2022
Reconceptualizing high-quality emergency general surgery care: Non–mortality-based quality metrics enable meaningful and consistent assessment
Zogg CK, Staudenmayer KL, Kodadek LM, Davis KA. Reconceptualizing high-quality emergency general surgery care: Non–mortality-based quality metrics enable meaningful and consistent assessment. Journal Of Trauma And Acute Care Surgery 2022, 94: 68-77. PMID: 36245079, PMCID: PMC9805506, DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003818.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmergency general surgeryHospital-level factorsEGS conditionsEmergency general surgery careOlder adultsNationwide Readmissions DatabaseComplex older adultsSurgery of TraumaGeneral surgery careQuality improvement initiativesOlder adult populationEGS careEGS hospitalsEGS patientsPatient frailtySurgery careGeneral surgeryHospitalLevel IIIAdult populationCohortPatientsComplex adultCareAdults
2020
Dear Program, What I Wish You Would Do: Applicants’ Concerns About and Suggestions for Applying to Surgical Residency During COVID-19
Zogg CK, Stein SL. Dear Program, What I Wish You Would Do: Applicants’ Concerns About and Suggestions for Applying to Surgical Residency During COVID-19. Annals Of Surgery 2020, 273: e85-e87. PMID: 33351469, PMCID: PMC7869968, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004685.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCareer ChoiceCOVID-19General SurgeryHumansInternship and ResidencySchool Admission CriteriaHospital Variation in Geriatric Surgical Safety for Emergency Operation
Becher RD, Sukumar N, DeWane MP, Stolar MJ, Gill TM, Schuster KM, Maung AA, Zogg CK, Davis KA. Hospital Variation in Geriatric Surgical Safety for Emergency Operation. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2020, 230: 966-973.e10. PMID: 32032720, PMCID: PMC7409563, DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.10.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStandardized mortality ratioHospital-level characteristicsGeneral surgery operationsGeriatric patientsEmergency operationHospital variationEmergency general surgery operationsMean standardized mortality ratioCalifornia State Inpatient DatabaseHospital-based mortalitySignificant hospital variationPatients 65 yearsSubstantial excess mortalitySurgery operationsState Inpatient DatabasesMixed effects logistic regression modelsCommon general surgery operationsLow-mortality outliersLogistic regression modelsPostoperative mortalityHospital deathOlder patientsInpatient DatabaseMortality outcomesNonelective operations
2018
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Longer-term Outcomes Among Emergency General Surgery Patients
Zogg CK, Jiang W, Ottesen TD, Shafi S, Schuster K, Becher R, Davis KA, Haider AH. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Longer-term Outcomes Among Emergency General Surgery Patients. Annals Of Surgery 2018, 268: 968-979. PMID: 28742704, PMCID: PMC5783796, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002449.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmergency general surgery patientsNon-Hispanic whitesGeneral surgery patientsLong-term outcomesNon-Hispanic blacksNon-Hispanic AsiansMinority patientsMajor morbidityUnplanned readmissionSurgery patientsOlder adultsRisk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards modelsEthnic disparitiesCox proportional hazards modelDiagnostic categoriesRacial/Ethnic DisparitiesUS population agesProportional hazards modelNHB patientsNonagenarian patientsNHW patientsBACKGROUND DATAHospital's percentageMortality differencesMedicare dataDisparate outcomes of global emergency surgery - A matched comparison of patients in developed and under—developed healthcare settings
Shah AA, Zogg CK, Rehman A, Latif A, Zafar H, Shakoor A, Wasif N, Chapital AB, Riviello R, Ashfaq A, Williams M, Cornwell EE, Haider AH. Disparate outcomes of global emergency surgery - A matched comparison of patients in developed and under—developed healthcare settings. The American Journal Of Surgery 2018, 215: 1029-1036. PMID: 29807633, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.05.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAga Khan University HospitalPakistani patientsUS Nationwide Inpatient SampleHealthcare settingsUrban-teaching hospitalsRisk-adjusted oddsComparison of patientsNationwide Inpatient SampleRisk-adjusted differencesGlobal health policy developmentHealth system strengtheningDiverse healthcare settingsHealth policy developmentReported morbidityMajor morbidityEmergency surgeryRural patientsUniversity HospitalInpatient SampleGeneralized-linear modelSurgical careMortality differencesPatientsHealthcare systemDisparate outcomes
2017
A Faculty-Student Mentoring Program to Enhance Collaboration in Public Health Research in Surgery.
