIT expressionSurgical resectionPD-1PD-L1CNS diseaseHealthy controlsHealthy donorsLymphocytic expressionImmune responseCNS tissueMS lesionsTIGITImmune pathwaysPatientsGlioblastoma multiforme
2019
Latent autoimmunity across disease-specific boundaries in at-risk first-degree relatives of SLE and RA patients
James JA, Chen H, Young KA, Bemis EA, Seifert J, Bourn RL, Deane KD, Demoruelle MK, Feser M, O'Dell JR, Weisman MH, Keating RM, Gaffney PM, Kelly JA, Langefeld CD, Harley JB, Robinson W, Hafler DA, O'Connor KC, Buckner J, Guthridge JM, Norris JM, Holers VM. Latent autoimmunity across disease-specific boundaries in at-risk first-degree relatives of SLE and RA patients. EBioMedicine 2019, 42: 76-85. PMID: 30952617, PMCID: PMC6491794, DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.063.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSystemic lupus erythematosusFirst-degree relativesGenetic risk scoreRA patientsRheumatoid arthritisSLE patientsT1D patientsAutoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosusRisk first-degree relativesOrgan-specific autoimmune diseasesType 1 diabetes patientsAutoimmune disease preventionAnti-tissue transglutaminaseDisease-associated autoantibodiesDisease prevention studiesUnaffected first-degree relativesCross-sectional studyLatent autoimmunityLupus erythematosusAutoimmune diseasesDiabetes patientsPrevention StudyRisk scoreAutoimmunityPreclinical period
2016
CNS demyelination and enhanced myelin-reactive responses after ipilimumab treatment
Cao Y, Nylander A, Ramanan S, Goods BA, Ponath G, Zabad R, Chiang VL, Vortmeyer AO, Hafler DA, Pitt D. CNS demyelination and enhanced myelin-reactive responses after ipilimumab treatment. Neurology 2016, 86: 1553-1556. PMID: 26984943, PMCID: PMC5573201, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002594.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2014
Prolonged Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Monocytes Modulated by Interleukin 10 After Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults
Mohanty S, Joshi SR, Ueda I, Wilson J, Blevins TP, Siconolfi B, Meng H, Devine L, Raddassi K, Tsang S, Belshe RB, Hafler DA, Kaech SM, Kleinstein SH, Trentalange M, Allore HG, Shaw AC. Prolonged Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Monocytes Modulated by Interleukin 10 After Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2014, 211: 1174-1184. PMID: 25367297, PMCID: PMC4366602, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu573.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge FactorsAgedCytokinesDual Specificity Phosphatase 1FemaleGene Expression RegulationGPI-Linked ProteinsHumansImmunity, InnateInfluenza VaccinesInfluenza, HumanInterleukin-10Interleukin-6Lipopolysaccharide ReceptorsMaleMonocytesPhosphorylationReceptors, IgGSignal TransductionSTAT3 Transcription FactorTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaVaccinationYoung AdultConceptsOlder adultsInfluenza vaccinationInflammatory monocytesInterleukin-10Cytokine productionOlder subjectsAnti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10Influenza vaccine antibody responseTumor necrosis factor αImpaired vaccine responsesVaccine antibody responseIL-10 productionCytokine interleukin-10Proinflammatory cytokine productionNecrosis factor αAge-associated elevationPhosphorylated signal transducerVaccine responsesAntibody responseInterleukin-6Immune responseMonocyte populationsDay 28Intracellular stainingVaccinationSystems Immunology Reveals Markers of Susceptibility to West Nile Virus Infection
Qian F, Goel G, Meng H, Wang X, You F, Devine L, Raddassi K, Garcia MN, Murray KO, Bolen CR, Gaujoux R, Shen-Orr SS, Hafler D, Fikrig E, Xavier R, Kleinstein SH, Montgomery RR. Systems Immunology Reveals Markers of Susceptibility to West Nile Virus Infection. MSphere 2014, 22: 6-16. PMID: 25355795, PMCID: PMC4278927, DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00508-14.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWest Nile virus infectionVirus infectionMyeloid dendritic cellsMarker of susceptibilityPotential therapeutic strategySeverity of infectionSevere neurological diseaseOlder patientsAcute infectionDendritic cellsCXCL10 expressionDetectable yearsImmunity-related genesStratified cohortWNV infectionTherapeutic strategiesPathogenic mechanismsAnimal studiesNeurological diseasesDisease severityVivo infectionPredictive signatureInfectionProminent alterationsPrimary cellsB cells populating the multiple sclerosis brain mature in the draining cervical lymph nodes
