2023
Functional connectivity during tic suppression predicts reductions in vocal tics following behavior therapy in children with Tourette syndrome
Morand-Beaulieu S, Crowley M, Grantz H, Leckman J, Sukhodolsky D. Functional connectivity during tic suppression predicts reductions in vocal tics following behavior therapy in children with Tourette syndrome. Psychological Medicine 2023, 53: 7857-7864. PMID: 37485677, PMCID: PMC10755221, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001940.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultBehavior TherapyChildHumansSeverity of Illness IndexTic DisordersTicsTourette SyndromeConceptsVoluntary tic suppressionTic suppressionVocal tic severityFunctional connectivityTic severityTourette syndromeRight superior frontal gyrusFirst-line treatmentBehavior therapyComprehensive Behavioral InterventionSuperior frontal gyrusRight angular gyrusVocal ticsFunctional brain networksBehavioral interventionsUsual control conditionFrontal gyrusBaselineAngular gyrusSeverityBrain networksSyndromeChildrenTherapyGyrus
2022
Mispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids
Brady M, Mariani J, Koca Y, Szekely A, King R, Bloch M, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman J, Vaccarino F. Mispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids. Molecular Psychiatry 2022, 27: 5007-5019. PMID: 36447010, PMCID: PMC9949887, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01880-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeInterneuron deficitsGABAergic interneuronsHealthy controlsNeurodevelopmental underpinningsNeuropathological deficitsBG circuitryNeuropsychiatric disordersDecreased differentiationT patientsInterneuronsAltered expressionPotential mechanismsCilia disruptionSonic hedgehogOrganoidsStem cellsTS individualsPluripotent stem cellsGli transcription factorsDeficitsOrganoid differentiationEarly stagesCholinergicPatients
2021
Synaptic processes and immune-related pathways implicated in Tourette syndrome
Tsetsos F, Yu D, Sul JH, Huang AY, Illmann C, Osiecki L, Darrow SM, Hirschtritt ME, Greenberg E, Muller-Vahl KR, Stuhrmann M, Dion Y, Rouleau GA, Aschauer H, Stamenkovic M, Schlögelhofer M, Sandor P, Barr CL, Grados MA, Singer HS, Nöthen MM, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, King RA, Fernandez TV, Barta C, Tarnok Z, Nagy P, Depienne C, Worbe Y, Hartmann A, Budman CL, Rizzo R, Lyon GJ, McMahon WM, Batterson JR, Cath DC, Malaty IA, Okun MS, Berlin C, Woods DW, Lee PC, Jankovic J, Robertson MM, Gilbert DL, Brown LW, Coffey BJ, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ, Kuperman S, Zinner SH, Wagner M, Knowles JA, Jeremy Willsey A, Tischfield JA, Heiman GA, Cox NJ, Freimer NB, Neale BM, Davis LK, Coppola G, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Paschou P, Barr C, Batterson J, Berlin C, Budman C, Cath D, Coppola G, Cox N, Darrow S, Davis L, Dion Y, Freimer N, Grados M, Greenberg E, Hirschtritt M, Huang A, Illmann C, King R, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Lyon G, Malaty I, Mathews C, McMahon W, Neale B, Okun M, Osiecki L, Robertson M, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Scharf J, Singer H, Smit J, Sul J, Yu D, Aschauer H, Barta C, Budman C, Cath D, Depienne C, Hartmann A, Hebebrand J, Konstantinidis A, Mathews C, Müller-Vahl K, Nagy P, Nöthen M, Paschou P, Rizzo R, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Scharf J, Schlögelhofer M, Stamenkovic M, Stuhrmann M, Tsetsos F, Tarnok Z, Wolanczyk T, Worbe Y, Brown L, Cheon K, Coffey B, Dietrich A, Fernandez T, Garcia-Delgar B, Gilbert D, Grice D, Hagstrøm J, Hedderly T, Heiman G, Heyman I, Hoekstra P, Huyser C, Kim Y, Kim Y, King R, Koh Y, Kook S, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Madruga-Garrido M, Mir P, Morer A, Münchau A, Plessen K, Roessner V, Shin E, Song D, Song J, Tischfield J, Willsey A, Zinner S, Aschauer H, Barr C, Barta C, Batterson J, Berlin C, Brown L, Budman C, Cath D, Coffey B, Coppola G, Cox N, Darrow S, Davis L, Depienne C, Dietrich A, Dion Y, Fernandez T, Freimer N, Gilbert D, Grados M, Greenberg E, Hartmann A, Hebebrand J, Heiman G, Hirschtritt M, Hoekstra P, Huang A, Illmann C, Jankovic J, King R, Kuperman