2024
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Faust J, Renton B, Bongiovanni T, Chen A, Sheares K, Du C, Essien U, Fuentes-Afflick E, Haywood T, Khera R, King T, Li S, Lin Z, Lu Y, Marshall A, Ndumele C, Opara I, Loarte-Rodriguez T, Sawano M, Taparra K, Taylor H, Watson K, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2438918. PMID: 39392630, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38918.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 public health emergencyNon-HispanicPublic health emergencyOther Pacific IslanderExcess mortalityAlaska NativesUS populationExcess deathsRates of excess mortalityCross-sectional study analyzed dataYears of potential lifeMortality relative riskNon-Hispanic whitesCross-sectional studyPacific IslandersStudy analyzed dataAll-cause mortalityEthnic groupsMortality disparitiesMortality ratioTotal populationDeath certificatesEthnic disparitiesMain OutcomesDecedent ageCause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population
Arun A, Caraballo C, Sawano M, Lu Y, Khera R, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2436402. PMID: 39348122, PMCID: PMC11443349, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36402.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedBlack or African AmericanCause of DeathFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMortalityUnited StatesYoung Adult
2022
Racism as a leading cause of death in the United States
Krumholz HM, Massey DS, Dorsey KB. Racism as a leading cause of death in the United States. The BMJ 2022, 376: o213. PMID: 35078777, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.o213.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLeading Causes of Death Among Adults Aged 25 to 44 Years by Race and Ethnicity in Texas During the COVID-19 Pandemic, March to December 2020
Faust JS, Chen AJ, Tiako M, Du C, Li SX, Krumholz HM, Barnett ML. Leading Causes of Death Among Adults Aged 25 to 44 Years by Race and Ethnicity in Texas During the COVID-19 Pandemic, March to December 2020. JAMA Internal Medicine 2022, 182: 87-90. PMID: 34807250, PMCID: PMC8609460, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6734.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
Mortality From Drug Overdoses, Homicides, Unintentional Injuries, Motor Vehicle Crashes, and Suicides During the Pandemic, March-August 2020
Faust JS, Du C, Mayes KD, Li SX, Lin Z, Barnett ML, Krumholz HM. Mortality From Drug Overdoses, Homicides, Unintentional Injuries, Motor Vehicle Crashes, and Suicides During the Pandemic, March-August 2020. JAMA 2021, 326: 84-86. PMID: 34019096, PMCID: PMC8140390, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.8012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAccidents, TrafficCause of DeathCOVID-19Drug OverdoseHomicideHumansSuicideUnited StatesWounds and InjuriesAll-Cause Excess Mortality and COVID-19–Related Mortality Among US Adults Aged 25-44 Years, March-July 2020
Faust JS, Krumholz HM, Du C, Mayes KD, Lin Z, Gilman C, Walensky RP. All-Cause Excess Mortality and COVID-19–Related Mortality Among US Adults Aged 25-44 Years, March-July 2020. JAMA 2021, 325: 785-787. PMID: 33325994, PMCID: PMC7745134, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.24243.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnalgesics, OpioidCause of DeathCOVID-19Drug OverdoseFemaleHumansMaleMortality, PrematureUnited States
2020
Evaluation of STEMI Regionalization on Access, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Adults Living in Nonminority and Minority Communities
Hsia RY, Krumholz H, Shen YC. Evaluation of STEMI Regionalization on Access, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Adults Living in Nonminority and Minority Communities. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3: e2025874. PMID: 33196809, PMCID: PMC7670311, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25874.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlack or African AmericanCaliforniaCause of DeathCohort StudiesFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHealthcare DisparitiesHispanic or LatinoHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedMinority GroupsMortalityNon-Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicPercutaneous Coronary InterventionRegional Medical ProgramsResidence CharacteristicsST Elevation Myocardial InfarctionTime-to-TreatmentWhite PeopleConceptsST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionElevation myocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionPCI-capable hospitalsZip codesNon-Hispanic whitesPatient's countyCause mortalityCohort studyCoronary interventionPCI hospitalsPCI treatmentWhite patientsCapable hospitalsMyocardial infarctionTop tertileInpatient dataMAIN OUTCOMEPatientsSTEMI regionalizationSmall improvementHospitalPotential mechanismsSame dayHispanic populationAssociation of Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel With Net Adverse Clinical Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