Smart BJ, Haring RS, Zogg CK, Diener-West M, Schneider EB, Haider AH, Haut ER. A Faculty-Student Mentoring Program to Enhance Collaboration in Public Health Research in Surgery. JAMA Surgery 2017, 152: 306-308. PMID: 27973649, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4629.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2016
Insurance status is associated with complex presentation among emergency general surgery patients
Scott JW, Havens JM, Wolf LL, Zogg CK, Rose JA, Salim A, Haider AH. Insurance status is associated with complex presentation among emergency general surgery patients. Surgery 2016, 161: 320-328. PMID: 27712875, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.08.038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultDatabases, FactualEmergency Service, HospitalEmergency TreatmentFemaleGeneral SurgeryHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInsurance CoverageLogistic ModelsMaleMedically UninsuredMiddle AgedOdds RatioOutcome Assessment, Health CarePatient Protection and Affordable Care ActPatient SafetyRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultConceptsInsurance statusComplex presentationSurgical presentationUninsured patientsEmergency general surgical careEmergency general surgical conditionsEmergency general surgical patientsEmergency general surgery patientsNational Emergency Department SampleHospital-level covariatesOverall uninsured rateUninsured payer statusGeneral surgery patientsGeneral surgical patientsGeneral surgical conditionsIntra-abdominal abscessMultivariable logistic regressionEmergency Department SampleDisease-specific measuresSeverity of diseaseLack of insuranceGeneral surgical careIntestinal gangreneBowel obstructionGeneralized peritonitisUse of National Burden to Define Operative Emergency General Surgery
Scott JW, Olufajo OA, Brat GA, Rose JA, Zogg CK, Haider AH, Salim A, Havens JM. Use of National Burden to Define Operative Emergency General Surgery. JAMA Surgery 2016, 151: e160480-e160480. PMID: 27120712, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.0480.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmergency general surgeryEGS proceduresInpatient costsNational burdenGeneral surgeryClinical Modification procedure codesPrimary EGS diagnosesDay of admissionOverall mortality ratePeptic ulcer diseaseSmall bowel resectionNational Inpatient SampleNational quality benchmarksHospital mortalityMost admissionsSurgical admissionsSurgical mortalityComplication burdenComplication rateMajor complicationsPartial colectomyRetrospective reviewUlcer diseaseEGS diagnosesNinth RevisionRacial disparities in emergency general surgery
Zogg CK, Jiang W, Chaudhary MA, Scott JW, Shah AA, Lipsitz SR, Weissman JS, Cooper Z, Salim A, Nitzschke SL, Nguyen LL, Helmchen LA, Kimsey L, Olaiya ST, Learn PA, Haider AH. Racial disparities in emergency general surgery. Journal Of Trauma And Acute Care Surgery 2016, 80: 764-777. PMID: 26958790, DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultBlack or African AmericanEmergency MedicineFemaleGeneral SurgeryHealthcare DisparitiesHospitals, GeneralHospitals, MilitaryHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMilitary PersonnelNational Health Insurance, United StatesRetrospective StudiesSurgical Procedures, OperativeUnited StatesWhite PeopleWounds and InjuriesYoung AdultConceptsRisk-adjusted survival analysisMinority patientsSurvival analysisEmergency general surgery patientsRacial disparitiesGeneral surgery patientsSurgery-related morbidityLong-term outcomesRace-associated differencesEGS careTRICARE dataWorse mortalityMajor morbidityOperative interventionSurgery patientsWhite patientsEGS conditionsReadmission outcomesEffect modificationSurgical careDay outcomesPatientsCivilian hospitalsDiagnostic categoriesCareInequalities in Specialist Hand Surgeon Distribution across the United States