S, Lee P, Lyon G, Malaty I, Mathews C, McMahon W, Müller-Vahl K, Nagy P, Neale B, Nöthen M, Okun M, Osiecki L, Paschou P, Rizzo R, Robertson M, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Scharf J, Schlögelhofer M, Singer H, Stamenkovic M, Stuhrmann M, Sul J, Tarnok Z, Tischfield J, Tsetsos F, Willsey A, Woods D, Worbe Y, Yu D, Zinner S. Synaptic processes and immune-related pathways implicated in Tourette syndrome. Translational Psychiatry 2021, 11: 56. PMID: 33462189, PMCID: PMC7814139, DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01082-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLigand-gated ion channelsGene setsCell adhesionGenome-wide analysisComplex genetic architectureGenome-wide genotypic dataIon channelsSet of genesIndividual-level genotype dataSignificant gene setsAncestry-matched controlsParticular cell typeGenetic architectureImmune-related pathwaysSignaling processesGenotypic dataMAGMA analysisGenotype dataCell typesGenesIndication of involvementTS pathogenesisAdhesion moleculesGlial functionNew insights
2020
An examination of the relationship between regulatory T cells and symptom flare-ups in children and adolescents diagnosed with chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome
Yildirim Z, Karabekiroglu K, Yildiran A, Celiksoy MH, Artukoglu B, Baykal S, Babadağı Z, Leckman J. An examination of the relationship between regulatory T cells and symptom flare-ups in children and adolescents diagnosed with chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome. Nordic Journal Of Psychiatry 2020, 75: 18-24. PMID: 32580599, DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1779808.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentChildFemaleHumansLymphocyte CountMaleSymptom Flare UpT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryTic DisordersTourette SyndromeConceptsTS/chronic tic disorderChronic tic disorderSex-matched healthy controlsModerate-severe groupHealthy controlsLymphocyte countTourette syndromeLymphocyte percentagePatient groupTic disordersHC groupControl groupT-helper lymphocyte countYale Global Tic Severity ScaleT helper (TH) (CD4) numberT-lymphocyte countsT lymphocyte numbersT-lymphocyte percentageRegulatory T cellsT cell valuesTic Severity ScaleTreg percentageChildhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorderLymphocyte numbersPhonic tics
2019
Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome
Sukhodolsky DG, Walsh C, Koller WN, Eilbott J, Rance M, Fulbright RK, Zhao Z, Bloch MH, King R, Leckman JF, Scheinost D, Pittman B, Hampson M. Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2019, 87: 1063-1070. PMID: 31668476, PMCID: PMC7015800, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentCross-Over StudiesHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeurofeedbackSeverity of Illness IndexTicsTourette SyndromeConceptsSupplementary motor areaYale Global Tic Severity ScaleFunctional magnetic resonanceTic Severity ScaleReal-time functional magnetic resonanceTourette syndromeSeverity ScaleYale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic ScoreTotal tic scorePrimary outcome measureSham control conditionReduction of ticsMagnetic resonanceSecondary outcomesSessions of neurofeedbackCrossover studyTic symptomsTic scoreOutcome measuresMotor areaSecondary measuresTic severityReal neurofeedbackEnd pointNeurofeedback interventionThe impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive‐compulsive disorder subjects
Blanco‐Vieira T, Santos M, Ferrão YA, Torres AR, Miguel EC, Bloch MH, Leckman JF, do Rosario MC. The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive‐compulsive disorder subjects. Depression And Anxiety 2019, 36: 533-542. PMID: 30990937, DOI: 10.1002/da.22898.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderAdult OCD patientsObsessive-compulsive disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderOCD patientsClinical characteristicsExact testFeatures of ADHDHyperactivity disorderSubgroup of patientsAdult obsessive-compulsive disorderComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderSpecific clinical featuresCross-sectional studyObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subjectsLogistic regression analysisFisher's exact testBrazilian Research ConsortiumMann-Whitney testAdult patientsRheumatic feverDevelopment of interventionsClinical featuresObsessive-compulsive spectrum disordersLifetime prevalence
