2021
Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Collaborators G, Ward J, Azzopardi P, Francis K, Santelli J, Skirbekk V, Sawyer S, Kassebaum N, Mokdad A, Hay S, Abd-Allah F, Abdoli A, Abdollahi M, Abedi A, Abolhassani H, Abreu L, Abrigo M, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abushouk A, Adebayo O, Adekanmbi V, Adham D, Advani S, Afshari K, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmed A, Aji B, Akombi-Inyang B, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alanezi F, Alanzi T, Alcalde-Rabanal J, Alemu B, Al-Hajj S, Alhassan R, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alijanzadeh M, Aljunid S, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri N, Al-Mekhlafi H, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi R, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Amini S, Aminorroaya A, Amit A, Amugsi D, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Andrei C, Androudi S, Ansari F, Ansari I, Antonio C, Anvari D, Anwer R, Appiah S, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Ärnlöv J, Asaad M, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya A, Atout M, Ausloos M, Avenyo E, Avila-Burgos L, Quintanilla B, Ayano G, Aynalem Y, Azari S, Azene Z, Bakhshaei M, Bakkannavar S, Banach M, Banik P, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Basu S, Baune B, Bayati M, Bedi N, Beghi E, Bekuma T, Bell A, Bell M, Benjet C, Bensenor I, Berhe A, Berhe K, Berman A, Bhagavathula A, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhattarai S, Bhutta Z, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Biondi A, Birhanu T, Biswas R, Bohlouli S, Bolla S, Boloor A, Borschmann R, Boufous S, Bragazzi N, Braithwaite D, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Britton G, Burns R, Nagaraja S, Butt Z, dos Santos F, Cámera L, Campos-Nonato I, Rincon J, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia J, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chandan J, Chang H, Chang J, Charan J, Chattu V, Chaturvedi S, Choi J, Chowdhury M, Christopher D, Chu D, Chung M, Chung S, Cicuttini F, Constantin T, Costa V, Dahlawi S, Dai H, Dai X, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Darwesh A, Dávila-Cervantes C, Davletov K, De la Hoz F, De Leo D, Dervenis N, Desai R, Desalew A, Deuba K, Dharmaratne S, Dhungana G, Dianatinasab M, da Silva D, Diaz D, Didarloo A, Djalalinia S, Dorostkar F, Doshi C, Doshmangir L, Doyle K, Duraes A, Kalan M, Ebtehaj S, Edvardsson D, Tantawi M, Elgendy I, El-Jaafary S, Elsharkawy A, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Esteghamati S, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Feigin V, Ferede T, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher J, Foigt N, Folayan M, Fomenkov A, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gad M, Gaidhane A, Gallus S, Gebre T, Gebremedhin K, Gebremeskel G, Gebremeskel L, Gebreslassie A, Gesesew H, Ghadiri K, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Gilani S, Gnedovskaya E, Godinho M, Golechha M, Goli S, Gona P, Gopalani S, Gorini G, Grivna M, Gubari M, Gugnani H, Guimarães R, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haile T, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall B, Hamadeh R, Abdullah K, Hamidi S, Handiso D, Hanif A, Hankey G, Haririan H, Haro J, Hasaballah A, Hashi A, Hassan A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hayat K, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Ho H, Hole M, Holla R, Hoogar P, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Huda T, Humayun A, Hussain R, Hwang B, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye S, Ilesanmi O, Ilic I, Ilic M, Inbaraj L, Intarut N, Iqbal U, Irvani S, Islam M, Islam M, Iso H, Ivers R, Jahani M, Jakovljevic M, Jalali A, Janodia M, Javaheri T, Jeemon P, Jenabi E, Jha R, Jha V, Ji J, Jonas J, Jones K, Joukar F, Jozwiak J, Juliusson P, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalankesh L, Kalhor R, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Karch A, Karimi S, Kaur S, Kayode G, Keiyoro P, Khalid N, Khammarnia M, Khan M, Khan N, Khatab K, Khater M, Khatib M, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaie H, Khoja A, Kieling C, Kim Y, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kivimäki M, Koolivand