2018
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Longer-term Outcomes Among Emergency General Surgery Patients
Zogg CK, Jiang W, Ottesen TD, Shafi S, Schuster K, Becher R, Davis KA, Haider AH. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Longer-term Outcomes Among Emergency General Surgery Patients. Annals Of Surgery 2018, 268: 968-979. PMID: 28742704, PMCID: PMC5783796, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002449.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmergency general surgery patientsNon-Hispanic whitesGeneral surgery patientsLong-term outcomesNon-Hispanic blacksNon-Hispanic AsiansMinority patientsMajor morbidityUnplanned readmissionSurgery patientsOlder adultsRisk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards modelsEthnic disparitiesCox proportional hazards modelDiagnostic categoriesRacial/Ethnic DisparitiesUS population agesProportional hazards modelNHB patientsNonagenarian patientsNHW patientsBACKGROUND DATAHospital's percentageMortality differencesMedicare data
2017
Universal Health Insurance and its association with long term outcomes in Pediatric Trauma Patients
Sharma M, Schoenfeld AJ, Jiang W, Chaudhary MA, Ranjit A, Zogg CK, Learn P, Koehlmoos T, Haider AH. Universal Health Insurance and its association with long term outcomes in Pediatric Trauma Patients. Injury 2017, 49: 75-81. PMID: 28965684, DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.09.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsChildChild, PreschoolDelivery of Health CareEthnicityFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth Services AccessibilityHealthcare DisparitiesHumansInjury Severity ScoreInsurance, HealthLength of StayLongitudinal StudiesMaleMedicarePatient DischargeRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesUniversal Health InsuranceWounds and InjuriesConceptsPediatric trauma patientsTrauma patientsInjury Severity ScorePediatric trauma populationAcute care servicesLong-term outcomesMost common injuriesPost-discharge careLongitudinal cohort studyCohort studyDischarge careReadmission ratesWhite patientsInjury characteristicsOutpatient visitsTerm outcomesTrauma populationCommon injuriesSeverity scoreSevere traumaOutpatient servicesTrauma diagnosisPatientsCare servicesUniversal insuranceThe Need to Consider Longer-term Outcomes of Care
Zogg CK, Olufajo OA, Jiang W, Bystricky A, Scott JW, Shafi S, Havens JM, Salim A, Schoenfeld AJ, Haider AH. The Need to Consider Longer-term Outcomes of Care. Annals Of Surgery 2017, 266: 66-75. PMID: 28140382, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001932.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedBlack or African AmericanCaliforniaEmergency Service, HospitalHealthcare DisparitiesHispanic or LatinoHospital MortalityHumansIncomeInsurance CoverageInsurance, HealthLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CarePatient ReadmissionPostoperative ComplicationsProportional Hazards ModelsSurgical Procedures, OperativeSurvival AnalysisWhite PeopleYoung AdultConceptsLong-term outcomesNon-Hispanic blacksUnplanned readmissionMajor morbidityWhite patientsMinority patientsEthnic disparitiesEmergency general surgery patientsCalifornia State Inpatient DatabaseCox proportional hazards modelDiagnostic categoriesOlder adultsGeneral surgery patientsState Inpatient DatabasesProportional hazards modelRisk-adjusted differencesHispanic older adultsEGS patientsEGS volumeReadmission trendsSurgery patientsSurgical patientsHospital proportionInpatient DatabasePostacute phase
2016
Race-based differences in duration of stay among universally insured coronary artery bypass graft patients in military versus civilian hospitals
Chowdhury R, Davis WA, Chaudhary MA, Jiang W, Zogg CK, Schoenfeld AJ, Jaklitsch MT, Kaneko T, Learn PA, Haider AH, Schneider EB. Race-based differences in duration of stay among universally insured coronary artery bypass graft patients in military versus civilian hospitals. Surgery 2016, 161: 1090-1099. PMID: 27932028, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.10.