2025
Point‐Of‐Care Drug‐Checking: Assessing the Rhode Island Drug Supply Using FTIR Spectroscopy to Detect Fentanyl, Xylazine and Other Substances
Ujeneza M, Tardif J, Thompson E, Badea A, Morales A, Altomare‐Jarczyk C, Green T, Serafinski R, McKenzie M, Park J. Point‐Of‐Care Drug‐Checking: Assessing the Rhode Island Drug Supply Using FTIR Spectroscopy to Detect Fentanyl, Xylazine and Other Substances. Drug And Alcohol Review 2025 PMID: 40977066, DOI: 10.1111/dar.70037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrug categoriesLC-QTOF-MSPresence of cocaineDrug supplyLiquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometryHarm reduction sitesHarm reduction educationCocaineTime-of-flight mass spectrometryFentanylOverdose riskReal-time FTIRFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopyDrug checking servicesService usersInfrared (FTIR) spectroscopyIllicit drug supplyReduction educationSemi-quantitative testDrugReduction siteSelf-reported pathways through which illicitly manufactured fentanyl enters the stimulant supply: Novel insights from people incarcerated for drug manufacturing and distribution
Kelly P, Vento S, Green T, Rich J, Noh M, Silcox J, Hughto J. Self-reported pathways through which illicitly manufactured fentanyl enters the stimulant supply: Novel insights from people incarcerated for drug manufacturing and distribution. SSM - Qualitative Research In Health 2025, 7: 100568. PMID: 40557272, PMCID: PMC12186731, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2025.100568.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRhode Island Department of CorrectionsDrug trafficking organizationsDepartment of CorrectionsDrug marketSupply-side factorsStimulating supplyRhode Island DepartmentChallenge beliefsAccidental mix-upPWDDDistribute drugsOverdose mortalityContested beliefsFirsthand knowledgePeopleOverdose riskStimulating marketsMarketDrug manufacturersParticipantsBeliefsConsumption of stimulantsFentanylMethadone for Opioid Use Disorder in the Fentanyl Era: Navigating Challenges and Evolving Strategies- a Narrative Review
Osagie E, Horton J, Lawrence D, Hermes G, Garcia-Vassallo G. Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder in the Fentanyl Era: Navigating Challenges and Evolving Strategies- a Narrative Review. Current Addiction Reports 2025, 12: 44. DOI: 10.1007/s40429-025-00655-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOpioid use disorderDosing flexibilityEffective treatmentMethadone treatmentCornerstone of treatmentOpioid use disorder treatmentMethadone initiationMethadone doseDosing daysDosing considerationsDose selectionTreatment outcomesUse disorderWithdrawal managementPresence of fentanylOpioidRate of titrationDoseMethadoneFentanylSummaryThis reviewSynthetic opioidsDrug overdose deathsInitial careClinical decisions
2024
Brief Report on Outpatient Treatment of Adolescent Opioid Use Disorder
Kaliamurthy S, Straton E, Kumar P, Carleen A. Brief Report on Outpatient Treatment of Adolescent Opioid Use Disorder. Journal Of Addiction Medicine 2024, 19: 230-232. PMID: 39442073, DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001391.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOpioid use disorderMonths postintakeAdolescent patientsModerate to severe opioid use disorderMOUD treatmentAddiction clinicsUse disorderPrevalence of opioid use disorderSevere opioid use disorderOutpatient treatmentFentanyl useCharacteristics of adolescentsClinic visitsPatientsAddiction treatmentDemographic dataFentanylIntake appointmentClinicMonthsPostintakeMOUDTreatmentAdolescentsOverdose fatalitiesFentanyl in the Labor Epidural Impacts the Results of Intrapartum and Postpartum Maternal and Neonatal Toxicology Tests
Siegel M, Mahowald G, Uljon S, James K, Leffert L, Sullivan M, Hernandez S, Gray J, Schiff D, Bernstein S. Fentanyl in the Labor Epidural Impacts the Results of Intrapartum and Postpartum Maternal and Neonatal Toxicology Tests. Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 2024, 44: 47-48. DOI: 10.1097/01.aoa.0001005456.46508.bf.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2023
Mortality, incarceration and cost implications of fentanyl felonization laws: A modeling study
Savinkina A, Jurecka C, Gonsalves G, Barocas J. Mortality, incarceration and cost implications of fentanyl felonization laws: A modeling study. International Journal Of Drug Policy 2023, 121: 104175. PMID: 37729682, PMCID: PMC10840895, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104175.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchXylazine in the drug supply: Emerging threats and lessons learned in areas with high levels of adulteration
Quijano T, Crowell J, Eggert K, Clark K, Alexander M, Grau L, Heimer R. Xylazine in the drug supply: Emerging threats and lessons learned in areas with high levels of adulteration. International Journal Of Drug Policy 2023, 120: 104154. PMID: 37574646, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104154.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHarm reduction service providersDrug supplySedative-analgesic drugsFatal opioid overdosesOpioid overdose fatalitiesPresence of fentanylMedical examiner dataIllicit drug supplyInjection of xylazineFentanyl test stripsPrevention needsOpioid usersAnalgesic drugsOpioid overdosesOverdose deathsOverdose fatalitiesXylazineHealth threatSurvey of peopleDrugsSignificant predictorsFentanylConvenience surveyTest stripsTwo-thirdsURINE TOXICOLOGY PROFILES OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PATIENTS WITH UNTREATED OPIOID USE DISORDER: A MULTI-SITE VIEW
