2017
Reciprocal regulation of ARPP-16 by PKA and MAST3 kinases provides a cAMP-regulated switch in protein phosphatase 2A inhibition
Musante V, Li L, Kanyo J, Lam TT, Colangelo CM, Cheng SK, Brody AH, Greengard P, Le Novère N, Nairn AC. Reciprocal regulation of ARPP-16 by PKA and MAST3 kinases provides a cAMP-regulated switch in protein phosphatase 2A inhibition. ELife 2017, 6: e24998. PMID: 28613156, PMCID: PMC5515580, DOI: 10.7554/elife.24998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsARPP-16ARPP-19Protein phosphatase 2A inhibitionProtein phosphatase PP2A.Inhibition of PP2ASwitch-like responseKinase inhibitsPhosphatase PP2A.Regulatory interactionsPKA phosphorylationAntagonistic interplayReciprocal regulationBasal phosphorylationPhosphorylationMAST3PP2APKAENSAKinaseStriatal signalingPP2A.Multiple sitesInhibitionMitosisSignalingARPP-16 Is a Striatal-Enriched Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulated by Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase 3 (Mast 3 Kinase)
Andrade EC, Musante V, Horiuchi A, Matsuzaki H, Brody AH, Wu T, Greengard P, Taylor JR, Nairn AC. ARPP-16 Is a Striatal-Enriched Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulated by Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase 3 (Mast 3 Kinase). Journal Of Neuroscience 2017, 37: 2709-2722. PMID: 28167675, PMCID: PMC5354324, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4559-15.2017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerine/threonine protein phosphataseSerine/threonine kinase 3Threonine protein phosphataseARPP-16Protein phosphataseKinase 3Protein phosphatase 2AProtein kinase A (PKA) signalingSmall acid-soluble proteinsKinase A SignalingAcid-soluble proteinsActivation of PKAPP2A substratesPhosphatase 2AARPP-16/19Heterotrimeric formMarked dephosphorylationSignal transductionSelective inhibitorPP2AA SignalingUnknown functionStriatal medium spiny neuronsMedium spiny neuronsSer46
2001
Regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and casein kinase 1 by metabotropic glutamate receptors
Liu F, Ma X, Ule J, Bibb J, Nishi A, DeMaggio A, Yan Z, Nairn A, Greengard P. Regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and casein kinase 1 by metabotropic glutamate receptors. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2001, 98: 11062-11068. PMID: 11572969, PMCID: PMC58683, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.191353898.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCalcium ChannelsCasein KinasesCyclin-Dependent Kinase 5Cyclin-Dependent KinasesDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Enzyme InhibitorsIn Vitro TechniquesKineticsMaleMembrane PotentialsMethoxyhydroxyphenylglycolMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeostriatumNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationPhosphoserinePhosphothreonineProtein KinasesReceptors, Metabotropic GlutamateConceptsCasein kinase 1Cyclin-dependent kinase 5Ser-137Thr-75CK1 activityKinase 1Kinase 5DARPP-32Regulation of Cdk5Neuronal protein kinaseActivation of Cdk5Cellular functionsProtein kinaseDNA repairEnhanced phosphorylationFirst messengersCdk5 activitySpecific inhibitorCdk5Effects of DHPGMetabotropic glutamate receptorsNeurite outgrowthIC261Glutamate receptorsDHPG-induced increaseARPP‐16/ARPP‐19: a highly conserved family of cAMP‐regulated phosphoproteins
Dulubova I, Horiuchi A, Snyder G, Girault J, Czernik A, Shao L, Ramabhadran R, Greengard P, Nairn A. ARPP‐16/ARPP‐19: a highly conserved family of cAMP‐regulated phosphoproteins. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2001, 77: 229-238. DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00191.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCHO CellsConserved SequenceCorpus StriatumCricetinaeCyclic AMPCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesHumansIn Vitro TechniquesMaleMiceMultigene FamilyOrgan SpecificityPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationProtein IsoformsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Dopamine D1Receptors, Dopamine D2Sequence Homology, Amino AcidConceptsProtein kinase AARPP-19ARPP-16Family of cAMPImportant cellular functionsActivation of PKAIsoform-specific antibodiesYeast genomeD. melanogasterC. elegansProtein familyCellular functionsNon-neuronal cellsSignal transductionConsensus sitesKinase ARelated proteinsΑ-endosulfinePhosphorylated formIntact cellsIntracellular messengerBi-directional regulationDopamine receptorsFamily membersPhosphorylationLetter to the Editor: Backbone 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments of ARPP-19
Huang H, Chen Y, Horiuchi A, Tsai L, Liu H, Chyan C, Hsieh M, Liu C, Lin F, Greengard P, Nairn A, Shiao M, Lin T. Letter to the Editor: Backbone 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments of ARPP-19. Journal Of Biomolecular NMR 2001, 19: 383-384. PMID: 11370788, DOI: 10.1023/a:1011214512601.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchARPP-16/ARPP-19: a highly conserved family of cAMP-regulated phosphoproteins.