You SC, Rho Y, Bikdeli B, Kim J, Siapos A, Weaver J, Londhe A, Cho J, Park J, Schuemie M, Suchard MA, Madigan D, Hripcsak G, Gupta A, Reich CG, Ryan PB, Park RW, Krumholz HM. Association of Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel With Net Adverse Clinical Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JAMA 2020, 324: 1640-1650. PMID: 33107944, PMCID: PMC7592033, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.16167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Coronary SyndromeAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAlgorithmsAspirinCase-Control StudiesCause of DeathClopidogrelDatabases, FactualDyspneaFemaleHemorrhageHumansIschemiaMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionNetwork Meta-AnalysisPercutaneous Coronary InterventionPropensity ScorePurinergic P2Y Receptor AntagonistsRecurrenceRepublic of KoreaRetrospective StudiesStrokeTicagrelorUnited StatesConceptsNet adverse clinical eventsAcute coronary syndromePercutaneous coronary interventionAdverse clinical eventsHemorrhagic eventsIschemic eventsHazard ratioCause mortalityCoronary syndromeCoronary interventionClinical eventsRisk of NACEClinical practiceLarge randomized clinical trialsPrimary end pointRetrospective cohort studyPropensity-matched pairsSummary hazard ratioRandomized clinical trialsRoutine clinical practiceSignificant differencesP2Y12 platelet inhibitorsTicagrelor groupCohort studySecondary outcomesAssociation of Use of an Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device vs Intra-aortic Balloon Pump With In-Hospital Mortality and Major Bleeding Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Mortazavi BJ, Hurley NC, Krumholz HM, Curtis JP, Berkowitz A, Masoudi FA, Messenger JC, Parzynski CS, Ngufor C, Girotra S, Amin AP, Shah ND, Desai NR. Association of Use of an Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device vs Intra-aortic Balloon Pump With In-Hospital Mortality and Major Bleeding Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock. JAMA 2020, 323: 734-745. PMID: 32040163, PMCID: PMC7042879, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.0254.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedCause of DeathExtracorporeal Membrane OxygenationFemaleHeart ArrestHeart-Assist DevicesHemorrhageHospital MortalityHumansIntra-Aortic Balloon PumpingMaleMatched-Pair AnalysisMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPercutaneous Coronary InterventionPropensity ScoreRegistriesRetrospective StudiesShock, CardiogenicST Elevation Myocardial InfarctionConceptsMicroaxial left ventricular assist deviceIntra-aortic balloon pumpLeft ventricular assist deviceAcute myocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionNational Cardiovascular Data RegistryCardiogenic shockHemodynamic supportMyocardial infarctionRegistry-based retrospective cohort studyCardiology-National Cardiovascular Data RegistryChest Pain-MI RegistryST-elevation myocardial infarctionMechanical circulatory support devicesGreater hemodynamic supportHospital major bleedingRetrospective cohort studyPropensity-matched pairsCirculatory support devicesVentricular assist deviceClinical laboratory dataHospital mortalityMajor bleedingHospital deathCohort study
2019
Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk Factors for Predicting CVD/CHD Mortality The CAC Consortium
Grandhi GR, Mirbolouk M, Dardari ZA, Al-Mallah MH, Rumberger JA, Shaw LJ, Blankstein R, Miedema MD, Berman DS, Budoff MJ, Krumholz HM, Blaha MJ, Nasir K. Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk Factors for Predicting CVD/CHD Mortality The CAC Consortium. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2019, 13: 1175-1186. PMID: 31734198, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.08.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedCause of DeathComputed Tomography AngiographyCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseDiabetes MellitusDyslipidemiasFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedMultidetector Computed TomographyPredictive Value of TestsPrevalencePrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentSmokingTime FactorsUnited StatesVascular CalcificationConceptsCoronary artery calciumCoronary heart diseaseRisk factorsCause-specific mortalityRF burdenCause mortalityArtery calciumCAC scoreCVD mortalityAbsence of CACHigher CAC scoresCHD mortality ratesCurrent cigarette smokingCardiovascular disease deathsCAC ConsortiumCAC testingMulticenter cohortCigarette smokingDisease deathsHeart diseasePrognostic informationBaseline riskFamily historyMost deathsMortality rate
2018
Sex differences in health outcomes at one year following acute myocardial infarction: A report from the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events prospective acute myocardial infarction study