A, Kosen S, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kugbey N, Kumar G, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kurmi O, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Landires I, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Lasrado S, Lassi Z, Lauriola P, Lee P, Lee S, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Leung J, Levi M, Lewycka S, Li B, Li M, Li S, Lim L, Lim S, Liu X, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lunevicius R, Maddison R, Mahasha P, Mahdavi M, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Mansouri B, Mansournia M, Martinez G, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo F, Mason-Jones A, Masoumi S, Mathur M, Maulik P, McGrath J, Mehndiratta M, Mehri F, Memiah P, Mendoza W, Menezes R, Mengesha E, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek I, Miller T, Mini G, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov E, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Moazen B, Mohammad D, Mohammadi S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Monasta L, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morrison S, Mosapour A, Khaneghah A, Mueller U, Muriithi M, Murray C, Muthupandian S, Naderi M, Nagarajan A, Naghavi M, Naimzada M, Nangia V, Nayak V, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Negoi R, Netsere H, Nguefack-Tsague G, Nguyen D, Nguyen H, Nie J, Ningrum D, Nnaji C, Nomura S, Noubiap J, Nowak C, Nuñez-Samudio V, Ogbo F, Oghenetega O, Oh I, Oladnabi M, Olagunju A, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Bali A, Omer M, Onwujekwe O, Ortiz A, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov S, Øverland S, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Padubidri J, Pakshir K, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panelo C, Park E, Patten S, Peden A, Pepito V, Peprah E, Pereira J, Pesudovs K, Pham H, Phillips M, Piradov M, Pirsaheb M, Postma M, Pottoo F, Pourjafar H, Pourshams A, Prada S, Pupillo E, Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Raggi A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat C, Rao S, Rashedi V, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Renzaho A, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezai M, Riahi S, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roth G, Rubagotti E, Rumisha S, Rwegerera G, Sabour S, Sachdev P, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Moghaddam S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Sajadi S, Salem M, Salimzadeh H, Samy A, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic M, Saraswathy S, Sarrafzadegan N, Sarveazad A, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saxena D, Saxena S, Schiavolin S, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou S, Sha F, Shafaat O, Shahabi S, Shaheen A, Shaikh M, Shakiba S, Shamsi M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty B, Shi P, Shigematsu M, Shin J, Shiri R, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva D, Silva J, Simonetti B, Singh J, Singh V, Sinke A, Skryabin V, Slater H, Smith E, Sobhiyeh M, Sobngwi E, Soheili A, Somefun O, Sorrie M, Soyiri I, Sreeramareddy C, Stein D, Stokes M, Sudaryanto A, Sultan I, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadakamadla S, Taherkhani A, Tamiru A, Tareque I, Thankappan K, Thapar R, Thomas N, Titova M, Tonelli M, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Travillian R, Tsai A, Tsatsakis A, Car L, Uddin R, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Tahbaz S, Valdez P, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Villeneuve P, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vos T, Vu G, Waheed Y, Wamai R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe N, Wu A, Wu C, Jabbari S, Yamagishi K, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yeshitila Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Younis M, Yousefinezhadi T, Yu C, Yu Y, Yuce D, Zaidi S, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zarafshan H, Zarei A, Zastrozhin M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Zhu C, Patton G, Viner R. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet 2021, 398: 1593-1618. PMID: 34755628, PMCID: PMC8576274, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01546-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSocio-demographic indexAdolescent mortalityMaternal causesAge groupsYoung peopleGlobal burdenGlobal Burden of Disease StudyAged 0Burden of Disease StudyGlobal Burden of DiseaseMortality rateDeterminants of adolescent healthImprove health outcomesAnnual percentage decreaseNon-communicable diseasesGBD super-regionsPeople aged 0Risk Factors StudyAdolescent deathsBurden of diseaseChildren aged 0Years of lifeIncome per capitaAged 1Social determinants