Rios-Diaz AJ, Metcalfe D, Singh M, Zogg CK, Olufajo OA, Ramos MS, Caterson EJ, Talbot SG. Inequalities in Specialist Hand Surgeon Distribution across the United States. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2016, 137: 1516-1522. PMID: 27119925, DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002103.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpecialist hand surgeonsHand surgeonsTrauma admissionsRisk-adjusted generalized linear modelsDensity of surgeonsState Inpatient DatabasesMedical specialty databasesFellowship positionsInpatient DatabaseIndependent associationHospital specialistsTrauma careGeneral surgeonsEmergency careHealthcare costsOrthopaedic surgeonsSurgeon densitySurgeonsAdmissionPlastic surgeonsSubspecialty certificateUnited StatesSpecialty databasesAmerican BoardCareNever giving up: outcomes and presentation of emergency general surgery in geriatric octogenarian and nonagenarian patients
Shah AA, Zafar SN, Kodadek LM, Zogg CK, Chapital AB, Iqbal A, Greene WR, Cornwell EE, Havens J, Nitzschke S, Cooper Z, Salim A, Haider AH. Never giving up: outcomes and presentation of emergency general surgery in geriatric octogenarian and nonagenarian patients. The American Journal Of Surgery 2016, 212: 211-220.e3. PMID: 27086200, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.01.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLength of stayNonagenarian patientsYoung adultsUtilization Project Nationwide Inpatient SampleLower total hospital costsEmergency general surgery patientsShorter LOSLower risk-adjusted oddsOlder adultsPrimary EGS diagnosesEmergency general surgeryGeneral surgery patientsRisk-adjusted oddsTotal hospital costsHigher mortality riskRisk-adjusted differencesGastrostomy careMajor morbidityOlder patientsSurgery patientsEGS diagnosesInpatient SampleHospital costsHigher oddsGeneral surgeryInfluence of sub-specialty surgical care on outcomes for pediatric emergency general surgery patients in a low-middle income country
Shah AA, Shakoor A, Zogg CK, Oyetunji T, Ashfaq A, Garvey EM, Latif A, Riviello R, Qureshi FG, Mateen A, Haider AH, Zafar H. Influence of sub-specialty surgical care on outcomes for pediatric emergency general surgery patients in a low-middle income country. International Journal Of Surgery 2016, 29: 12-18. PMID: 26971828, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.03.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAsia, SoutheasternChildChild, PreschoolDeveloping CountriesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleGeneral SurgeryHealth ResourcesHospital MortalityHumansLength of StayMaleOutcome Assessment, Health CarePakistanPediatric Emergency MedicinePostoperative ComplicationsRetrospective StudiesConceptsLength of stayPediatric patientsPediatric surgeryPediatric surgeonsEmergency general surgical conditionsHigher risk-adjusted oddsEmergency general surgery patientsBetter post-operative outcomesAverage LOSAdult general surgeonsAdult general surgeryGeneral surgery patientsGeneral surgical teamRisk-adjusted oddsGeneral surgical conditionsGeneral surgery teamPost-operative outcomesMultivariable regression analysisPediatric surgical specialtiesChildren/adolescentsResource-constrained settingsResource-limited settingsLow-middle income countriesMost patientsSurgery patientsEvaluation of the Perceived Association Between Resident Turnover and the Outcomes of Patients Who Undergo Emergency General Surgery: Questioning the July Phenomenon
Shah AA, Zogg CK, Nitzschke SL, Changoor NR, Havens JM, Salim A, Cooper Z, Haider AH. Evaluation of the Perceived Association Between Resident Turnover and the Outcomes of Patients Who Undergo Emergency General Surgery: Questioning the July Phenomenon. JAMA Surgery 2016, 151: 1-8. PMID: 26536282, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.3940.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overEducation, Medical, GraduateEmergenciesFemaleGeneral SurgeryHospital MortalityHospitals, TeachingHumansLength of StayMaleMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CarePersonnel TurnoverPropensity ScoreRetrospective StudiesSeasonsUnited StatesWorkforceYoung AdultConceptsEmergency general surgeryTotal hospital costsLength of stayJuly phenomenonEGS patientsEGS conditionsHospital costsTeaching hospitalGeneral surgeryLower risk-adjusted oddsOutcomes of patientsRisk-adjusted oddsNationwide Inpatient SampleSurgery of TraumaHospital mortalityAdult patientsEarly patientsPoor outcomeInpatient SamplePrincipal diagnosisRetrospective analysisMAIN OUTCOMEMultivariable regressionPatientsPropensity score