Cowan E, Perrone J, Dziura J, Edelman E, Hawk K, Herring A, McCormack R, Murphy A, Phadke M, Fiellin D, D'Onofrio G. URINE TOXICOLOGY PROFILES OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PATIENTS WITH UNTREATED OPIOID USE DISORDER: A MULTI-SITE VIEW. Journal Of Emergency Medicine 2023, 65: e357-e365. PMID: 37716904, PMCID: PMC10591927, DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.06.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUrine drug screensOpioid use disorderEmergency departmentUntreated opioid use disorderAdult ED patientsOpioid overdose deathsED patientsOnly opioidCommon opioidsOverdose deathsUse disordersCommon drugsOpioidsPolysubstance useDrug useDrug screensAmphetamine-type stimulantsFentanylPatientsAddiction treatmentStimulantsParticipantsBuprenorphineMethadoneBenzodiazepinesIncidence of Precipitated Withdrawal During a Multisite Emergency Department–Initiated Buprenorphine Clinical Trial in the Era of Fentanyl
D’Onofrio G, Hawk K, Perrone J, Walsh S, Lofwall M, Fiellin D, Herring A. Incidence of Precipitated Withdrawal During a Multisite Emergency Department–Initiated Buprenorphine Clinical Trial in the Era of Fentanyl. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e236108. PMID: 36995717, PMCID: PMC10064247, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6108.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConcordance between controlled substance receipt and post-mortem toxicology in opioid-detected overdose deaths: A statewide analysis
Howell B, Black A, Grau L, Lin H, Greene C, Lee H, Heimer R, Hawk K, D'Onofrio G, Fiellin D, Becker W. Concordance between controlled substance receipt and post-mortem toxicology in opioid-detected overdose deaths: A statewide analysis. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2023, 244: 109788. PMID: 36738634, PMCID: PMC9975083, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109788.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPost-mortem toxicologyOverdose deathsChief Medical ExaminerBenzodiazepine prescribingBenzodiazepine prescriptionsPrimary outcomePreventable deathsOpioid overdosesOpioidsAddiction servicesBenzodiazepinesMental healthStudy periodDeathMedical examinersConcordanceStatewide analysisSubstantial numberReceiptDaysDepartmentMedicationsToxicologyFentanylPrescribing
2022
Bupivacaine Metabolite Can Interfere with Norfentanyl Measurement by LC–MS/MS
Mahowald G, Khaliq T, Basu S, Griggs D, Siegel M, Leffert L, Bernstein S, Flood JG, Uljon S. Bupivacaine Metabolite Can Interfere with Norfentanyl Measurement by LC–MS/MS. The Journal Of Applied Laboratory Medicine 2022, 7: 854-862. PMID: 35259249, DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfac009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInvestigating the Impact of Neuraxial Fentanyl on Results of Maternal and Neonatal Toxicology Testing
Siegel M, Mahowald G, Uljon S, Leffert L, James K, Sullivan M, Hernandez S, Gray J, Schiff D, Bernstein S. Investigating the Impact of Neuraxial Fentanyl on Results of Maternal and Neonatal Toxicology Testing. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology 2022, 226: s23-s24. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.084.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
Fentanyl Test Strip Use and Overdose History among Individuals on Medication for Opioid Use Disorder
CB M, AO R, W E, MM C, R S. Fentanyl Test Strip Use and Overdose History among Individuals on Medication for Opioid Use Disorder. Austin Journal Of Public Health And Epidemiology 2021, 8 DOI: 10.26420/austinjpublichealthepidemiol.2021.1117.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFentanyl test stripsOpioid use disorderFentanyl useUse disordersTest strip useNon-fatal overdoseDrug overdose deathsNumber of deathsHalf of participantsMajority of participantsOverdose historyOverdose deathsFentanylStrip useLow uptakeDrug supplyMedicationsDeathWidespread educationDisordersParticipantsUseful strategyIndividualsHigh levelsMOUDFentanyl Test Strip Use and Overdose History among Individuals on Medication for Opioid Use Disorder.
Mistler C, Rosen A, Eger W, Copenhaver M, Shrestha R. Fentanyl Test Strip Use and Overdose History among Individuals on Medication for Opioid Use Disorder. Austin Journal Of Public Health And Epidemiology 2021, 8 PMID: 35782633, PMCID: PMC9249264.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFentanyl test stripsOpioid use disorderFentanyl useUse disordersTest strip useNon-fatal overdoseDrug overdose deathsNumber of deathsHalf of participantsMajority of participantsOverdose historyOverdose deathsFentanylStrip useLow uptakeDrug supplyMedicationsDeathWidespread educationDisordersParticipantsUseful strategyIndividualsHigh levelsMOUD
2020
Xylazine, a Veterinary Tranquilizer, Detected in 42 Accidental Fentanyl Intoxication Deaths.