Dulubova I, Horiuchi A, Snyder G, Girault J, Czernik A, Shao L, Ramabhadran R, Greengard P, Nairn A. ARPP-16/ARPP-19: a highly conserved family of cAMP-regulated phosphoproteins. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2001, 77: 229-38. PMID: 11279279, DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.t01-1-00191.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCHO CellsConserved SequenceCorpus StriatumCricetinaeCyclic AMPCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesHumansIn Vitro TechniquesMaleMiceMultigene FamilyOrgan SpecificityPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationProtein IsoformsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Dopamine D1Receptors, Dopamine D2Sequence Homology, Amino AcidConceptsProtein kinase AARPP-19ARPP-16Family of cAMPImportant cellular functionsActivation of PKAIsoform-specific antibodiesYeast genomeD. melanogasterC. elegansProtein familyCellular functionsNon-neuronal cellsSignal transductionConsensus sitesType dopamine receptorsKinase ARelated proteinsPhosphorylated formIntact cellsDopamine receptorsIntracellular messengerBi-directional regulationFamily membersPhosphorylationTARPP, a novel protein that accompanies TCR gene rearrangement and thymocyte education
Kisielow J, Nairn A, Karjalainen K. TARPP, a novel protein that accompanies TCR gene rearrangement and thymocyte education. European Journal Of Immunology 2001, 31: 1141-1149. PMID: 11298339, DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200104)31:4<1141::aid-immu1141>3.0.co;2-r.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAgingAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntibodiesBase SequenceCD3 ComplexCell DifferentiationCell LineageCells, CulturedCloning, MolecularDown-RegulationFlow CytometryGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGene Rearrangement, T-LymphocyteMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMolecular Sequence DataMolecular WeightPhosphoproteinsProtein Phosphatase 1Receptors, Antigen, T-CellRNA, MessengerSignal TransductionThymus GlandProtein phosphatase 1 regulation by inhibitors and targeting subunits
Watanabe T, Huang H, Horiuchi A, da Cruze Silva E, Hsieh-Wilson L, Allen P, Shenolikar S, Greengard P, Nairn A. Protein phosphatase 1 regulation by inhibitors and targeting subunits. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2001, 98: 3080-3085. PMID: 11248035, PMCID: PMC30610, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.051003898.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCell LineChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneDNA-Binding ProteinsDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Enzyme InhibitorsGene ExpressionHistone ChaperonesMicrofilament ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataMyelin Basic ProteinNerve Tissue ProteinsPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphoproteinsProtein Phosphatase 1ProteinsRabbitsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSpodopteraSubstrate SpecificityTranscription FactorsConceptsProtein phosphatase 1Native protein phosphatase-1PP1 nuclear targeting subunitPhosphotyrosine-containing substratesInhibitor 2Protein phosphatase 1 regulationRecombinant protein phosphatase 1Sf9 insect cellsC-terminal sequencesLoss of interactionTargeting subunitPP1/Phosphatase 1Insect cellsResidues 274Inhibitor proteinRecombinant proteinsProtein inhibitorSubunitsEscherichia coliY272Corresponding regionPhosphorylase a.MutationsRegulationEffects of chronic exposure to cocaine are regulated by the neuronal protein Cdk5