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedBlack or African AmericanCohort StudiesConfidence IntervalsCoronary Artery BypassCoronary Artery DiseaseDatabases, FactualFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHospital MortalityHospitals, MilitaryHospitals, PublicHumansLength of StayMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRegression AnalysisRisk AssessmentSurvival AnalysisTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesUniversal Health InsuranceWhite PeopleConceptsCoronary artery bypass graftArtery bypass graftCoronary artery bypass graft patientsDuration of stayBypass graft patientsBypass graftRace-based differencesGraft patientsBlack patientsMilitary HospitalCivilian hospitalsHospital-level factorsEligible patientsWhite patientsMale patientsCivilian facilitiesWhite racePatientsStayTRICARE coverageNegative binomial regressionHospitalApparent mitigationGraftGreater durationDifferential access to care: The role of age, insurance, and income on race/ethnicity-related disparities in adult perforated appendix admission rates
Zogg CK, Scott JW, Jiang W, Wolf LL, Haider AH. Differential access to care: The role of age, insurance, and income on race/ethnicity-related disparities in adult perforated appendix admission rates. Surgery 2016, 160: 1145-1154. PMID: 27486003, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.06.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAge FactorsAppendicitisConfidence IntervalsEthnicityFemaleHealth Care SurveysHealth Services AccessibilityHealthcare DisparitiesHumansIncomeInsurance CoverageMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioOutcome Assessment, Health CarePatient AdmissionRacial GroupsRisk AssessmentRoleUnited StatesYoung AdultConceptsAcute appendicitisAdmission ratesLack of differenceNationwide Inpatient SampleRisk-adjusted differencesUnited States populationRace/ethnicityPediatric studiesInpatient SampleWorse outcomesMinority patientsBetter outcomesUniversal insurancePatientsEthnic disparitiesLogistic regressionRole of ageEthnic inequitiesHealthcare ResearchAge incrementsOlder adultsAdultsDisparate outcomesEthnic differencesAppendicitisSurgical Disparities: A Comprehensive Review and New Conceptual Framework
Torain MJ, Maragh-Bass AC, Dankwa-Mullen I, Hisam B, Kodadek LM, Lilley EJ, Najjar P, Changoor NR, Rose JA, Zogg CK, Maddox YT, Britt LD, Haider AH. Surgical Disparities: A Comprehensive Review and New Conceptual Framework. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2016, 223: 408-418. PMID: 27296524, DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.04.047.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsSetting a National Agenda for Surgical Disparities Research: Recommendations From the National Institutes of Health and American College of Surgeons Summit
Haider AH, Dankwa-Mullan I, Maragh-Bass AC, Torain M, Zogg CK, Lilley EJ, Kodadek LM, Changoor NR, Najjar P, Rose JA, Ford HR, Salim A, Stain SC, Shafi S, Sutton B, Hoyt D, Maddox YT, Britt LD. Setting a National Agenda for Surgical Disparities Research: Recommendations From the National Institutes of Health and American College of Surgeons Summit. JAMA Surgery 2016, 151: 554-63. PMID: 26982380, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.0014.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsBiomedical ResearchCultural CompetencyHealth Services AccessibilityHealthcare DisparitiesHumansNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)Physician-Patient RelationsPostoperative CarePractice Patterns, Physicians'Quality of Health CareSocieties, MedicalSocioeconomic FactorsSurgical Procedures, OperativeUnited StatesConceptsAmerican CollegeSurgical disparitiesNational InstituteCare perspectiveRehabilitation-related factorsMultiple surgical proceduresDisparities researchPatient-clinician communicationHealth-National InstituteHealth care disparitiesPatient care perspectivePostoperative careAcute interventionAfrican American individualsMinority patientsSurgical proceduresLong-term effectsMortality riskCare disparitiesTop research prioritiesResearch prioritiesPatient centerednessGeographic disparitiesMinority HealthClinical qualityUS Surgeons’ Perceptions of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health Care : A Cross-sectional Study
Britton BV, Nagarajan N, Zogg CK, Selvarajah S, Torain MJ, Salim A, Haider AH. US Surgeons’ Perceptions of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health Care : A Cross-sectional Study. JAMA Surgery 2016, 151: 582-4. PMID: 26818695, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4901.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRacial disparities in emergency general surgery
