2005
A molecular switch for translational control in taste memory consolidation
Belelovsky K, Elkobi A, Kaphzan H, Nairn A, Rosenblum K. A molecular switch for translational control in taste memory consolidation. European Journal Of Neuroscience 2005, 22: 2560-2568. PMID: 16307598, DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04428.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEukaryotic elongation factor 2Protein synthesisEEF2 phosphorylationKinase 2 activationElongation factor 2Translational regulationTranslation initiationTranslational controlS6K1 phosphorylationMolecular switchSwitch-like effectNeuronal proteinsPhosphorylationElongation rateRate-limiting stepFactor 2Taste memory consolidationSynaptoneurosomal fractionsExpressionTemporal patternsInitiation rateProtein
2003
Adenylyl cyclase-dependent form of chemical long-term potentiation triggers translational regulation at the elongation step
Chotiner J, Khorasani H, Nairn A, O’Dell T, Watson J. Adenylyl cyclase-dependent form of chemical long-term potentiation triggers translational regulation at the elongation step. Neuroscience 2003, 116: 743-752. PMID: 12573716, DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00797-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEukaryotic elongation factor 2Elongation factor 2Elongation stepProtein synthesisTotal protein synthesisChemical long-term potentiationMessenger RNALong-term potentiationN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent formInhibition of translationFactor 2Long-term potentiation inductionTranslational regulationProtein ArcAdenylyl cyclase signalingAdenylyl cyclase activationSynaptic activityCyclase signalingN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activationPersistent maintenanceReceptor-dependent formHippocampal long-term potentiationPhosphorylationRegulationRNA
2001
Mechanisms for Increased Levels of Phosphorylation of Elongation Factor-2 during Hibernation in Ground Squirrels †
Chen Y, Matsushita M, Nairn A, Damuni Z, Cai D, Frerichs K, Hallenbeck J. Mechanisms for Increased Levels of Phosphorylation of Elongation Factor-2 during Hibernation in Ground Squirrels †. Biochemistry 2001, 40: 11565-11570. PMID: 11560506, DOI: 10.1021/bi010649w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEukaryotic elongation factor 2EEF-2 phosphorylationElongation factor 2Elongation phaseEEF-2 kinase activityProtein phosphatase 2AGround squirrelsLevel of phosphorylationFactor 2Phosphatase 2ACellular functionsCatalytic subunitUncharacterized mechanismKinase activityInhibitor 2Protein synthesisPhosphorylationPP2AHibernating animalsActive animalsHibernatorsReversible mechanismSevere reductionSquirrelsHibernationAngiotensin II regulates phosphorylation of translation elongation factor-2 in cardiac myocytes
Everett A, Stoops T, Nairn A, Brautigan D. Angiotensin II regulates phosphorylation of translation elongation factor-2 in cardiac myocytes. AJP Heart And Circulatory Physiology 2001, 281: h161-h167. PMID: 11406481, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.1.h161.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiotensin IIAnimalsCells, CulturedChromonesEnzyme InhibitorsMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesMorpholinesMyocardiumPeptide Elongation Factor 2Phosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphorylationProtein BiosynthesisProtein Phosphatase 2RatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptor, Angiotensin, Type 1Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2Receptors, AngiotensinSignal TransductionSirolimusConceptsEukaryotic elongation factor 2Mitogen-activated protein kinaseElongation factor 2Protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor okadaic acidTranslation elongation factor 2Protein synthesisInhibitor okadaic acidFactor 2Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycinProtein translationDephosphorylated statePolypeptide elongationII-dependent increaseProtein kinaseEEF2 kinaseOkadaic acidDependent regulationInhibitor FK506MAPK activationPD 98059Cardiac myocytesDephosphorylationInhibitor rapamycinNeonatal cardiac myocytesRat neonatal cardiac myocytesElongation Factor-2 Phosphorylation and the Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Calcium
