2006
Innate Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Are Activated and Drive a Proinflammatory Immune Response
Karni A, Abraham M, Monsonego A, Cai G, Freeman GJ, Hafler D, Khoury SJ, Weiner HL. Innate Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Are Activated and Drive a Proinflammatory Immune Response. The Journal Of Immunology 2006, 177: 4196-4202. PMID: 16951385, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.4196.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyeloid dendritic cellsDendritic cellsMultiple sclerosisInnate immune systemRR-MSImmune responseImmune systemT cell-mediated autoimmune diseaseSecondary progressive multiple sclerosisCell-mediated autoimmune diseaseStages of MSIncreased percentageProgressive phaseNeuronal degenerative changesSecondary progressive phaseSP-MS patientsProgressive multiple sclerosisProinflammatory immune responsePrimary immune responseNaive T cellsImmunologic basisTh1 responseClinical patternMS patientsPD-L1
2003
In vitro evidence that subcutaneous administration of glatiramer acetate induces hyporesponsive T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis
Schmied M, Duda PW, Krieger JI, Trollmo C, Hafler DA. In vitro evidence that subcutaneous administration of glatiramer acetate induces hyporesponsive T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clinical Immunology 2003, 106: 163-174. PMID: 12706402, DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00020-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGA-reactive T cellsT cell reactivityT cellsRR-MSMultiple sclerosisCell reactivityT cell peripheral toleranceTh2-type T cellsT cell frequenciesMonths of treatmentT cell hyporesponsivenessT cell populationsT cell nonresponsivenessT cell anergyHyporesponsive T cellsMechanism of actionMyelin antigensGlatiramer acetatePeripheral toleranceCell hyporesponsivenessPeripheral bloodClonal eliminationIL-2Cell anergySubcutaneous administration