2018
De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis
Wang S, Mandell JD, Kumar Y, Sun N, Morris MT, Arbelaez J, Nasello C, Dong S, Duhn C, Zhao X, Yang Z, Padmanabhuni SS, Yu D, King RA, Dietrich A, Khalifa N, Dahl N, Huang AY, Neale BM, Coppola G, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Study T, Abdulkadir M, Arbelaez J, Bodmer B, Bromberg Y, Brown L, Cheon K, Coffey B, Deng L, Dietrich A, Dong S, Duhn C, Elzerman L, Fernandez T, Fremer C, Garcia-Delgar B, Gilbert D, Grice D, Hagstrøm J, Hedderly T, Heiman G, Heyman I, Hoekstra P, Hong H, Huyser C, Kim E, Kim Y, Kim Y, King R, Koh Y, Kook S, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Ludolph A, Madruga-Garrido M, Mandell J, Maras A, Mir P, Morer A, Morris M, Müller-Vahl K, Münchau A, Murphy T, Nasello C, Plessen K, Poisner H, Roessner V, Sanders S, Shin E, Song D, Song J, State M, Sun N, Thackray J, Tischfield J, Tübing J, Visscher F, Wanderer S, Wang S, Willsey A, Woods M, Xing J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zinner S, Initiative T, Androutsos C, Barta C, Farkas L, Fichna J, Georgitsi M, Janik P, Karagiannidis I, Koumoula A, Nagy P, Paschou P, Puchala J, Rizzo R, Szejko N, Szymanska U, Tarnok Z, Tsironi V, Wolanczyk T, Zekanowski C, Genetics T, Barr C, Batterson J, Berlin C, Bruun R, Budman C, Cath D, Chouinard S, Coppola G, Cox N, Darrow S, Davis L, Dion Y, Freimer N, Grados M, Hirschtritt M, Huang A, Illmann C, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Lyon G, Malaty I, Mathews C, MacMahon W, Neale B, Okun M, Osiecki L, Pauls D, Posthuma D, Ramensky V, Robertson M, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Scharf J, Singer H, Smit J, Sul J, Yu D, Fernandez T, Buxbaum J, De Rubeis S, Grice D, Xing J, Heiman G, Tischfield J, Paschou P, Willsey A, State M. De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis. Cell Reports 2018, 24: 3441-3454.e12. PMID: 30257206, PMCID: PMC6475626, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.082.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultCadherinsCell PolarityChildDNA Copy Number VariationsFemaleHumansMalePedigreeReceptors, Cell SurfaceTourette SyndromeConceptsCell polarityNumber variantsSequence variantsDe novo damaging variantsDe novoDe novo sequencesCopy number variantsNovo sequencesWhole-exome sequencingDamaging variantsRisk genesGenesCommon pathwayNovoSignificant overlapVariantsTriosGenetic riskSequencingCELSR3PathwayPolaritySequenceSignificant excessFamilyA multicenter examination and strategic revisions of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale
McGuire JF, Piacentini J, Storch EA, Murphy TK, Ricketts EJ, Woods DW, Walkup JW, Peterson AL, Wilhelm S, Lewin AB, McCracken JT, Leckman JF, Scahill L. A multicenter examination and strategic revisions of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Neurology 2018, 90: e1711-e1719. PMID: 29653992, PMCID: PMC5952973, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005474.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTic symptom severityTic scoreTIC numbersYale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scoresSymptom severityYale Global Tic Severity ScaleYGTSS total tic scoreTotal tic scoreSimilar clinical characteristicsInternal consistencySeverity Scale scoreCross-sectional studyTic Severity ScaleDelphi consensus processClinical characteristicsPhonic ticsTic disordersMulticenter examinationImpairment scoresGood internal consistencySeverity ScaleScale scoreSymptom ChecklistDiagnostic InterviewStrong internal consistencyEfficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome: The International Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Public Database and Registry