Zogg CK, Jiang W, Chaudhary MA, Scott JW, Shah AA, Lipsitz SR, Weissman JS, Cooper Z, Salim A, Nitzschke SL, Nguyen LL, Helmchen LA, Kimsey L, Olaiya ST, Learn PA, Haider AH. Racial disparities in emergency general surgery. Journal Of Trauma And Acute Care Surgery 2016, 80: 764-777. PMID: 26958790, DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultBlack or African AmericanEmergency MedicineFemaleGeneral SurgeryHealthcare DisparitiesHospitals, GeneralHospitals, MilitaryHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMilitary PersonnelNational Health Insurance, United StatesRetrospective StudiesSurgical Procedures, OperativeUnited StatesWhite PeopleWounds and InjuriesYoung AdultConceptsRisk-adjusted survival analysisMinority patientsSurvival analysisEmergency general surgery patientsRacial disparitiesGeneral surgery patientsSurgery-related morbidityLong-term outcomesRace-associated differencesEGS careTRICARE dataWorse mortalityMajor morbidityOperative interventionSurgery patientsWhite patientsEGS conditionsReadmission outcomesEffect modificationSurgical careDay outcomesPatientsCivilian hospitalsDiagnostic categoriesCareInequalities in Specialist Hand Surgeon Distribution across the United States
Rios-Diaz AJ, Metcalfe D, Singh M, Zogg CK, Olufajo OA, Ramos MS, Caterson EJ, Talbot SG. Inequalities in Specialist Hand Surgeon Distribution across the United States. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2016, 137: 1516-1522. PMID: 27119925, DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002103.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpecialist hand surgeonsHand surgeonsTrauma admissionsRisk-adjusted generalized linear modelsDensity of surgeonsState Inpatient DatabasesMedical specialty databasesFellowship positionsInpatient DatabaseIndependent associationHospital specialistsTrauma careGeneral surgeonsEmergency careHealthcare costsOrthopaedic surgeonsSurgeon densitySurgeonsAdmissionPlastic surgeonsSubspecialty certificateUnited StatesSpecialty databasesAmerican BoardCareAccess to post-discharge inpatient care after lower limb trauma
Metcalfe D, Davis WA, Olufajo OA, Rios-Diaz AJ, Chaudhary MA, Harris MB, Zogg CK, Weaver MJ, Salim A. Access to post-discharge inpatient care after lower limb trauma. Journal Of Surgical Research 2016, 203: 140-144. PMID: 27338544, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLength of stayHospital LOSLower limb traumaLimb traumaInsurance statusUninsured patientsInpatient careLonger hospital LOSCalifornia State Inpatient DatabaseState Inpatient DatabasesLower limb injuriesNon-acute servicesAcute hospitalizationHospital dischargeInpatient DatabaseHospital characteristicsTrauma bedsClinical ModificationLimb injuriesObservational studyLower oddsEmergency careInternational ClassificationPatientsPrivate insurance
2015
Analgesic Access for Acute Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Patients
Shah AA, Zogg CK, Zafar SN, Schneider EB, Cooper LA, Chapital AB, Peterson SM, Havens JM, Thorpe RJ, Roter DL, Castillo RC, Salim A, Haider AH. Analgesic Access for Acute Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Patients. Medical Care 2015, 53: 1000-1009. PMID: 26569642, DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000444.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAbdominal PainAcute PainAdolescentAdultAgedAnalgesicsBlack or African AmericanDiagnostic Techniques and ProceduresEmergency Service, HospitalEthnicityFemaleHealth Care SurveysHealthcare DisparitiesHispanic or LatinoHospitalizationHumansLength of StayMaleMiddle AgedNarcoticsRacial GroupsResidence CharacteristicsRetrospective StudiesSocioeconomic FactorsTime FactorsWhite PeopleYoung AdultConceptsAcute abdominal painLower risk-adjusted oddsRisk-adjusted oddsAbdominal painRace/ethnicityEmergency departmentMinority patientsEthnic disparitiesNontraumatic acute abdominal painRisk-adjusted multivariable analysisNon-Hispanic black patientsNon-Hispanic white patientsRace/ethnicity-based differencesEthnic group patientsModerate-severe painPatient-reported painPatients 18 yearsProportion of patientsSubsequent inpatient admissionSurgery of TraumaRisk-adjusted differencesED wait timesNon-Hispanic blacksEthnic minority patientsUniform definitionAwareness of racial/ethnic disparities in surgical outcomes and care: factors affecting acknowledgment and action
