Rare X-linked variants carry predominantly male risk in autism, Tourette syndrome, and ADHD
Wang S, Wang B, Drury V, Drake S, Sun N, Alkhairo H, Arbelaez J, Duhn C, Bal V, Langley K, Martin J, Hoekstra P, Dietrich A, Xing J, Heiman G, Tischfield J, Fernandez T, Owen M, O’Donovan M, Thapar A, State M, Willsey A. Rare X-linked variants carry predominantly male risk in autism, Tourette syndrome, and ADHD. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 8077. PMID: 38057346, PMCID: PMC10700338, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43776-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDamaging variantsHigh-confidence ASD risk genesExome-wide significanceRare genetic variationASD risk genesRare damaging variantsHemizygous natureWhole-exome sequencing studiesExome sequencing studiesGene discoveryMultiple neurodevelopmental disordersGenetic variationGenetic mechanismsChr XMale sex biasSequencing studiesChromosome XRisk genesTransmission disequilibrium testAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderASD probandsAutism spectrum disorderASD familiesSex biasInformative recombinationsPrimary complex motor stereotypies are associated with de novo damaging DNA coding mutations that identify KDM5B as a risk gene
Fernandez T, Williams Z, Kline T, Rajendran S, Augustine F, Wright N, Sullivan C, Olfson E, Abdallah S, Liu W, Hoffman E, Gupta A, Singer H. Primary complex motor stereotypies are associated with de novo damaging DNA coding mutations that identify KDM5B as a risk gene. PLOS ONE 2023, 18: e0291978. PMID: 37788244, PMCID: PMC10547198, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291978.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk genesDe novo damaging variantsGene expression patternsWhole-exome DNA sequencingMid-fetal developmentAdditional risk genesHigh-confidence risk genesParent-child triosGene OntologyCell signalingExpression patternsCalcium ion transportFunctional convergenceCell cycleDamaging variantsGenesDNA sequencingDe novoASD probandsGenetic etiologyBiological mechanismsSequencingDNANetwork analysisIon transport