2015
Emergency general surgery in a low-middle income health care setting: Determinants of outcomes
Shah AA, Latif A, Zogg CK, Zafar SN, Riviello R, Halim MS, Rehman Z, Haider AH, Zafar H. Emergency general surgery in a low-middle income health care setting: Determinants of outcomes. Surgery 2015, 159: 641-649. PMID: 26361098, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.08.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDeveloping CountriesEmergenciesFemaleGeneral SurgeryHospital MortalityHospitals, TeachingHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisOutcome Assessment, Health CarePakistanPostoperative ComplicationsSurgical Procedures, OperativeYoung AdultConceptsEmergency general surgeryHealth care settingsEGS conditionsCare settingsGeneral surgeryNeed of resuscitationPrimary International ClassificationClinical Modification diagnosisCase-mix factorsSoft tissue disordersUniversity Teaching HospitalDeterminants of outcomeSurgery of TraumaRate of deathHigh-income settingsAmerican AssociationHospital mortalityIndependent predictorsMale preponderanceMultivariable analysisBiliary diseaseColorectal diseaseOperative careDisease spectrumTeaching hospitalGeriatric emergency general surgery: Survival and outcomes in a low-middle income country
Shah AA, Haider AH, Riviello R, Zogg CK, Zafar SN, Latif A, Diaz A, Rehman Z, Zafar H. Geriatric emergency general surgery: Survival and outcomes in a low-middle income country. Surgery 2015, 158: 562-569. PMID: 25999249, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.045.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmergency general surgery conditionsGreater oddsGeriatric patientsSurgery conditionsEmergency general surgical conditionsGreater risk-adjusted oddsOlder adultsRisk-adjusted oddsClinical Modification diagnosisGeneral surgical conditionsPeptic ulcer diseaseSurgery of TraumaMultivariable regression analysisCase-mix dataYears of ageHealth care settingsLow-middle income countriesCause mortalityGastrointestinal bleedingHospital stayAdult patientsOperative interventionYounger patientsMajor complicationsUlcer diseaseNational estimates of predictors of outcomes for emergency general surgery
Shah AA, Haider AH, Zogg CK, Schwartz DA, Haut ER, Zafar SN, Schneider EB, Velopulos CG, Shafi S, Zafar H, Efron DT. National estimates of predictors of outcomes for emergency general surgery. Journal Of Trauma And Acute Care Surgery 2015, 78: 482-491. PMID: 25710417, DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000555.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmergency general surgeryEGS patientsMajor complicationsGeneral surgeryMultivariate logistic regression analysisOverall complication ratePredictors of mortalityClinical Modification codesOverall mortality rateNationwide Inpatient SampleSeparate multivariate logistic regression analysesSurgery of TraumaDRG International ClassificationLogistic regression analysisHighest income quartileHospital complicationsHospital mortalityComplication ratePatient demographicsSurgical complicationsIndependent predictorsPrimary outcomeEGS conditionsMean ageInpatient SampleRacial/ethnic disparities in emergency general surgery: explained by hospital-level characteristics?
Hall EC, Hashmi ZG, Zafar SN, Zogg CK, Cornwell EE, Haider AH. Racial/ethnic disparities in emergency general surgery: explained by hospital-level characteristics? The American Journal Of Surgery 2015, 209: 604-609. PMID: 25683233, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.11.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmergency general surgeryHospital-level factorsEGS patientsHigher oddsGeneral surgeryEthnic disparitiesHospital-level characteristicsOdds of deathMultivariable logistic regressionNationwide Inpatient SampleAfrican AmericansHospital admissionAA patientsCaucasian patientsInpatient SamplePatientsLogistic regressionEthnic differencesDeathSurgeryOddsHospitalOverall disparityOutcomesDisparities