Nairn A, Matsushita M, Nastiuk K, Horiuchi A, Mitsui K, Shimizu Y, Palfrey H. Elongation Factor-2 Phosphorylation and the Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Calcium. Progress In Molecular And Subcellular Biology 2001, 27: 91-129. PMID: 11575162, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-09889-9_4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCalciumCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCell CycleCell DivisionCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesCysteine EndopeptidasesElongation Factor 2 KinaseHumansMolecular Sequence DataMultienzyme ComplexesNeuronsPeptide Chain Elongation, TranslationalPeptide Elongation Factor 2PhosphorylationProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexProtein BiosynthesisSequence Homology, Amino AcidSignal TransductionUbiquitinConceptsProtein synthesisElongation factor 2 phosphorylationDephosphorylation of eEF2Eukaryotic protein synthesisAminoacyl-tRNA synthetasesFactor 2 phosphorylationElongation factor 2Ribosomal proteinsRegulated processInitiation factorsDependent kinasesKey proteinsRate of elongationPeptidyl-tRNAPhysiological roleKinasePhosphorylationFactor 2EEF2P siteThr56ProteinSynthetasesDephosphorylationRibosomes
2000
NMDA receptor-mediated control of protein synthesis at developing synapses
Scheetz A, Nairn A, Constantine-Paton M. NMDA receptor-mediated control of protein synthesis at developing synapses. Nature Neuroscience 2000, 3: 211-216. PMID: 10700251, DOI: 10.1038/72915.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerateAnimalsCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCycloheximideElectrophoresis, Gel, Two-DimensionalGlutamic AcidIsoelectric PointMolecular WeightN-MethylaspartatePeptide Elongation Factor 2PhosphorylationPrecipitin TestsProtein BiosynthesisProteinsRatsReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateRetinal Ganglion CellsSuperior ColliculiSynapsesSynaptosomesTime FactorsConceptsNMDAR activationReceptor activationN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activationActivity-dependent synaptic changesEukaryotic elongation factor 2Receptor-mediated controlSynaptic protein synthesisEEF2 phosphorylationProtein synthesisSuperior colliculiYoung ratsDependent kinase IISynaptic changesLow dosesTotal protein synthesisII synthesisFactor 2Overall protein synthesisActivationElongation factor 2Kinase IIPhosphorylation
1999
Zinc Inhibits Protein Synthesis in Neurons POTENTIAL ROLE OF PHOSPHORYLATION OF TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR-2α*
Alirezaei M, Nairn A, Glowinski J, Prémont J, Marin P. Zinc Inhibits Protein Synthesis in Neurons POTENTIAL ROLE OF PHOSPHORYLATION OF TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR-2α*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1999, 274: 32433-32438. PMID: 10542287, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.45.32433.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCultured cortical neuronsEukaryotic elongation factor 2Central nervous systemFactor 2Translation initiation factor 2αProtein synthesisCerebral cortexCortical neuronsNervous systemProfound inhibitionSustained increaseBasal levelsTransient increaseBasal ratePotential roleProgressive decreaseInhibits protein synthesisNeuronsAmount of polyribosomesElongation factor 2EIF-2alpha phosphorylationAlpha subunitInhibitionPhosphorylationEukaryotic initiation factor 2Mutation of Tyr307 and Leu309 in the Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit Favors Association with the α4 Subunit Which Promotes Dephosphorylation of Elongation Factor-2 †
Chung H, Nairn A, Murata K, Brautigan D. Mutation of Tyr307 and Leu309 in the Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit Favors Association with the α4 Subunit Which Promotes Dephosphorylation of Elongation Factor-2 †. Biochemistry 1999, 38: 10371-10376. PMID: 10441131, DOI: 10.1021/bi990902g.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnion Exchange ResinsBacterial ProteinsCatalytic DomainChromatography, Ion ExchangeCOS CellsHemagglutininsLectinsLeucineMutagenesis, Site-DirectedOligopeptidesPeptide Elongation Factor 2Peptide Elongation FactorsPeptidesPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationPrecipitin TestsProtein Phosphatase 2Resins, SyntheticTransfectionTyrosineConceptsAlpha 4 proteinElongation factor 2AC dimerC subunitSpecific intracellular substratesProtein phosphatase 2ASites of phosphorylationAbc trimerCOS-7 cellsFactor 2B subunitC-terminal residuesTOR proteinsPhosphatase 2ANovel subunitCatalytic subunitTransient overexpressionSubstrate specificityCellular locationIntracellular substratesTransient expressionP70S6 kinaseSingle mutationProtein synthesisSubunits
1997
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation and visual activity induce elongation factor-2 phosphorylation in amphibian tecta: A role for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in controlling protein synthesis
