2001
Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
Alexopoulou L, Holt A, Medzhitov R, Flavell R. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 2001, 413: 732-738. PMID: 11607032, DOI: 10.1038/35099560.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntigens, DifferentiationB-LymphocytesCell LineCells, CulturedCytokinesDrosophila ProteinsGalactosamineHumansInterferon Type ILymphocyte ActivationMacrophagesMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesMolecular Sequence DataMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88NF-kappa BPoly I-CReceptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, ImmunologicRNA, Double-StrandedSequence Homology, Amino AcidSignal TransductionToll-Like Receptor 3Toll-Like ReceptorsVirus DiseasesConceptsToll-like receptorsNF-κBI interferonInnate immune recognition receptorsToll-like receptor 3TLR3-deficient miceMolecular patternsPolyinosine-polycytidylic acidMitogen-activated proteinType I interferonMammalian TLR3Dendritic cellsInflammatory cytokinesImmune recognition receptorsViral infectionD-galactosamineReceptor 3MyD88Reduced productionReceptorsActivationMicrobial pathogensLethal effectsMost virusesAdaptor proteinTIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway
Horng T, Barton G, Medzhitov R. TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway. Nature Immunology 2001, 2: 835-841. PMID: 11526399, DOI: 10.1038/ni0901-835.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntigens, DifferentiationCell DifferentiationCell LineCloning, MolecularCpG IslandsDendritic CellsDrosophila ProteinsEIF-2 KinaseHSP40 Heat-Shock ProteinsHumansLipopolysaccharidesMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMolecular Sequence DataMutationMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88Receptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, ImmunologicReceptors, Interleukin-1Sequence Homology, Amino AcidSignal TransductionToll-Like Receptor 4Toll-Like Receptor 9Toll-Like ReceptorsConceptsMammalian Toll-like receptorsProtein kinase PKRMitogen-activated protein kinaseToll-like receptorsKinase PKRAdapter proteinProtein kinaseMyD88-independent signalingPathways downstreamAdapter moleculeNF-κBSignaling pathwaysCellular responsesMicrobial metabolismAdapter protein MyD88MyD88-dependent signaling pathwaysProtein MyD88Absence of MyD88MyD88-deficient miceDendritic cell maturationCell maturationPathwayTLR4 ligationKinasePKR
1997
A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway C. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 1997, 388: 394-397. PMID: 9237759, DOI: 10.1038/41131.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsB7-1 AntigenCell LineCloning, MolecularDrosophilaDrosophila ProteinsHumansImmunityInsect ProteinsInterleukinsJurkat CellsMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane ProteinsMiceMolecular Sequence DataMutationNF-kappa BReceptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, ImmunologicRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidSignal TransductionT-LymphocytesToll-Like ReceptorsTransfectionConceptsDrosophila Toll proteinToll proteinCytoplasmic domainDrosophila TollHuman homologueLeucine-rich repeat domainNF-κB-controlled genesHuman cell linesRepeat domainActive mutantExtracellular domainNF-κBImmune responseInnate immune responseCo-stimulatory molecules B7.1Adaptive immune systemComponents of immunityInflammatory cytokines IL-1ProteinCell linesCo-stimulatory moleculesAntigen-presenting cellsAdaptive immune responsesNaive T cellsHomologues