2020
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Collaborators G, Wang H, Abbas K, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abolhassani H, Abreu L, Abrigo M, Abushouk A, Adabi M, Adair T, Adebayo O, Adedeji I, Adekanmbi V, Adeoye A, Adetokunboh O, Advani S, Afshin A, Aghaali M, Agrawal A, Ahmadi K, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed M, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam T, Alanezi F, Alanzi T, Alcalde-Rabanal J, Ali M, Alicandro G, Alijanzadeh M, Alinia C, Alipour V, Alizade H, Aljunid S, Allebeck P, Almadi M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Al-Mekhlafi H, Altirkawi K, Alumran A, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini-Rarani M, Aminorroaya A, Amit A, Ancuceanu R, Andrei C, Androudi S, Angus C, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansari I, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio C, Antony C, Anvari D, Appiah S, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aravkin A, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Aryal K, Asadi-Pooya A, Asgari S, Jafarabadi M, Atteraya M, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho E, Quintanilla B, Ayano G, Ayanore M, Azarian G, Babaee E, Badiye A, Bagli E, Bahrami M, Bakhtiari A, Balassyano S, Banach M, Banik P, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barzegar A, Basu S, Baune B, Bayati M, Bazmandegan G, Bedi N, Bell M, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhe K, Berman A, Bertolacci G, Bhageerathy R, Bhala N, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta Z, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bisanzio D, Bisignano C, Biswas R, Bjørge T, Bohlouli S, Bohluli M, Bolla S, Borzì A, Borzouei S, Brady O, Braithwaite D, Brauer M, Briko A, Briko N, Bumgarner B, Nagaraja S, Butt Z, dos Santos F, Cai T, Callender C, LA Alberto Cámera L, Campos-Nonato I, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia J, Castelpietra G, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Cederroth C, Cerin E, Chattu V, Chin K, Chu D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Comfort H, Costa V, Cowden R, Cromwell E, Croneberger A, Cunningham M, Dahlawi S, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan P, Darwesh A, Daryani A, Gupta R, Neves J, Davletov K, De Leo D, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Desai R, Dhungana G, da Silva D, Diaz D, Dippenaar I, Djalalinia S, Thi H, Dokova K, Doku D, Dorostkar F, Doshi C, Doshmangir L, Doyle K, Dubljanin E, Duraes A, Edvardsson D, Effiong A, Sayed I, Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, El-Jaafary S, Emamian M, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Estep K, Farahmand M, Faraj A, Fareed M, Faridnia R, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazaeli A, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin V, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Ferreira M, Filip I, Fischer F, Flohr C, Foigt N, Folayan M, Fomenkov A, Freitas M, Fukumoto T, Fuller J, Furtado J, Gad M, Gakidou E, Gallus S, Gebrehiwot A, Gebremedhin K, Gething P, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gilani S, Gitimoghaddam M, Glushkova E, Gnedovskaya E, Gopalani S, Goulart A, Gugnani H, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta S, Haagsma J, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halvaei I, Hamadeh R, Abdullah K, Han C, Handiso D, Hankey G, Haririan H, Haro J, Hasaballah A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hay S, Heibati B, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henny K, Henry N, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hole M, Hoogar P, Hosgood H, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hoy D, Hu G, Huda T, Ibitoye S, Ikuta K, Ilesanmi O, Ilic I, Ilic