Bibb J, Chen J, Taylor J, Svenningsson P, Nishi A, Snyder G, Yan Z, Sagawa Z, Ouimet C, Nairn A, Nestler E, Greengard P. Effects of chronic exposure to cocaine are regulated by the neuronal protein Cdk5. Nature 2001, 410: 376-380. PMID: 11268215, DOI: 10.1038/35066591.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrainCocaineCocaine-Related DisordersCorpus StriatumCyclin-Dependent Kinase 5Cyclin-Dependent KinasesDopamineDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Enzyme InhibitorsGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicKinetinMaleMiceMice, TransgenicNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosPsychomotor PerformancePurinesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Dopamine D1RoscovitineSignal TransductionConceptsTranscription factorsSuch transcription factorsDownstream target genesCyclin-dependent kinase 5DNA array analysisTarget genesGene expressionCocaine administrationKinase 5Inducible transgenic miceChronic exposureCdk5 inhibitorMessenger RNACocaine addictionArray analysisDopamine-mediated neurotransmissionDopamine-containing nerve terminalsMedium spiny neuronsD1 dopamine receptorsChronic cocaine administrationOverexpression of ΔFosBProteinTransgenic miceAdaptive changesSpiny neuronsDecreased levels of ARPP-19 and PKA in brains of Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease
Kim S, Nairn A, Cairns N, Lubec G. Decreased levels of ARPP-19 and PKA in brains of Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal Of Neural Transmission. Supplementa 2001, 263-272. PMID: 11771749, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6262-0_21.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsARPP-19Protein kinaseDifferential display polymerase chain reactionAlzheimer's diseaseDown syndromeCAMP-dependent protein kinaseTemporal cortexActivity of PKASignal transductionDownregulated sequenceBrain regionsNeurodegenerative disordersDiseaseImpaired mechanismsProtein levelsDecreased activityChain reactionFirst evidenceSignificant reductionSyndromeCortexDisordersTransductionHomologyKinase
2000
Amplification of dopaminergic signaling by a positive feedback loop
Nishi A, Bibb J, Snyder G, Higashi H, Nairn A, Greengard P. Amplification of dopaminergic signaling by a positive feedback loop. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2000, 97: 12840-12845. PMID: 11050161, PMCID: PMC18851, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.220410397.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCalcineurinCocaineCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesCyclin-Dependent Kinase 5Cyclin-Dependent KinasesDopamineDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32FeedbackIn Vitro TechniquesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeostriatumNerve Tissue ProteinsPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationProtein Phosphatase 2Receptors, Dopamine D1Receptors, Dopamine D2Signal TransductionConceptsState of phosphorylationProtein kinaseThr-75Protein phosphatase 2A activityCAMP-dependent protein kinasePhosphatase 2A activityCyclin-dependent kinase 5DARPP-32Dopamine D1 receptor-mediated activationDopamine D2 receptor stimulationStriatal DARPP-32Receptor-mediated activationD2 receptor stimulationAction of dopamineEffects of dopaminePositive feedback loopPKA signalingKinase 5Inhibitory constraintPhosphorylationAcute cocaineWhole animalNeostriatal slicesReceptor stimulationDopaminergic signalingDrugs of abuse modulate the phosphorylation of ARPP-21, a cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in the basal ganglia
Caporaso G, Bibb J, Snyder G, Valle C, Rakhilin S, Fienberg A, Hemmings H, Nairn A, Greengard P. Drugs of abuse modulate the phosphorylation of ARPP-21, a cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in the basal ganglia. Neuropharmacology 2000, 39: 1637-1644. PMID: 10854908, DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00230-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalBasal GangliaCattleCocaineCorpus StriatumCyclosporineDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Dopamine Uptake InhibitorsEnzyme InhibitorsIllicit DrugsMarine ToxinsMethamphetamineMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicNerve Tissue ProteinsOkadaic AcidOxazolesPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationRatsThe Dopamine/D1 Receptor Mediates the Phosphorylation and Inactivation of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase STEP via a PKA-Dependent Pathway