Stern JN, Yaari G, Vander Heiden JA, Church G, Donahue WF, Hintzen RQ, Huttner AJ, Laman JD, Nagra RM, Nylander A, Pitt D, Ramanan S, Siddiqui BA, Vigneault F, Kleinstein SH, Hafler DA, O'Connor KC. B cells populating the multiple sclerosis brain mature in the draining cervical lymph nodes. Science Translational Medicine 2014, 6: 248ra107. PMID: 25100741, PMCID: PMC4388137, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008879.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCervical lymph nodesCentral nervous systemB cellsCerebrospinal fluidLymph nodesMultiple sclerosisLymphoid tissueCNS of patientsCNS B cellsAntigen-experienced B cellsMultiple sclerosis brainSecondary lymphoid tissuesB cell compartmentB cell trafficB cell maturationImmunomodulatory therapyImmune infiltratesPeripheral bloodInflammatory diseasesLymphocyte transmigrationPeripheral tissuesNervous systemMembers of clonesCell maturationCell traffic
2011
Increased Frequencies of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/MHC Class II-Binding CD4 Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Raddassi K, Kent SC, Yang J, Bourcier K, Bradshaw EM, Seyfert-Margolis V, Nepom GT, Kwok WW, Hafler DA. Increased Frequencies of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/MHC Class II-Binding CD4 Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal Of Immunology 2011, 187: 1039-1046. PMID: 21653833, PMCID: PMC3131477, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001543.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAmino Acid SubstitutionCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCell CommunicationCell Line, TransformedCells, CulturedEpitopes, T-LymphocyteFemaleGene FrequencyHLA-DR AntigensHLA-DRB1 ChainsHumansImmunophenotypingMaleMiddle AgedMultiple SclerosisMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinPeptide FragmentsProtein BindingProtein MultimerizationConceptsMyelin-reactive T cellsMultiple sclerosisT cell clonesT cellsHealthy controlsMOG-reactive T cellsAutoantigen-specific T cellsCell clonesStimulation of PMBCsClass II tetramersPathogenic immune cellsReactive T cellsSpecific T cellsMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinHLA class IIBlood of subjectsT-cell cloning techniqueMOG peptidesShort-term cultureCD4 cellsMS subjectsAutoimmune diseasesPeripheral bloodControl subjectsOligodendrocyte glycoprotein
2010
A unique antibody gene signature is prevalent in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis
Ligocki AJ, Lovato L, Xiang D, Guidry P, Scheuermann RH, Willis SN, Almendinger S, Racke MK, Frohman EM, Hafler DA, O'Connor KC, Monson NL. A unique antibody gene signature is prevalent in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal Of Neuroimmunology 2010, 226: 192-193. PMID: 20655601, PMCID: PMC2937103, DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.06.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultiple sclerosisB cellsGene signatureMS brain tissueCSF of patientsCNS tissue samplesEnriched B cellsCentral nervous systemB cell receptorMS brainsTissue injuryNervous systemBrain tissueCell receptorTissue samplesSclerosisPatientsCSFUnique accumulationCellsSomatic hypermutationInjuryBrainReceptorsGenetic variation in the IL7RA/IL7 pathway increases multiple sclerosis susceptibility
Zuvich RL, McCauley JL, Oksenberg JR, Sawcer SJ, De Jager PL, International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Aubin C, Cross AH, Piccio L, Aggarwal NT, Evans D, Hafler DA, Compston A, Hauser SL, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL. Genetic variation in the IL7RA/IL7 pathway increases multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Human Genetics 2010, 127: 525-535. PMID: 20112030, PMCID: PMC2854871, DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0789-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSingle nucleotide polymorphismsGene regionCase-control data setsPutative functional relationshipsNovel gene regionsIndependent case-control data setDense SNP mapReceptor alpha-chain geneIllumina Infinium BeadChipExperiment-wise significanceNovel associationsAlpha chain geneGenetic architectureComplex traitsStrong genetic componentGenetic variationSNP mapInfinium BeadChipAffordable genotypingBiological pathwaysGenesGenetic componentChain geneTYK2 geneNumerous family studies
2009
Integration of genetic risk factors into a clinical algorithm for multiple sclerosis susceptibility: a weighted genetic risk score
