Effect of pre-exposure use of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 mortality: a population-based cohort study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus using the OpenSAFELY platform
Rentsch CT, DeVito NJ, MacKenna B, Morton CE, Bhaskaran K, Brown JP, Schultze A, Hulme WJ, Croker R, Walker AJ, Williamson EJ, Bates C, Bacon S, Mehrkar A, Curtis HJ, Evans D, Wing K, Inglesby P, Mathur R, Drysdale H, Wong AYS, McDonald HI, Cockburn J, Forbes H, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Smeeth L, Douglas IJ, Dixon WG, Evans SJW, Tomlinson L, Goldacre B. Effect of pre-exposure use of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 mortality: a population-based cohort study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus using the OpenSAFELY platform. The Lancet Rheumatology 2020, 3: e19-e27. PMID: 33349815, PMCID: PMC7745258, DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30378-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCOVID-19 mortalitySystemic lupus erythematosusPopulation-based cohort studyLupus erythematosusRheumatoid arthritisOpenSAFELY platformCohort studyImmunosuppressive drugsRheumatological diseasesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2National primary care dataAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Effectiveness of hydroxychloroquinePre-exposure usePrimary care dataSyndrome coronavirus 2COVID-19 outbreakCumulative COVID-19 mortalityCOVID-19Medical Research CouncilNegative control outcomesCOVID-19 deathsHydroxychloroquine useCox regression