Scheetz A, Nairn A, Constantine-Paton M. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation and visual activity induce elongation factor-2 phosphorylation in amphibian tecta: A role for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in controlling protein synthesis. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1997, 94: 14770-14775. PMID: 9405688, PMCID: PMC25112, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14770.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEukaryotic translation elongation factor 2EEF2 phosphorylationProtein synthesisTranslation elongation factor 2Elongation factor 2 phosphorylationProtein synthetic machinerySubset of proteinsFactor 2 phosphorylationElongation factor 2Synaptic plasticityNMDAR activationNumerous transcriptsProtein translationReceptor activationNew proteinsTranscriptional alterationsSynthetic machineryPhosphorylationN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activationDendritic localizationN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsProtein expressionFactor 2Aspartate receptor activationProteinGlutamate-Dependent Phosphorylation of Elongation Factor-2 and Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in Neurons
Marin P, Nastiuk K, Daniel N, Girault J, Czernik A, Glowinski J, Nairn A, Prémont J. Glutamate-Dependent Phosphorylation of Elongation Factor-2 and Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in Neurons. Journal Of Neuroscience 1997, 17: 3445-3454. PMID: 9133370, PMCID: PMC6573691, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.17-10-03445.1997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAnimalsAntibody SpecificityCalciumCell SurvivalCells, CulturedCerebral CortexDizocilpine MaleateExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsGlutamic AcidMiceNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsNeurotoxinsPeptide Elongation Factor 2Peptide Elongation FactorsPhosphorylationProtein BiosynthesisProtein Synthesis InhibitorsReceptors, AMPAReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateConceptsNeuronal deathEukaryotic elongation factor 2Factor 2Cortical neuronsElongation factor 2Glutamate receptorsProtective effectLong-term effectsProtein synthesisPersistent inhibitionPharmacological analysisPharmacological inhibitionCytosolic Ca2Phosphorylation state-specific antibodiesNeuronsNMDAGlutamateInhibitionProtein translationDeathPhosphorylationClose correlationTransient phosphorylationCa2Excitotoxicity
1995
EF2K Elongation factor-2 kinase (vertebrates) (CaM-dependent PK III)
Nairn A. EF2K Elongation factor-2 kinase (vertebrates) (CaM-dependent PK III). 1995, 135-136. DOI: 10.1016/b978-012324719-3/50031-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchElongation factor 2EF-2 kinaseElongation factor 2 kinaseYeast EF-2Factor 2EF2KMammalian enzymeSDS-PAGE systemDependent regulationRabbit reticulocytesSubunit sizeExact functionReticulocyte enzymeDifferent isoformsPolypeptide chainProtein synthesisKinaseCell proliferationSame affinityGrowth factorEnzymeDependent inhibitionPhosphorylatesIntracellular calciumCa2
1994
Role of elongation factor 2 in regulating peptide-chain elongation in the heart
Vary T, Nairn A, Lynch C. Role of elongation factor 2 in regulating peptide-chain elongation in the heart. American Journal Of Physiology 1994, 266: e628-e634. PMID: 7513958, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.4.e628.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDiabetic ratsEF-2 contentFactor 2Protein synthesisInsulin therapyIncrease of RNADecreased translational efficiencyElongation factor 2RatsDiabetesCardiac muscleImpaired rateDecreased rateProgressive decreaseHeartInhibitionMolecular mechanismsRNA contentPeptide chain elongationH durationTherapyInsulinDecrease
1993
Purification and characterization of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III from rabbit reticulocytes and rat pancreas
Mitsui K, Brady M, Palfrey H, Nairn A. Purification and characterization of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III from rabbit reticulocytes and rat pancreas. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1993, 268: 13422-13433. PMID: 8514778, DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38667-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCalmodulinCattleChromatography, GelElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelElongation Factor 2 KinaseHeat-Shock ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataPancreasPeptide Elongation Factor 2Peptide Elongation FactorsPeptide MappingPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationProtein KinasesRabbitsRatsReticulocytesSubstrate SpecificityConceptsEukaryotic elongation factor 2CaM kinase IIICalmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIIProtein kinase IIIKinase IIIProtein kinaseRabbit reticulocytesCAMP-dependent protein kinaseYeast EF-2Heat shock protein Hsp90Novel protein kinaseElongation factor 2Amino acid sequencingPhosphopeptide mappingSodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisDodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisProtein Hsp90Catalytic subunitSulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisSeryl residuesMajor polypeptidesSubstrate ATPHsp90Factor 2Gel electrophoresisPhosphorylation of elongation factor 2 in normal and malignant rat glial cells.