Dreyer RP, Zheng X, Xu X, Liu S, Li J, Ding Q, Du X, Li X, Zhang H, Masoudi FA, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM, Jiang L. Sex differences in health outcomes at one year following acute myocardial infarction: A report from the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events prospective acute myocardial infarction study. European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care 2018, 8: 273-282. PMID: 30270637, DOI: 10.1177/2048872618803726.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMajor adverse cardiac eventsDisease-specific health statusAdverse cardiac eventsAcute myocardial infarctionGeneric health statusMyocardial infarctionCardiac eventsFemale sexHealth statusWeekly anginaChina PatientHealth outcomesAcute Myocardial Infarction StudyPost-acute myocardial infarctionAcute myocardial infarction patientsLong-term health outcomesCardiac Events (PEACE) studyMyocardial Infarction StudyMyocardial infarction patientsSpecific health statusHigher crude ratesSex differencesCardiovascular deathMultivariable analysisInfarction patientsRationale, Design and Methodology of the Computerized Registry of Patients with Venous Thromboembolism (RIETE)
Bikdeli B, Jimenez D, Hawkins M, Ortíz S, Prandoni P, Brenner B, Decousus H, Masoudi FA, Trujillo-Santos J, Krumholz HM, Monreal M. Rationale, Design and Methodology of the Computerized Registry of Patients with Venous Thromboembolism (RIETE). Thrombosis And Haemostasis 2018, 118: 214-224. PMID: 29304541, PMCID: PMC5821113, DOI: 10.1160/th17-07-0511.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnticoagulantsCardiologyCause of DeathFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHemorrhageHumansInternational CooperationIschemiaPregnancyPregnancy Complications, CardiovascularProspective StudiesPuerperal DisordersPulmonary EmbolismRecurrenceRegistriesResearch DesignTreatment OutcomeVena Cava FiltersVenous ThromboembolismConceptsOutcomes of patientsVenous thromboembolismDeep vein thrombosisPulmonary embolismOngoing registryClinical trialsOutcomes of VTEPragmatic comparative effectiveness studyLong-term outcome dataUnstable pulmonary embolismPattern of presentationPatterns of carePrevalent vascular diseaseComparative effectiveness studiesHospital deathVein thrombosisVenous thrombosisPreventable causeComputerized registryVascular diseaseRIETEInclusion criteriaThrombotic conditionsOutcome dataPatients
2017
Trends in acute pericarditis hospitalizations and outcomes among the elderly in the USA, 1999–2012
Mody P, Bikdeli B, Wang Y, Imazio M, Krumholz HM. Trends in acute pericarditis hospitalizations and outcomes among the elderly in the USA, 1999–2012. European Heart Journal - Quality Of Care And Clinical Outcomes 2017, 4: 98-105. PMID: 29106473, PMCID: PMC6279101, DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcx040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLength of stayHospitalization ratesMortality rateReadmission ratesStudy periodCause readmission rateCause mortality ratesLong-term outcomesPrincipal discharge diagnosisRisk of pericarditisHealth care expendituresAcute pericarditisCardiac surgeryRenal diseaseDischarge diagnosisPericarditisHigh riskMedicare beneficiariesHospitalizationOlder adultsCare expendituresStayOutcomesRiskCause
2016
Association Between Hospital Performance on Patient Safety and 30‐Day Mortality and Unplanned Readmission for Medicare Fee‐for‐Service Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Wang Y, Eldridge N, Metersky ML, Sonnenfeld N, Fine JM, Pandolfi MM, Eckenrode S, Bakullari A, Galusha DH, Jaser L, Verzier NR, Nuti SV, Hunt D, Normand S, Krumholz HM. Association Between Hospital Performance on Patient Safety and 30‐Day Mortality and Unplanned Readmission for Medicare Fee‐for‐Service Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2016, 5: e003731. PMID: 27405808, PMCID: PMC5015406, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003731.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overCause of DeathCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.Fee-for-Service PlansFemaleHospitalsHospitals, RuralHospitals, VoluntaryHumansMaleMedicareMortalityMyocardial InfarctionPatient ReadmissionPatient SafetyPrognosisUnited StatesUnited States Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionUnplanned readmission rateMedicare Patient Safety Monitoring SystemRisk-standardized mortalityAdverse eventsReadmission ratesService patientsMedicare feeUnplanned readmissionMyocardial infarctionMedicare patientsPatient safetyHospital performanceMore adverse eventsAdverse event ratesAcute care hospitalsPatient safety dataHospital mortalityAdverse event measuresCause mortalityOccurrence rateCare hospitalHospital characteristicsReadmission dataPatient safety performance
2015
Use of Observation Stays in Calculating Hospitalizations Among Medicare Beneficiaries—Reply