De Jager PL, Chibnik LB, Cui J, Reischl J, Lehr S, Simon KC, Aubin C, Bauer D, Heubach JF, Sandbrink R, Tyblova M, Lelkova P, the steering committees of the BENEFIT B, Havrdova E, Pohl C, Horakova D, Ascherio A, Hafler D, Karlson E. Integration of genetic risk factors into a clinical algorithm for multiple sclerosis susceptibility: a weighted genetic risk score. The Lancet Neurology 2009, 8: 1111-1119. PMID: 19879194, PMCID: PMC3099419, DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70275-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWeighted genetic risk scoreEpstein-Barr virusHealth Study IMultiple sclerosisC-statisticRisk factorsGenetic risk scoreImmune responseRisk scoreNurses' Health Study IDiagnosis of MSNon-genetic risk factorsHigh-risk individualsMultiple sclerosis susceptibilityEnvironmental risk factorsGenetic risk factorsNHS cohortDerivation cohortTherapeutic trialsMS riskProspective studyClinical algorithmImportant clinical applicationsHigher oddsSusceptibility lociAge-Dependent B Cell Autoimmunity to a Myelin Surface Antigen in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
McLaughlin KA, Chitnis T, Newcombe J, Franz B, Kennedy J, McArdel S, Kuhle J, Kappos L, Rostasy K, Pohl D, Gagne D, Ness JM, Tenembaum S, O'Connor KC, Viglietta V, Wong SJ, Tavakoli NP, de Seze J, Idrissova Z, Khoury SJ, Bar-Or A, Hafler DA, Banwell B, Wucherpfennig KW. Age-Dependent B Cell Autoimmunity to a Myelin Surface Antigen in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal Of Immunology 2009, 183: 4067-4076. PMID: 19687098, PMCID: PMC2795331, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801888.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinMultiple sclerosisB cell autoimmunityCell autoimmunityMOG-AbNative myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinPediatric-onset multiple sclerosisEarly onsetSurface AgPediatric MS casesPediatric-onset MSPediatric multiple sclerosisAdult-onset patientsCNS white matterHuman CNS white matterYears of ageAdult-onset diseaseDifferent myelin proteinsImmunological mechanismsPediatric patientsSerum AbsSuch autoantibodiesOligodendrocyte glycoproteinDisease onsetGlial cellsSoluble IL-2RA Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Subjects and the Effect of Soluble IL-2RA on Immune Responses
Maier LM, Anderson DE, Severson CA, Baecher-Allan C, Healy B, Liu DV, Wittrup KD, De Jager PL, Hafler DA. Soluble IL-2RA Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Subjects and the Effect of Soluble IL-2RA on Immune Responses. The Journal Of Immunology 2009, 182: 1541-1547. PMID: 19155502, PMCID: PMC3992946, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1541.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultiple sclerosisIL-2 receptorMS subjectsHealthy controlsOrgan-specific autoimmune disordersChronic systemic inflammationType 1 diabetesT cell proliferationMultiple sclerosis subjectsStrong genetic factorIL-2 signalingSIL-2RaSystemic inflammationAutoimmune disordersImmunological perturbationsAutoimmune diseasesIL-2RAControl subjectsMS casesSerum concentrationsDisease onsetSpecific allelic variantsImmune responseAggressive formDisease risk
2007
Risk Alleles for Multiple Sclerosis Identified by a Genomewide Study
Hafler D, Compston A, Sawcer S, Lander E, Daly M, De Jager P, de Bakker P, Gabriel S, Mirel D, Ivinson A, Pericak-Vance M, Gregory S, Rioux J, McCauley J, Haines J, Barcellos L, Cree B, Oksenberg J, Hauser S. Risk Alleles for Multiple Sclerosis Identified by a Genomewide Study. New England Journal Of Medicine 2007, 357: 851-862. PMID: 17660530, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa073493.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAllelesFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome, HumanHLA-DR alpha-ChainsHLA-DR AntigensHumansInterleukin-2 Receptor alpha SubunitInterleukin-7 Receptor alpha SubunitLinkage DisequilibriumMaleMiddle AgedMultiple SclerosisMutationOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsConceptsMultiple sclerosisReceptor alpha geneSingle nucleotide polymorphismsControl subjectsCase subjectsInterleukin-7 receptor alpha geneHeritable risk factorsAlpha geneRisk factorsFamily triosSclerosisRisk allelesHLA lociHLA-DRA locusTransmission disequilibrium testStringent P valueP-valueEffect sizeSignificant heritable componentInterleukin-2 receptor alpha geneNonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphismsGenomewide association studiesMultiple single nucleotide polymorphismsSubjectsAssociationA Local Antigen-Driven Humoral Response Is Present in the Inflammatory Myopathies