Britton BV, Nagarajan N, Zogg CK, Selvarajah S, Schupper AJ, Kironji AG, Lwin AT, Cerullo M, Salim A, Haider AH. Awareness of racial/ethnic disparities in surgical outcomes and care: factors affecting acknowledgment and action. The American Journal Of Surgery 2015, 212: 102-108.e2. PMID: 26522774, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.07.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcademic Medical CentersAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelAwarenessEthnicityFemaleHealth Care SurveysHealthcare DisparitiesHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CareRacial GroupsRisk AssessmentSurgeonsSurgical Procedures, OperativeSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesFrom understanding to action: interventions for surgical disparities
Hisam B, Zogg CK, Chaudhary MA, Ahmed A, Khan H, Selvarajah S, Torain MJ, Changoor NR, Haider AH. From understanding to action: interventions for surgical disparities. Journal Of Surgical Research 2015, 200: 560-578. PMID: 26526625, DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.09.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCultural CompetencyEthnicityHealth Services AccessibilityHealthcare DisparitiesHumansQuality ImprovementSurgical Procedures, OperativeUnited StatesConceptsSurgical disparitiesCombination of patientQuality improvement initiativesHealth care disparitiesDoctor-patient communicationSystem-level factorsField of surgeryCochrane LibraryCare disparitiesMultiple interventionsUnderstanding of disparitiesSuccessful alleviationImprovement initiativesInterventionSurgeryForm of interventionPossible interventionsDisparitiesRacial disparities in surgical outcomes: Does the level of resident surgeon play a role?
Changoor NR, Ortega G, Ekladios M, Zogg CK, Cornwell EE, Haider AH. Racial disparities in surgical outcomes: Does the level of resident surgeon play a role? Surgery 2015, 158: 547-555. PMID: 26003906, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.046.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAppendectomyCholecystectomy, LaparoscopicClinical CompetenceDatabases, FactualEthnicityFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHerniorrhaphyHumansInternship and ResidencyLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CarePostoperative ComplicationsRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesWhite PeopleConceptsBlack patientsSurgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databaseNational Surgical Quality Improvement Program databaseGreater risk-adjusted oddsQuality Improvement Program databaseImprovement Program databaseRisk-adjusted oddsMultivariable logistic regressionOpen hernia repairSurgical residentsHigher likelihoodLevels of providersJunior residentsSenior residentsPresence/levelLaparoscopic appendectomyMinor complicationsPatient demographicsPostoperative outcomesSurgical disparitiesHispanic patientsLaparoscopic cholecystectomySurgical outcomesWorse outcomesProgram databaseUnconscious Race and Class Biases among Registered Nurses: Vignette-Based Study Using Implicit Association Testing
Haider AH, Schneider EB, Sriram N, Scott VK, Swoboda SM, Zogg CK, Dhiman N, Haut ER, Efron DT, Pronovost PJ, Freischlag JA, Lipsett PA, Cornwell EE, MacKenzie EJ, Cooper LA. Unconscious Race and Class Biases among Registered Nurses: Vignette-Based Study Using Implicit Association Testing. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2015, 220: 1077-1086.e3. PMID: 25998083, DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.01.065.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRacial/ethnic disparities in emergency general surgery: explained by hospital-level characteristics?
Hall EC, Hashmi ZG, Zafar SN, Zogg CK, Cornwell EE, Haider AH. Racial/ethnic disparities in emergency general surgery: explained by hospital-level characteristics? The American Journal Of Surgery 2015, 209: 604-609. PMID: 25683233, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.11.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmergency general surgeryHospital-level factorsEGS patientsHigher oddsGeneral surgeryEthnic disparitiesHospital-level characteristicsOdds of deathMultivariable logistic regressionNationwide Inpatient SampleAfrican AmericansHospital admissionAA patientsCaucasian patientsInpatient SamplePatientsLogistic regressionEthnic differencesDeathSurgeryOddsHospitalOverall disparityOutcomesDisparities