Krumholz HM, Nuti SV, Wang Y. Use of Observation Stays in Calculating Hospitalizations Among Medicare Beneficiaries—Reply. JAMA 2015, 314: 2691-2691. PMID: 26720032, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.15064.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMortality, Hospitalizations, and Expenditures for the Medicare Population Aged 65 Years or Older, 1999-2013
Krumholz HM, Nuti SV, Downing NS, Normand SL, Wang Y. Mortality, Hospitalizations, and Expenditures for the Medicare Population Aged 65 Years or Older, 1999-2013. JAMA 2015, 314: 355-365. PMID: 26219053, PMCID: PMC5459402, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.8035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMonths of lifeMedicare beneficiariesService beneficiariesMedicare feeInpatient expendituresCause mortalitySerial cross-sectional analysisCause mortality ratesNumber of hospitalizationsIntensity of careUnique Medicare beneficiariesCross-sectional analysisPercentage of beneficiariesCause hospitalizationTotal hospitalizationsMore hospitalizationsHospitalization ratesMedicare denominatorInpatient filesHospitalizationMAIN OUTCOMEMortality rateMortalityHealth careKey demographic groups
2014
National Trends in Recurrent AMI Hospitalizations 1 Year After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Medicare Beneficiaries: 1999–2010
Chaudhry SI, Khan RF, Chen J, Dharmarajan K, Dodson JA, Masoudi FA, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. National Trends in Recurrent AMI Hospitalizations 1 Year After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Medicare Beneficiaries: 1999–2010. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2014, 3: e001197. PMID: 25249298, PMCID: PMC4323804, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001197.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2012
Body Mass Index and Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Bucholz EM, Rathore SS, Reid KJ, Jones PG, Chan PS, Rich MW, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Body Mass Index and Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. The American Journal Of Medicine 2012, 125: 796-803. PMID: 22483510, PMCID: PMC3408565, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.01.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexHigher body mass indexAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionLower mortalityObesity paradoxMass indexAssociation of BMIMedian body mass indexCox proportional hazards regressionAcute myocardial infarction patientsImpact of obesityRegistry of patientsProportional hazards regressionMyocardial infarction patientsContinuous variablesDomains of patientsDiabetes subgroupsClinical characteristicsMultivariable adjustmentHeart failurePatient characteristicsBMI groupsDiabetes mellitusHazards regression
2006
Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Premature Discontinuation of Thienopyridine Therapy After Drug-Eluting Stent Placement
Spertus JA, Kettelkamp R, Vance C, Decker C, Jones PG, Rumsfeld JS, Messenger JC, Khanal S, Peterson ED, Bach RG, Krumholz HM, Cohen DJ. Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Premature Discontinuation of Thienopyridine Therapy After Drug-Eluting Stent Placement. Circulation 2006, 113: 2803-2809. PMID: 16769908, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.618066.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAngioplasty, Balloon, CoronaryCardiovascular AgentsCause of DeathClopidogrelCombined Modality TherapyCoronary RestenosisDrug Administration ScheduleDrug ImplantsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHospitalizationHumansLife TablesMaleMiddle AgedMortalityMyocardial InfarctionPatient Education as TopicPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsPrevalenceProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesPyridinesRegistriesSirolimusStentsSurvival AnalysisThrombosisTiclopidineTreatment OutcomeTreatment RefusalConceptsDrug-eluting stentsThienopyridine therapyMI patientsMyocardial infarctionCardiac rehabilitation referralUse of thienopyridinesAcute myocardial infarctionPremature discontinuationDES placementRehabilitation referralHospitalization ratesStent thrombosisDischarge instructionsStent placementCardiovascular diseaseSubsequent mortalityPatientsDES treatmentTherapyHealth careMonthsThienopyridinesMortalityPrevalenceDays
2005
Relation of Anemia at Discharge to Survival After Acute Coronary Syndromes
Vaglio J, Safley DM, Rahman M, Kosiborod M, Jones P, Thompson R, Krumholz HM, Spertus JA. Relation of Anemia at Discharge to Survival After Acute Coronary Syndromes. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2005, 96: 496-499. PMID: 16098299, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.04.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAnemiaAngina, UnstableBiomarkersCause of DeathCoronary AngiographyDisease ProgressionElectrocardiographyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHematocritHumansMaleMiddle AgedMissouriMyocardial InfarctionPatient DischargePrognosisProspective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexSurvival RateTime FactorsTroponin