Martinez-Ramirez D, Jimenez-Shahed J, Leckman JF, Porta M, Servello D, Meng FG, Kuhn J, Huys D, Baldermann JC, Foltynie T, Hariz MI, Joyce EM, Zrinzo L, Kefalopoulou Z, Silburn P, Coyne T, Mogilner AY, Pourfar MH, Khandhar SM, Auyeung M, Ostrem JL, Visser-Vandewalle V, Welter ML, Mallet L, Karachi C, Houeto JL, Klassen BT, Ackermans L, Kaido T, Temel Y, Gross RE, Walker HC, Lozano AM, Walter BL, Mari Z, Anderson WS, Changizi BK, Moro E, Zauber SE, Schrock LE, Zhang JG, Hu W, Rizer K, Monari EH, Foote KD, Malaty IA, Deeb W, Gunduz A, Okun MS. Efficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome: The International Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Public Database and Registry. JAMA Neurology 2018, 75: 353-359. PMID: 29340590, PMCID: PMC5885852, DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4317.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDeep brain stimulationGlobus pallidus internusTourette syndromeDBS implantationBrain stimulationAdverse eventsOutcome of DBSSafety of DBSYale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scoresPosterior globus pallidus internusOverall adverse event rateYale Global Tic Severity ScaleStimulation-induced adverse effectsMedically refractory symptomsImportant adverse eventsAdverse event ratesRefractory Tourette syndromeSeverity Scale scoreTic Severity ScaleSelf-injurious behaviorRefractory symptomsSymptomatic improvementIntracranial hemorrhageObsessive-compulsive disorderInternal capsule
2017
A total-population multigenerational family clustering study of autoimmune diseases in obsessive–compulsive disorder and Tourette’s/chronic tic disorders
Mataix-Cols D, Frans E, Pérez-Vigil A, Kuja-Halkola R, Gromark C, Isomura K, Fernández de la Cruz L, Serlachius E, Leckman JF, Crowley JJ, Rück C, Almqvist C, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. A total-population multigenerational family clustering study of autoimmune diseases in obsessive–compulsive disorder and Tourette’s/chronic tic disorders. Molecular Psychiatry 2017, 23: 1652-1658. PMID: 29133949, PMCID: PMC5951741, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.215.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderAutoimmune diseasesChronic tic disorderIndividual autoimmune diseasesThird-degree relativesTic disordersRisk of ADsNational Patient RegisterPatterns of comorbidityFirst-degree relativesPatient RegisterPlacental transmissionNationwide studyBirth cohortCTD casesFamilial clusteringDisordersComorbiditiesPopulation controlsProbandsOCD probandsBiological relativesDiseaseFamilial linkRiskRare Copy Number Variants in NRXN1 and CNTN6 Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome
Huang AY, Yu D, Davis LK, Sul JH, Tsetsos F, Ramensky V, Zelaya I, Ramos EM, Osiecki L, Chen JA, McGrath LM, Illmann C, Sandor P, Barr CL, Grados M, Singer HS, Nöthen MM, Hebebrand J, King RA, Dion Y, Rouleau G, Budman CL, Depienne C, Worbe Y, Hartmann A, Müller-Vahl KR, Stuhrmann M, Aschauer H, Stamenkovic M, Schloegelhofer M, Konstantinidis A, Lyon GJ, McMahon WM, Barta C, Tarnok Z, Nagy P, Batterson JR, Rizzo R, Cath DC, Wolanczyk T, Berlin C, Malaty IA, Okun MS, Woods DW, Rees E, Pato CN, Pato MT, Knowles JA, Posthuma D, Pauls DL, Cox NJ, Neale BM, Freimer NB, Paschou P, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Coppola G, Genetics T, Bruun R, Chouinard S, Darrow S, Greenberg E, Hirschtritt M, de la Tourette Syndrome GWAS Replication Initiative T, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Robertson M, Smit J. Rare Copy Number Variants in NRXN1 and CNTN6 Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome. Neuron 2017, 94: 1101-1111.e7. PMID: 28641109, PMCID: PMC5568251, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultCalcium-Binding ProteinsCase-Control StudiesCell Adhesion Molecules, NeuronalChildContactinsDNA Copy Number VariationsFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansMaleNerve Tissue ProteinsNeural Cell Adhesion MoleculesOdds RatioTourette SyndromeWhite PeopleYoung AdultConceptsCopy number variantsRare copy number variantsSignificant lociGenome-wide significant lociWide significant lociRare structural variationAncestry-matched controlsSNP microarray dataGlobal CNV burdenEuropean ancestry samplesGenetic architectureUnderlying genetic causeMicroarray dataNumber variantsTS casesCNV burdenSingleton eventsGenetic causeStructural variationsLociPathogenic copy number variantsAbnormal developmentModel neuropsychiatric disorderTS riskVariantsDe Novo Coding Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder
Willsey AJ, Fernandez TV, Yu D, King RA, Dietrich A, Xing J, Sanders SJ, Mandell JD, Huang AY, Richer P, Smith L, Dong S, Samocha KE, Genetics T, Abdulkadir M, Bohnenpoll J, Bromberg Y, Brown L, Cheon K, Coffey B, Deng L, Dietrich A, Dong S, Elzerman L, Fernandez T, Fründt O, Garcia-Delgar B, Gedvilaite E, Gilbert D, Grice D, Hagstrøm J, Hedderly T, Heiman G, Heyman I, Hoekstra P, Hong H, Huyser C, Ibanez-Gomez L, Kim Y, Kim Y, King R, Koh Y, Kook S, Kuperman S, Lamerz A, Leventhal B, Ludolph A, da Silva C, Madruga-Garrido M, Mandell J, Maras A, Mir P, Morer A, Münchau A, Murphy T, Nasello C, Openneer T, Plessen K, Richer P, Roessner V, Sanders S, Shin E, Sival D, Smith L, Song D, Song J, State M, Stolte A, Sun N, Tischfield J, Tübing J, Visscher F, Walker M, Wanderer S, Wang S, Willsey A, Woods M, Xing J, Zhang Y, Zhou A, Zinner S, Genetics T, Barr C, Batterson J, Berlin C, Bruun R, Budman C, Cath D, Chouinard S, Coppola G, Cox N, Darrow S, Davis L, Dion Y, Freimer N, Grados M, Hirschtritt M, Huang A, Illmann C, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Lyon G, Malaty I, Mathews C, MaMahon W, Neale B, Okun M, Osiecki L, Pauls D, Posthuma D, Ramensky V, Robertson M, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Scharf J, Singer H, Smit J, Sul J, Yu D, Neale B, Coppola G, Mathews C, Tischfield J, Scharf J, State M, Heiman G. De Novo Coding Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder. Neuron 2017, 94: 486-499.e9. PMID: 28472652, PMCID: PMC5769876, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhole-exome sequencingTourette's disorderDamaging variantsLikely gene-disrupting variantsComplex neurodevelopmental disorderClinical casesUnrelated probandsNeurodevelopmental disordersDe novo damaging variantsDisordersRisk genesGenetic cohortsConsistent evidenceCoding variantReplication sampleProbandsInternational ConsortiumCohortVariantsMortality risk in a nationwide cohort of individuals with tic disorders and with tourette syndrome
Meier SM, Dalsgaard S, Mortensen PB, Leckman JF, Plessen KJ. Mortality risk in a nationwide cohort of individuals with tic disorders and with tourette syndrome. Movement Disorders 2017, 32: 605-609. PMID: 28339122, DOI: 10.1002/mds.26939.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge DistributionCohort StudiesDenmarkFemaleHumansMaleRegistriesSex DistributionTic DisordersTourette SyndromeYoung AdultConceptsTic disordersTourette syndromePremature deathMortality riskProspective cohort studyMortality rate ratiosComorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderExclusion of individualsCohort studyObsessive-compulsive disorderClinical significancePsychiatric disordersPaternal ageSubstance abuseSyndromeHyperactivity disorderDisordersRate ratioDeathRiskCalendar yearAgeIndividualsCliniciansGilles de la Tourette syndrome
Robertson MM, Eapen V, Singer HS, Martino D, Scharf JM, Paschou P, Roessner V, Woods DW, Hariz M, Mathews CA, Črnčec R, Leckman JF. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2017, 3: 16097. PMID: 28150698, DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.97.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderFunctional brain anomaliesObsessive-compulsive disorderChildhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorderPathogenesis of GTSHyperactivity disorderMultiple common risk variantsNeurobiological dataConsiderable social stigmaNeural circuit levelTourette syndromeBehavioral methodsGilles deNeurodevelopmental disordersYears of ageFuture researchSocial stigmaBrain anomaliesPhonic ticsNeuropsychiatric disordersTargeted interventionsClinical phenotypeDisordersFunctional neurosurgeryDe novo mutations
2016
The Origins of Tourette Syndrome: Prenatal Risk Factors and the Promise of Birth Cohort Studies