Bagaglio DM, Cheng EH, Gorelick FS, Mitsui K, Nairn AC, Hait WN. Phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 in normal and malignant rat glial cells. Cancer Research 1993, 53: 2260-4. PMID: 8485712.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCalciumCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesCalmodulinCell DivisionCells, CulturedElongation Factor 2 KinaseGliomaMaleNeurogliaPeptide Elongation Factor 2Peptide Elongation FactorsPhosphorylationPrecipitin TestsProtein KinasesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyTrifluoperazineTumor Cells, CulturedConceptsRat brain white matterNormal glial tissueGlial tissueGlioma cellsC6 cellsC6 rat glioma cellsCaM kinase IIIRat glial cellsFactor 2Rat glioma cellsBrain white matterNormal gliaElongation factor 2Glial cellsRat brainWhite matterTumor tissueBasal levelsIII activityCellular proliferationTissueDependent proteinsCellsEndogenous substratesHomogenates
1992
Increased phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 in Alzheimer's disease
Johnson G, Gotlib J, Haroutunian V, Bierer L, Nairn A, Merril C, Wallace W. Increased phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Research 1992, 15: 319-326. PMID: 1331687, DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(92)90124-t.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisease brainAlzheimer's diseaseAlzheimer's disease brainFactor 2AD homogenatesAD tissueElongation factor 2Brain homogenatesSame brainDiseaseVariant isoformsProtein synthesisPhosphorylated formInhibits protein synthesisBrainUnaffected areasHomogenatesAcidic isoformsPhosphorylationGene expressionEF-2Phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 during Ca2+-mediated secretion from rat parotid acini
Hincke M, Nairn A. Phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 during Ca2+-mediated secretion from rat parotid acini. Biochemical Journal 1992, 282: 877-882. PMID: 1372803, PMCID: PMC1130869, DOI: 10.1042/bj2820877.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElongation factor 2Protein synthesisFactor 2Two-dimensional PAGECalmodulin-dependent phosphorylationRapid phosphorylationParotid acinar cellsMolecular mechanismsRat parotid cellsPhosphorylationPhorbol esterStimulation of secretionProteinParotid cellsAcinar cellsRat parotid aciniParotid aciniSpecific antiseraCellsCa2ImmunoprecipitationExtracellular Ca2SecretionStimulationInhibition
1990
Amiloride analogs induce the phosphorylation of elongation factor-2 in vascular endothelial cells.
Demolle D, Lecomte M, Boutherin-Falson O, Cragoe E, Nairn A, Boeynaems J. Amiloride analogs induce the phosphorylation of elongation factor-2 in vascular endothelial cells. Molecular Pharmacology 1990, 37: 827-32. PMID: 2359404.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElongation factor 2Protein synthesisFactor 2Rabbit reticulocyte lysateCell-free systemBovine aortic endothelial cellsDependent phosphorylationReticulocyte lysateEndothelial cellsAmiloride analoguesPhosphorylationSimilar MrCytosolic pHVascular endothelial cellsProteinAnalogues of amilorideAortic endothelial cellsPotent inhibitorInhibitory effectAntiportCellsEIPAAmilorideATPLysatesNerve Growth Factor‐Induced Down‐Regulation of Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase III in PC12 Cells Involves Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase
Brady M, Nairn A, Wagner J, Palfrey H. Nerve Growth Factor‐Induced Down‐Regulation of Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase III in PC12 Cells Involves Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase. Journal Of Neurochemistry 1990, 54: 1034-1039. PMID: 1689374, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb02354.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWild-type cellsCalmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIICAMP-dependent protein kinase activityProtein kinase IIIProtein kinase activityEpidermal growth factorKinase IIIKinase activityA126-1B2 cellsCyclic AMP-dependent protein kinaseAMP-dependent protein kinasePC12 cellsNerve growth factorMutant PC12 cell lineElongation factor 2Growth factorAbility of NGFPC12 cell lineEffects of NGFProtein kinaseNGF additionA126-1B2Down regulationCell linesFactor 2
1989
Insulin rapidly induces the biosynthesis of elongation factor 2
Levenson R, Nairn A, Blackshear P. Insulin rapidly induces the biosynthesis of elongation factor 2. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1989, 264: 11904-11911. PMID: 2663845, DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)80152-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElongation factor 2EF-2Overall protein synthesisProtein synthesisProtein translation apparatusEukaryotic elongation factor 2Two-dimensional gel electrophoresisHuman insulin receptorNIH 3T3 cellsFactor 2Translation apparatusMature speciesMRNA translationActinomycin D. ThusRNA transcription inhibitorSuch proteinsIndividual proteinsInsulin inductionPreferential expressionPrecursor formInsulin receptorSerum deprivationProteinGel autoradiographsGel electrophoresisThrombin and Histamine Stimulate the Phosphorylation of Elongation Factor 2 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Mackie K, Nairn A, Hampel G, Lam G, Jaffe E. Thrombin and Histamine Stimulate the Phosphorylation of Elongation Factor 2 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1989, 264: 1748-1753. PMID: 2536373, DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94250-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cellsElongation factor 2EF-2Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIIUmbilical vein endothelial cellsProtein synthesisVein endothelial cellsProtein kinase IIIPhosphoamino acid analysisFactor 2Kinase IIICell protein synthesisProtein phosphorylationCultured human umbilical vein endothelial cellsEndothelial cellsPeptidyl-tRNAPhosphorylationBiochemical studiesRapid transient increaseAcid analysisPhorbol dibutyrateIncubation of HUVECsIntracellular calcium levelsProteinEffect of thrombin