Paul S, Snyder G, Yokakura H, Picciotto M, Nairn A, Lombroso P. The Dopamine/D1 Receptor Mediates the Phosphorylation and Inactivation of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase STEP via a PKA-Dependent Pathway. Journal Of Neuroscience 2000, 20: 5630-5638. PMID: 10908600, PMCID: PMC6772528, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.20-15-05630.2000.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsCatalytic DomainCorpus StriatumCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesEnzyme ActivationIn Vitro TechniquesMaleMolecular Sequence DataNeuronsPhosphoproteinsPhosphorus RadioisotopesPhosphorylationProtein Tyrosine PhosphatasesProtein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-ReceptorRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Dopamine D1Signal TransductionConceptsProtein tyrosine phosphatase familyCAMP-dependent protein kinaseTryptic phosphopeptide mappingPotential phosphorylation sitesUnique N-terminalProtein-protein interactionsMembrane-associated proteinsRole of phosphorylationTyrosine phosphatase familyAmino acid sequenceSite-directed mutagenesisAmino acid sequencingPKA-dependent pathwayTyrosine phosphatase STEPPhosphatase familyPhosphopeptide mappingPhosphorylation sitesAlternative splicingSubcellular compartmentsProtein kinaseTerminal domainEquivalent residuesCytosolic proteinsSpecific residuesAcid sequenceRegulation of Phosphorylation of the GluR1 AMPA Receptor in the Neostriatum by Dopamine and Psychostimulants In Vivo
Snyder G, Allen P, Fienberg A, Valle C, Huganir R, Nairn A, Greengard P. Regulation of Phosphorylation of the GluR1 AMPA Receptor in the Neostriatum by Dopamine and Psychostimulants In Vivo. Journal Of Neuroscience 2000, 20: 4480-4488. PMID: 10844017, PMCID: PMC6772453, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.20-12-04480.2000.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBenzazepinesCentral Nervous System StimulantsDopamineDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32In Vitro TechniquesMaleMethamphetamineMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMicrowavesNeostriatumNerve Tissue ProteinsOkadaic AcidPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationProtein Phosphatase 1Protein Phosphatase 2Receptors, AMPAReceptors, Dopamine D1Receptors, Dopamine D2Recombinant Fusion ProteinsSerineConceptsCAMP-dependent protein kinaseProtein phosphatase 2A.AMPA-type glutamate receptorsCalmodulin-dependent kinase IICalcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIRegulation of phosphorylationProtein kinase CPhosphatase 2A.Protein kinaseKinase IIPhosphorylation of GluR1Kinase CGluR1 AMPA receptorsPhosphorylationCellular effectorsGlutamate receptorsDARPP-32Physiological activityAMPA receptorsPsychostimulant cocaineChannel conductanceReceptorsD1-type dopamine receptorsActivationVivoSevere deficiencies in dopamine signaling in presymptomatic Huntington's disease mice
Bibb J, Yan Z, Svenningsson P, Snyder G, Pieribone V, Horiuchi A, Nairn A, Messer A, Greengard P. Severe deficiencies in dopamine signaling in presymptomatic Huntington's disease mice. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2000, 97: 6809-6814. PMID: 10829080, PMCID: PMC18747, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.120166397.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedium spiny neuronsDisease miceSpiny neuronsStriatal medium spiny neuronsHuntington's diseaseSevere deficiencyHuntington's disease miceHD model miceModel miceDopaminergic neurotransmissionHD miceSelective neurodegenerationHD pathologyMiceDARPP-32DopamineHuman huntingtinBehavioral phenotypesDiseaseNeuronsIon channelsTotal levelsDisease-causing formHuntingtinDeficiency
1999
Phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by Cdk5 modulates dopamine signalling in neurons
Bibb J, Snyder G, Nishi A, Yan Z, Meijer L, Fienberg A, Tsai L, Kwon Y, Girault J, Czernik A, Huganir R, Hemmings H, Nairn A, Greengard P. Phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by Cdk5 modulates dopamine signalling in neurons. Nature 1999, 402: 669-671. PMID: 10604473, DOI: 10.1038/45251.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCDC2 Protein KinaseCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesCyclin-Dependent Kinase 5Cyclin-Dependent KinasesDopamineDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Enzyme InhibitorsIn Vitro TechniquesMiceNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationRecombinant ProteinsSignal TransductionThreonineConceptsProtein kinase APhospho-ThrDARPP-32Serine/threonine phosphataseSerine/threonine kinaseInhibitor of PKAProtein phosphatase 1Signal transduction moleculesParticular amino acid residuesSignal transduction mechanismsAmino acid residuesCyclin-dependent kinase 5Threonine phosphataseThreonine 75PKA substratesThreonine kinasePhosphatase 1Phosphatase inhibitorProtein kinaseTransduction moleculesKinase ASingle proteinKinase 5Transduction mechanismsKinaseMutation of Tyr307 and Leu309 in the Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit Favors Association with the α4 Subunit Which Promotes Dephosphorylation of Elongation Factor-2 †
