2024
Disentangling the influence of reservoir abundance and pathogen shedding on zoonotic spillover of the Leptospira agent in urban informal settlements
Soni N, Eyre M, Souza F, Diggle P, Ko A, Begon M, Pickup R, Childs J, Khalil H, Carvalho-Pereira T, Pertile A, Carvalho M, de Oliveira D, Nery N, Giorgi E, Costa F. Disentangling the influence of reservoir abundance and pathogen shedding on zoonotic spillover of the Leptospira agent in urban informal settlements. Frontiers In Public Health 2024, 12: 1447592. PMID: 39360250, PMCID: PMC11445007, DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1447592.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRat abundanceReservoir abundanceAbundance of ratsEnvironmentally transmitted diseasesVegetation land coverInfection riskSexually mature ratsHuman infection riskLive trapsUrban informal settlementsZoonotic spilloverLand coverSpatial variationHydrological factorsValley bottomTrack plateAbundanceHuman riskShedding rateMature ratsEco-epidemiological studiesLeptospira infectionSpillover transmissionSpatial distributionInformal settlements
2022
Leptospira Infection in Rural Areas of Urabá Region, Colombia: A Prospective Study.
Quintero-Vélez J, Rodas J, Rojas C, Ko A, Wunder E. Leptospira Infection in Rural Areas of Urabá Region, Colombia: A Prospective Study. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2022, 107: 1267-1277. PMID: 36375452, PMCID: PMC9768283, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1103.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOutdoor occupationsLeptospira infectionProspective studyRisk factorsMultivariable modelLeptospira seroprevalenceLogistic regression modelsEco-epidemiological aspectsMultinomial logistic regression modelsMultivariable analysisSerologic testingPrimary exposureMale genderMicroscopic agglutinationPresence of ratsOlder ageRural areasLeptospira serogroupsInfectionSeroincidenceLeptospira speciesSeroprevalenceSerogroupsRegression modelsDirt floorsLinking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover Leptospira infections in marginalised urban settings: An eco-epidemiological community-based cohort study in Brazil
Eyre MT, Souza FN, Carvalho-Pereira T, Nery N, de Oliveira D, Cruz JS, Sacramento GA, Khalil H, Wunder EA, Hacker KP, Hagan JE, Childs JE, Reis MG, Begon M, Diggle PJ, Ko AI, Giorgi E, Costa F. Linking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover Leptospira infections in marginalised urban settings: An eco-epidemiological community-based cohort study in Brazil. ELife 2022, 11: e73120. PMID: 36111781, PMCID: PMC9560157, DOI: 10.7554/elife.73120.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfection riskSignificant global public health burdenCommunity-based cohort studyGlobal public health burdenPublic health burdenAgents of leptospirosisExposure of interestYears of agePublic health interventionsHigh-risk communitiesJoint spatial modellingZoonotic spilloverCohort studyHuman infection riskMale genderSerological evidenceHealth burdenLeptospira infectionLeptospiral infectionInfection rateHealth interventionsEco-epidemiological studiesHealth surveillanceFundação de Amparo à PesquisaOswaldo Cruz Foundation
2020
Seroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in slaughtered cattle in Gauteng province, South Africa
Dogonyaro BB, van Heerden H, Potts AD, Kolo BF, Lotter C, Katsande C, Fasina FO, Ko AI, Wunder EA, Adesiyun AA. Seroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in slaughtered cattle in Gauteng province, South Africa. Tropical Animal Health And Production 2020, 52: 3789-3798. PMID: 33009586, PMCID: PMC10407966, DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02417-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSeroprevalence of leptospirosisMicroscopic agglutination testRisk factorsCattle populationSeropositive cattleSerogroup SejroeSouth AfricaCattleCross-sectional studyLeptospira sppPublic health importancePredominant serogroupVaccine serogroupsAbattoirLivestockLeptospira infectionGauteng ProvinceCutoff titerBlood samplesLeptospirosisSejroeDemographic dataHealth importanceAgglutination testSeroprevalence
2019
Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Rodent Reservoirs of Leptospirosis in an Urban Community of Puerto Rico, 2015
Briskin EA, Casanovas-Massana A, Ryff KR, Morales-Estrada S, Hamond C, Perez-Rodriguez NM, Benavidez KM, Weinberger DM, Castro-Arellano I, Wunder EA, Sharp TM, Rivera-Garcia B, Ko AI. Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Rodent Reservoirs of Leptospirosis in an Urban Community of Puerto Rico, 2015. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2019, 220: 1489-1497. PMID: 31342075, PMCID: PMC6761939, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz339.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk factorsAnti-Leptospira antibodiesBurden of leptospirosisRisk of infectionMicroscopic agglutination testCross-sectional surveyQuantitative polymerase chain reactionSeropositive individualsPrevious infectionPolymerase chain reactionLeptospira infectionLeptospira carriageSerogroup IcterohaemorrhagiaeHigh titersStudy participantsAgglutination testLeptospira exposurePathogenic LeptospiraInfectionRodent reservoirsChain reactionAntibodiesRodent trappingSeroprevalenceCommunity sites
2008
Impact of Environment and Social Gradient on Leptospira Infection in Urban Slums
Reis RB, Ribeiro GS, Felzemburgh RD, Santana FS, Mohr S, Melendez AX, Queiroz A, Santos AC, Ravines RR, Tassinari WS, Carvalho MS, Reis MG, Ko AI. Impact of Environment and Social Gradient on Leptospira Infection in Urban Slums. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2008, 2: e228. PMID: 18431445, PMCID: PMC2292260, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000228.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeptospira antibodiesLeptospira infectionRisk factorsIndependent risk factorSocioeconomic statusUrban slumsCommunity-based surveyPopulation-based informationHousehold environmental factorsPoisson regression modelsBlack raceOverall prevalencePrior infectionHealth outcomesHealth problemsUrban leptospirosisInfection riskInfectionSocial gradientUnequal health outcomesEffective preventionLeptospira transmissionTransmission determinantsAntibodiesSystem survey