Leckman JF, Fernandez TV. The Origins of Tourette Syndrome: Prenatal Risk Factors and the Promise of Birth Cohort Studies. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2016, 55: 751-753. PMID: 27566115, PMCID: PMC5180440, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchN-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Yaffa A, Alvarenga PG, Jakubovski E, Mulqueen JM, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2016, 26: 327-334. PMID: 27027204, PMCID: PMC6445198, DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0109.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBenefit of NACEfficacy of NACYale Global Tic Severity ScaleAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeN-acetylcysteineObsessive-compulsive spectrum disordersSide effectsRecent placebo-controlled trialPediatric Tourette syndromePlacebo-controlled trialCurrent pharmacological treatmentsTreatment of ticsTotal tic scoreSeverity of ticsSubstantial side effectsTic Severity ScaleYears of ageMinimal side effectsPediatric TSPrimary outcomeSecondary outcomesGlutamatergic systemPharmacological treatmentDeep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: Lessons Learned and Future Directions
Leckman JF. Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: Lessons Learned and Future Directions. Biological Psychiatry 2016, 79: 343-344. PMID: 26847660, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.028.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2015
Familial Risks of Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Mataix-Cols D, Isomura K, Pérez-Vigil A, Chang Z, Rück C, Larsson KJ, Leckman JF, Serlachius E, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P. Familial Risks of Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2015, 72: 787-793. PMID: 26083307, DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0627.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic tic disorderFirst-degree relativesTic disordersTourette syndromeFamilial riskSwedish National Patient RegisterNational Patient RegisterSecond-degree relativesRelatives of probandsPopulation-based twin sampleThird-degree relativesFamily studiesCohort studyPatient RegisterFemale patientsSpecialist clinicMAIN OUTCOMESimilar riskGeneral populationPopulation cohortHeritable neuropsychiatric conditionsNeuropsychiatric conditionsSimilar environmental exposuresEnvironmental exposuresDisordersMaternal History of Autoimmune Disease and Later Development of Tourette Syndrome in Offspring
Dalsgaard S, Waltoft BL, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB. Maternal History of Autoimmune Disease and Later Development of Tourette Syndrome in Offspring. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2015, 54: 495-501.e1. PMID: 26004665, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.03.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdjusted incidence rate ratioIncidence rate ratiosMaternal autoimmune diseaseRisk of TSAutoimmune diseasesTourette syndromeMaternal historyNational Danish health registersNationwide prospective cohort studyDanish health registersPrior autoimmune diseaseProspective cohort studyParental psychiatric diagnosisDiagnosis of TSCohort studyHealth registersPerson yearsPrior diagnosisNeuroimmunological disordersIncidence rateTS diagnosisPsychiatric diagnosisPossible associationPoisson regressionPaternal age
2014
Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation: A review and updated recommendations
Schrock LE, Mink JW, Woods DW, Porta M, Servello D, Visser‐Vandewalle V, Silburn PA, Foltynie T, Walker HC, Shahed‐Jimenez J, Savica R, Klassen BT, Machado AG, Foote KD, Zhang J, Hu W, Ackermans L, Temel Y, Mari Z, Changizi BK, Lozano A, Auyeung M, Kaido T, Agid Y, Welter ML, Khandhar SM, Mogilner AY, Pourfar MH, Walter BL, Juncos JL, Gross RE, Kuhn J, Leckman JF, Neimat JA, Okun MS, Group T. Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation: A review and updated recommendations. Movement Disorders 2014, 30: 448-471. PMID: 25476818, DOI: 10.1002/mds.26094.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDeep brain stimulationTourette syndromeBrain stimulationBehavioral treatment trialsFifth Edition diagnosisPostoperative outcome measuresOptimal surgical approachMultidisciplinary team approachTourette syndrome patientsMultiple brain targetsYears of ageLocal ethics committeeInstitutional review boardDBS centersMedication refractoryUrgent indicationsSevere motorSurgical approachTreatment trialsBrain targetsEdition diagnosisVocal ticsSyndrome patientsOutcome measuresHigh risk