Chung H, Nairn A, Murata K, Brautigan D. Mutation of Tyr307 and Leu309 in the Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit Favors Association with the α4 Subunit Which Promotes Dephosphorylation of Elongation Factor-2 †. Biochemistry 1999, 38: 10371-10376. PMID: 10441131, DOI: 10.1021/bi990902g.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnion Exchange ResinsBacterial ProteinsCatalytic DomainChromatography, Ion ExchangeCOS CellsHemagglutininsLectinsLeucineMutagenesis, Site-DirectedOligopeptidesPeptide Elongation Factor 2Peptide Elongation FactorsPeptidesPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationPrecipitin TestsProtein Phosphatase 2Resins, SyntheticTransfectionTyrosineConceptsAlpha 4 proteinElongation factor 2AC dimerC subunitSpecific intracellular substratesProtein phosphatase 2ASites of phosphorylationAbc trimerCOS-7 cellsFactor 2B subunitC-terminal residuesTOR proteinsPhosphatase 2ANovel subunitCatalytic subunitTransient overexpressionSubstrate specificityCellular locationIntracellular substratesTransient expressionP70S6 kinaseSingle mutationProtein synthesisSubunitsRequirement for DARPP‐32 in mediating effect of dopamine D2 receptor activation
Nishi A, Snyder G, Fienberg A, Fisone G, Aperia A, Nairn A, Greengard P. Requirement for DARPP‐32 in mediating effect of dopamine D2 receptor activation. European Journal Of Neuroscience 1999, 11: 2589-2592. PMID: 10383649, DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00724.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDopamine D2 agonistD1 agonistDopamine D1 agonistDARPP-32D2 agonistDopamine D2 receptor activationDopamine D2 receptor agonistD2 receptor activationD2 receptor agonistBiological effectsReceptor agonistD1 receptorsD2 receptorsMouse neostriatumProtein phosphatase-1 inhibitorReceptor activationAgonistsPhosphatase-1 inhibitorDopamine signalingObligatory roleBeyond the Dopamine Receptor the DARPP-32/Protein Phosphatase-1 Cascade
Greengard P, Allen P, Nairn A. Beyond the Dopamine Receptor the DARPP-32/Protein Phosphatase-1 Cascade. Neuron 1999, 23: 435-447. PMID: 10433257, DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80798-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRole of Calcineurin and Protein Phosphatase‐2A in the Regulation of DARPP‐32 Dephosphorylation in Neostriatal Neurons
Nishi A, Snyder G, Nairn A, Greengard P. Role of Calcineurin and Protein Phosphatase‐2A in the Regulation of DARPP‐32 Dephosphorylation in Neostriatal Neurons. Journal Of Neurochemistry 1999, 72: 2015-2021. PMID: 10217279, DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0722015.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCalcineurinCalcineurin InhibitorsCyclosporineDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Drug CombinationsDrug SynergismEnzyme InhibitorsIn Vitro TechniquesMaleMarine ToxinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeostriatumNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsOkadaic AcidOxazolesPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesPhosphoproteinsPhosphorylationProtein Phosphatase 1Protein Phosphatase 2ConceptsProtein phosphatase 1Protein phosphatase 2AOkadaic acidPhosphorylated DARPP-32DARPP-32 phosphorylationPhosphatase 2APP-2ADARPP-32Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinaseAMP-dependent protein kinasePP-2A activityRole of calcineurinPhosphatase 1Calyculin AMouse neostriatal slicesProtein kinaseAction of cyclosporinDependent activationCalcineurinPresence of cyclosporinPhosphorylationDephosphorylationSynergistic increaseThr34Potent inhibitor