M, Imani-Nasab M, Islam M, Iso H, Iwu C, Jaafari J, Jacobsen K, Jahagirdar D, Jahanmehr N, Jalali A, Jalilian F, James S, Janjani H, Jenabi E, Jha R, Jha V, Ji J, Jonas J, Joukar F, Jozwiak J, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kalani H, Kalankesh L, Kamiab Z, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karch A, Karimi S, Karimi S, Kassebaum N, Katikireddi S, Kawakami N, Kayode G, Keiyoro P, Keller C, Khader Y, Khalid N, Khan E, Khan M, Khang Y, Khater A, Khater M, Khazaei S, Khazaie H, Khodayari M, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim C, Kim Y, Kim Y, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Komaki H, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishan K, Krohn K, Defo B, Kumar G, Kumar M, Kumar P, Kumar V, Kusuma D, Kyu H, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lami F, Lansky S, Larson S, Larsson A, Lasrado S, Lassi Z, Lazarus J, Lee P, Lee S, Leever A, LeGrand K, Leonardi M, Li S, Lim L, Lim S, Linn S, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Lopez A, Lopukhov P, Lotufo P, Lozano R, Lu A, Lunevicius R, Madadin M, Maddison E, Razek H, Razek M, Mahasha P, Mahdavi M, Malekzadeh R, Mamun A, Manafi N, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia M, Mapoma C, Martini S, Martins-Melo F, Masaka A, Mastrogiacomo C, Mathur M, May E, McAlinden C, McGrath J, McKee M, Mehndiratta M, Mehri F, Mehta K, Meitei W, Memiah P, Mendoza W, Menezes R, Mengesha E, Mensah G, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Michalek I, Mihretie K, Miller T, Mills E, Milne G, Mirrakhimov E, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Misganaw A, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad D, Mohammad Y, Mezerji N, Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed H, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Bandpei M, Mokari A, Mokdad A, Momen N, Monasta L, Mooney M, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Joo M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Velásquez I, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison S, Mosser J, Mouodi S, Mousavi S, Khaneghah A, Mueller U, Musa K, Muthupandian S, Nabavizadeh B, Naderi M, Nagarajan A, Naghavi M, Naghshtabrizi B, Naik G, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nansseu J, Ndwandwe D, Negoi I, Negoi R, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen H, Nguyen T, Nigatu Y, Nikbakhsh R, Nikpoor A, Nixon M, Nnaji C, Nomura S, Noubiap J, Motlagh S, Nowak C, Oţoiu A, Odell C, Oh I, Oladnabi M, Olagunju A, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Bali A, Ong K, Onwujekwe O, Ortiz A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov S, Øverland S, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Padubidri J, Pakshir K, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Park J, Pasupula D, Patel J, Patel S, Patton G, Paulson K, Toroudi H, Pease S, Peden A, Pepito V, Peprah E, Pereira A, Pereira D, Perico N, Pigott D, Pilgrim T, Pilz T, Piradov M, Pirsaheb M, Pokhrel K, Postma M, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Poznańska A, Prada S, Prakash S, Preotescu L, Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahman M, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Ram P, Ranabhat C, Rao S, Rasella D, Rashedi V, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawal L, Remuzzi G, Renjith V, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaei N, Rezai M, Rezapour A, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rostamian M, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera G, Sabour S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Moghaddam S, Safari Y, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Sajadi S, Salahshoor M, Salama J, Salamati P, Salem M, Salimi Y, Salomon J, Salz I, Samad Z, Samy A, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic M, Saraswathy S, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saylan M, Schaeffer L, Schiavolin S, Schwebel D, Schwendicke F, Sekerija M, Senbeta A, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou S, Serván-Mori E, Shabani M, Shahabi S, Shahbaz M, Shaheen A, Shaikh M, Shalash A, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi M, Shamsizadeh M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sharafi