Bradshaw EM, Orihuela A, McArdel SL, Salajegheh M, Amato AA, Hafler DA, Greenberg SA, O’Connor K. A Local Antigen-Driven Humoral Response Is Present in the Inflammatory Myopathies. The Journal Of Immunology 2007, 178: 547-556. PMID: 17182595, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.547.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAmino Acid SequenceAntibody FormationAutoantigensB-Lymphocyte SubsetsFemaleGenes, Immunoglobulin Heavy ChainHumansImmunoglobulin Switch RegionImmunoglobulin Variable RegionMaleMicrodissectionMiddle AgedMolecular Sequence DataMutationMyocardiumMyositisReceptors, Antigen, B-CellSyndecan-1Transcription, GeneticConceptsInclusion body myositisLaser capture microdissectionBody myositisCapture microdissectionInflammatory myopathiesMuscle tissueInsertions/deletionsT cell-mediated diseaseGene sequencesCell-mediated diseaseGene transcriptsInflamed muscle tissueAg-specific responsesAg receptorB cell maturationPlasma cell populationPutative autoimmune disordersControl muscle tissueSignificant somatic mutationsIndividual cellsVariable region gene sequencesOligoclonal expansionInflammatory infiltrateSomatic mutationsMuscle weakness
2004
T Cell Ig- and Mucin-Domain-Containing Molecule-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-1 Molecules Are Differentially Expressed on Human Th1 and Th2 Cells and in Cerebrospinal Fluid-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Multiple Sclerosis
Khademi M, Illés Z, Gielen AW, Marta M, Takazawa N, Baecher-Allan C, Brundin L, Hannerz J, Martin C, Harris RA, Hafler DA, Kuchroo VK, Olsson T, Piehl F, Wallström E. T Cell Ig- and Mucin-Domain-Containing Molecule-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-1 Molecules Are Differentially Expressed on Human Th1 and Th2 Cells and in Cerebrospinal Fluid-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal Of Immunology 2004, 172: 7169-7176. PMID: 15153541, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7169.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedCell LineCell PolarityCerebrospinal FluidCytokinesFemaleGene Expression RegulationHepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2HumansMaleMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane ProteinsMiddle AgedMultiple SclerosisReceptors, VirusRNA, MessengerTh1 CellsTh2 CellsConceptsCerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cellsFluid mononuclear cellsT cell IgMononuclear cellsTim-3Multiple sclerosisTh2 cellsTIM-1Human Th1TIM moleculesMucin-domain-containing moleculesTim-3 mRNA levelsTh2-mediated diseasesHigh expressionExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisHuman autoimmune diseasesTIM-1 expressionIFN-gamma mRNAReal-time RT-PCRTim-1 polymorphismsTh1 cell clonesHigher mRNA expressionAirway hyperreactivityClinical remissionAutoimmune encephalomyelitis
2003
Isolation and functional characterization of regulatory CD25brightCD4+ T cells from the target organ of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Cao D, Malmström V, Baecher‐Allan C, Hafler D, Klareskog L, Trollmo C. Isolation and functional characterization of regulatory CD25brightCD4+ T cells from the target organ of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. European Journal Of Immunology 2003, 33: 215-223. PMID: 12594850, DOI: 10.1002/immu.200390024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT cellsRegulatory cellsRheumatoid arthritisSynovial fluidTarget organsSuch regulatory T cellsFunctional regulatory cellsInflamed knee jointsPathological T cellsActive rheumatoid arthritisAutologous T cellsRegulatory T cellsExperimental animal modelsPeripheral blood originAutoimmune manifestationsRA patientsAutoimmune diseasesPeripheral bloodSame patientAnimal modelsPatientsKnee jointBlood originDiseaseArthritis
1997
Treatment of Uveitis by Oral Administration of Retinal Antigens: Results of a Phase I/II Randomized Masked Trial
Nussenblatt R, Gery I, Weiner H, Ferris F, Shiloach J, Remaley N, Perry C, Caspi R, Hafler D, Foster C, Whitcup S. Treatment of Uveitis by Oral Administration of Retinal Antigens: Results of a Phase I/II Randomized Masked Trial. American Journal Of Ophthalmology 1997, 123: 583-592. PMID: 9152063, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71070-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhase I/IISoluble retinal antigenTreatment of uveitisRetinal antigensRetinal S-antigenS-antigenStudy endpointImmunosuppressive therapyOral administrationPhase I/II studyMasked trialOcular inflammatory attacksStandard immunosuppressive therapySystemic immunosuppressive therapyPrimary study endpointSecondary study endpointsMain study endpointImmunosuppressive medicationsII studyInflammatory attacksOcular inflammationCytotoxic medicationsImmunosuppressive agentsEndogenous uveitisTreatment groups