Nunez J, DeJoseph ME, Gill JR. Xylazine, a Veterinary Tranquilizer, Detected in 42 Accidental Fentanyl Intoxication Deaths. American Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 2020, 42: 9-11. PMID: 33031124, DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000622.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChemical structureEmergency medicine physiciansFatal drug intoxicationLack of responseTransient hypertensionIntoxication deathsDrug intoxicationMuscle relaxationMedicine physiciansXylazineIllicit drugsFentanylPublic healthDrugsDeathVeterinary medicineAdulterantsHypotensionAnalgesiaHypertensionClonidineBradycardiaNaloxoneSedativesTherapyBrief Report: Rates of Fentanyl Use Among Psychiatric Emergency Room Patients
Elmarasi M, Garcia‐Vassallo G, Campbell S, Fuehrlein B. Brief Report: Rates of Fentanyl Use Among Psychiatric Emergency Room Patients. American Journal On Addictions 2020, 30: 92-95. PMID: 32779217, DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13087.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrine drug screensPsychiatric emergency roomFentanyl useEmergency roomPatient presentationUrine drug screening resultsDrug screensPsychiatric emergency room patientsPercent of patientsEmergency room patientsOpioid overdose deathsDrug screening resultsHarm reduction strategiesRates of fentanylVA ConnecticutRoom patientsRisk of fentanylBasic demographic informationOverdose deathsFentanylPatientsPsychiatric diagnosisOpioidsIllicit substancesEmergency population
2019
Accidental drug overdose deaths in Connecticut, 2012–2018: The rise of polysubstance detection?
Rhee TG, Ross JS, Rosenheck RA, Grau LE, Fiellin DA, Becker WC. Accidental drug overdose deaths in Connecticut, 2012–2018: The rise of polysubstance detection? Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2019, 205: 107671. PMID: 31706248, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107671.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOverdose deathsNumber of deathsPolysubstance useDrug-related overdose deathsOpioid-involved overdose deathsFentanyl-related deathsNon-Hispanic whitesChief Medical ExaminerAccidental overdose deathsOverall deathOverdose incidentsStratified analysisConnecticut OfficeAccidental drugConnecticut residentsFentanylDeathUse statusMedical examinersSeparate analysisResidentsStatistical analysis
2017
Multiple Fentanyl Overdoses — New Haven, Connecticut, June 23, 2016
Tomassoni AJ, Hawk KF, Jubanyik K, Nogee DP, Durant T, Lynch KL, Patel R, Dinh D, Ulrich A, D’Onofrio G. Multiple Fentanyl Overdoses — New Haven, Connecticut, June 23, 2016. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2017, 66: 107-111. PMID: 28151928, PMCID: PMC5657834, DOI: 10.15585/mm6604a4.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsIntensive care unitEmergency departmentYale-New Haven HospitalEmergency medical services (EMS) crewsInterviews of patientsContinuous naloxone infusionNew Haven HospitalPublic health alertsRespiratory failureCare unitNaloxone infusionEndotracheal intubationOpioid overdoseNaloxone distributionPatientsRoute of intoxicationSubsequent episodesHealth alertsOpioid antidoteFentanylHospitalPublic healthFamily membersCocaineRapid notification
2015
Ventilator gas delivery wave form substantially impacts plateau pressure and peak-to-plateau pressure gradient determination
Maung AA, Johnson DC, Luckianow GM, Kaplan LJ. Ventilator gas delivery wave form substantially impacts plateau pressure and peak-to-plateau pressure gradient determination. Journal Of Trauma And Acute Care Surgery 2015, 78: 976-979. PMID: 25909418, DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000615.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdult surgical intensive care unitAdult intensive care unit patientsSurgical intensive care unitIntensive care unit patientsPeak airway pressureCare unit patientsIntensive care unitAirway pressureUnit patientsIll patientsCare unitNeuromuscular blockadeVentilator parametersUnwarranted therapyPplatPatientsLevel IIINormal valuesDiagnostic studiesVentilation parametersPressure measurementsPlateau pressureFentanylPropofolMidazolam
2013
Patterns of Opiate, Benzodiazepine, and Antipsychotic Drug Dosing in Older Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit
Pisani MA, Bramley K, Vest MT, Akgün KM, Araujo KL, Murphy TE. Patterns of Opiate, Benzodiazepine, and Antipsychotic Drug Dosing in Older Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit. American Journal Of Critical Care 2013, 22: e62-e69. PMID: 23996429, PMCID: PMC4309662, DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2013835.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedical intensive care unitIntensive care unitOlder patientsCare unitNursing shiftsHigh dosesEvening shiftsNight shiftsYale-New Haven HospitalEvening nursing shiftsPatients 60 yearsRoute of administrationImportant clinical covariatesMean ageClinical covariatesPsychoactive medicationsDrug dosingRandom effects Poisson modelDose levelsPatientsHaloperidolTotal dosesLorazepamSleep deprivationFentanyl
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