Z, Sharara F, Sharma R, Shaw D, Sheikh A, Shin J, Shiri R, Shrime M, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva D, Simonetti B, Simpson K, Singh J, Skiadaresi E, Skryabin V, Soheili A, Sokhan A, Sorensen R, Soriano J, Sorrie M, Soyiri I, Spurlock E, Sreeramareddy C, Stockfelt L, Stokes M, Stubbs J, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan M, Abdulkader R, Sykes B, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb K, Tadakamadla S, Taherkhani A, Tang M, Taveira N, Taylor H, Teagle W, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Teklehaimanot B, Tessema Z, Thankappan K, Thomas N, Thrift A, Titova M, Tohidinik H, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Tovani-Palone M, Traini E, Tran B, Travillian R, Trias-Llimós S, Truelsen T, Car L, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Vakilian A, Valdez P, Valli A, Vardavas C, Vasankari T, Vasconcelos A, Vasseghian Y, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Vidale S, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Vos T, Vujcic I, Vukovic A, Vukovic R, Waheed Y, Wallin M, Walters M, Wang H, Wang Y, Watson S, Wei J, Weiss J, Weldesamuel G, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford H, Wiangkham T, Wiens K, Wijeratne T, Wiysonge C, Wojtyniak B, Wolfe C, Wondmieneh A, Wool E, Wu A, Wu J, Xu G, Yamada T, Yamagishi K, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yearwood J, Yeheyis T, Yilgwan C, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Lebni J, York H, Younis M, Younker T, Yousefi Z, Yousefinezhadi T, Yousuf A, Yusefzadeh H, Moghadam T, Zakzuk J, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zhang Z, Zheng P, Zhou M, Ziapour A, Murray C. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet 2020, 396: 1160-1203. PMID: 33069325, PMCID: PMC7566045, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30977-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-specific fertilityEstimate age-specific fertilityHealthy life expectancyST-GPRVital registrationNatural rate of increaseModel life table systemCombination of low fertilityEstimates of net migrationReplacement-level fertilityLife expectancyStandard demographic methodsNet migration rateUnder-5Life tablesCohort-component modelAdult mortalitySpatiotemporal Gaussian process regressionUnder-5 deathsAdult mortality ratesIndicators of fertilitySub-Saharan AfricaDemographic transitionNet migrationDemographic outcomesGlobal burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Collaborators G, Vos T, Lim S, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahi M, Abdollahpour I, Abolhassani H, Aboyans V, Abrams E, Abreu L, Abrigo M, Abu-Raddad L, Abushouk A, Acebedo A, Ackerman I, Adabi M, Adamu A, Adebayo O, Adekanmbi V, Adelson J, Adetokunboh O, Adham D, Afshari, Afshin A, Agardh E, Agarwal G, Agesa K, Aghaali M, Aghamir S, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi M, Ahmadieh H, Ahmadpour E, Akalu T, Akinyemi R, Akinyemiju T, Akombi B, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam S, Alam T, Alanzi T, Albertson S, Alcalde-Rabanal J, Alema N, Ali M, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alijanzadeh M, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid S, Alla F, Allebeck P, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi R, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk N, Amini S, Amini-Rarani M, Aminorroaya A, Amiri F, Amit A, Amugsi D, Amul G, Anderlini D, Andrei C, Andrei T, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansari I, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio C, Antony C, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anwer R, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aravkin A, Ariani F, Ärnlöv J, Aryal K, Arzani A, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya A, Asghari B, Ashbaugh C, Atnafu D, Atre S, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Quintanilla B, Ayano G, Ayanore M, Aynalem Y, Azari S, Azarian G, Azene Z, Babaee E, Badawi A, Bagherzadeh M, Bakhshaei M, Bakhtiari A, Balakrishnan S, Balalla S, Balassyano S, Banach M, Banik P, Bannick M, Bante A, Baraki A, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Barthelemy C, Barua L, Barzegar A, Basu S, Baune B, Bayati M, Bazmandegan G, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bello A, Bender R, Bennett D, Bennitt F, Bensenor I, Benziger C, Berhe K, Bernabe E, Bertolacci G, Bhageerathy R, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta Z, Bibi S, Biehl M, Bikbov B, Bin Sayeed M, Biondi A, Birihane B, Bisanzio D, Bisignano C, Biswas R, Bohlouli S, Bohluli M, Bolla S, Boloor A, Boon-Dooley A, Borges G, Borzì A, Bourne R, Brady O, Brauer M, Brayne C, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Briant P, Briggs A, Briko N, Britton G, Bryazka D, Buchbinder R, Bumgarner B, Busse R, Butt Z, dos Santos F, LA Alberto Cámera L, Campos-Nonato I, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia J, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castelpietra G, Castle C, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Causey K, Cederroth C, Cercy K, Cerin E, Chandan J, Chang A, Charlson F, Chattu V, Chaturvedi S, Chimed-Ochir O, Chin K, Cho D, Christensen H, Chu D, Chung M, Cicuttini F, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Collins E, Compton K, Conti S, Cortesi P, Costa V, Cousin E, Cowden R, Cowie B, Cromwell E, Cross D, Crowe C, Cruz J, Cunningham M, Dahlawi S, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh A, Daryani A, Das J, Gupta R, Neves J, Dávila-Cervantes C, Davletov K, De Leo D, Dean F, DeCleene N, Deen A, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle R, Demeke F, Demsie D, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dereje N, Dervenis N, Desai R, Desalew A, Dessie G, Dharmaratne S, Dhungana G, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Forooshani Z, Dingels Z, Dirac M, Djalalinia S, Thi H, Dokova K, Dorostkar F, Doshi C, Doshmangir L, Douiri A, Doxey M, Driscoll T, Dunachie S, Duncan B, Duraes A, Eagan A, Kalan M, Edvardsson D, Ehrlich J, Nahas N, Sayed I, Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elgendy I, Elhabashy H, El-Jaafary S, Elyazar I, Emamian M, Emmons-Bell S, Erskine H, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Etemadi A, Etisso A, Farahmand M, Faraj A, Fareed M, Faridnia R, Farinha C, Farioli A, Faro A, Faruque M, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin V, Feldman R, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Ferrari A, Ferreira M, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher J, Fitzgerald R, Flohr C, Flor L, Foigt N, Folayan M, Force L, Fornari C, Foroutan M, Fox J, Freitas M, Fu W, Fukumoto T, Furtado J, Gad M, Gakidou E, Galles N, Gallus S, Gamkrelidze A, Garcia-Basteiro A, Gardner W, Geberemariyam B, Gebrehiwot A, Gebremedhin K, Gebreslassie A, Hayoon A, Gething P, Ghadimi M, Ghadiri K, Ghafourifard M, Ghajar A, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Ghiasvand H, Ghith N, Gholamian A, Gilani S, Gill P, Gitimoghaddam M, Giussani G, Goli S, Gomez R, Gopalani S, Gorini G, Gorman T, Gottlich H, Goudarzi H, Goulart A, Goulart B, Grada A, Grivna M, Grosso G, Gubari M, Gugnani H, Guimaraes A, Guimarães R, Guled R, Guo G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Haddock B, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Hagins H, Haile L, Hall B, Halvaei I, Hamadeh R, Abdullah K, Hamilton E, Han C, Han H, Hankey G, Haro J, Harvey J, Hasaballah A, Hasanzadeh A, Hashemian M, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller R, Hay R, Hay S, Hayat K, Heidari B, Heidari G, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Hendrie D, Henrikson H, Henry N, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hird T, Hoek H, Hole M, Holla R, Hoogar P, Hosgood H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hoy D, Hsairi M, Hsieh V, Hu G, Huda T, Hugo F, Huynh C, Hwang B, Iannucci V, Ibitoye S, Ikuta K, Ilesanmi O, Ilic I, Ilic M, Inbaraj L, Ippolito H, Irvani S, Islam M, Islam M, Islam M, Islami F, Iso H, Ivers R, Iwu C, Iyamu I, Jaafari J, Jacobsen K, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafari H, Jafarinia M, Jahagirdar D, Jahani M, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jalali A, Jalilian F, James S, Janjani H, Janodia M, Jayatilleke A, Jeemon P, Jenabi E, Jha R, Jha V, Ji J, Jia P, John O, John-Akinola Y, Johnson C, Johnson S, Jonas J, Joo T, Joshi A, Jozwiak J, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalani H, Kalani R, Kalankesh L, Kalhor R, Kamiab Z, Kanchan T, Matin B, Karch A, Karim M, Karimi S, Kassa G, Kassebaum N, Katikireddi S, Kawakami N, Kayode G, Keddie S, Keller C, Kereselidze M, Khafaie M, Khalid N, Khan M, Khatab K, Khater M, Khatib M, Khayamzadeh M, Khodayari M, Khundkar R, Kianipour N, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim Y, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Kneib C, Knudsen A, Kocarnik J, Kolola T, Kopec J, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishan K, Krohn K, Defo B, Bicer B, Kumar G, Kumar M, Kumar P, Kumar V, Kumaresh G, Kurmi O, Kusuma D, Kyu H, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lam J, Lami F, Landires I, Lang J, Lansingh V, Larson S, Larsson A, Lasrado S, Lassi Z, Lau K, Lavados P, Lazarus J, Ledesma J, Lee P, Lee S, LeGrand K, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Lescinsky H, Leung J, Levi M, Lewington S, Li S, Lim L, Lin C, Lin R, Linehan C, Linn S, Liu H, Liu S, Liu Z, Looker K, Lopez A, Lopukhov P, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lucas T, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Lyons R, Ma J, MacLachlan J, Maddison E, Maddison R, Madotto F, Mahasha P, Thi H, Majeed A, Maled V, Maleki S, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Manafi A, Manafi N, Manguerra H, Mansouri B, Mansournia M, Herrera A, Maravilla J, Marks A, Martins-Melo F, Martopullo I, Masoumi S, Massano J, Massenburg B, Mathur M, Maulik P, McAlinden C, McGrath J, McKee M, Mehndiratta M, Mehri F, Mehta K, Meitei W, Memiah P, Mendoza W, Menezes R, Mengesha E, Mengesha M, Mereke A, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek I, Mihretie K, Miller T, Mills E, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov E, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Misganaw A, Mithra P, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad D, Mohammad Y, Mezerji N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mokdad A, Molokhia M, Momen N, Monasta L, Mondello S, Mooney M, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morales L, Morawska L, Velásquez I, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison S, Mosser J, Mouodi S, Mousavi S, Khaneghah A, Mueller U, Munro S, Muriithi M, Musa K, Muthupandian S, Naderi M, Nagarajan A, Nagel G, Naghshtabrizi B, Nair S, Nandi A, Nangia V, Nansseu J, Nayak V, Nazari J, Negoi I, Negoi R, Netsere H, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen C, Nguyen J, Nguyen M, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Nigatu D, Nigatu Y, Nikbakhsh R, Nixon M, Nnaji C, Nomura S, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Nowak C, Nunez-Samudio V, Oţoiu A, Oancea B, Odell C, Ogbo F, Oh I, Okunga E, Oladnabi M, Olagunju A, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Oluwasanu M, Bali A, Omer M, Ong K, Onwujekwe O, Orji A, Orpana H, Ortiz A, Ostroff S, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov S, Øverland S, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Padubidri J, Pakhare A, Palladino R, 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Wunrow H, Xu G, Xu R, Yadgir S, Jabbari S, Yamagishi K, Yaminfirooz M, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yearwood J, Yeheyis T, Yeshitila Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Lebni J, Younis M, Younker T, Yousefi Z, Yousefifard M, Yousefinezhadi T, Yousuf A, Yu C, Yusefzadeh H, Moghadam T, Zaki L, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zangeneh A, Zastrozhin M, Zewdie K, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhou M, Ziapour A, Zimsen S, Naghavi M, Murray C. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet 2020, 396: 1204-1222. PMID: 33069326, PMCID: PMC7567026, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisability-adjusted life yearsAge-standardised DALY ratesNon-communicable diseasesSocio-demographic indexDALY ratesGlobal burdenAge groupsGlobal age-standardised DALY rateCause-specific death ratesAnnualised rate of declineRoad injuriesGlobal Burden of Disease StudyBurden of Disease StudyGlobal Burden of DiseaseHealth service useDisease burdenProportion of burdenSpatiotemporal Gaussian process regressionLow back painCause-specific mortalityDeath Ensemble modelStandard life expectancyCause-specific deathRisk Factors StudyBayesian meta-regression modelling tool