2023
Trends and impact of intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography on percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction
Park D, Vemmou E, An S, Nikolakopoulos I, Regan C, Cambi B, Frampton J, Vij A, Brilakis E, Nanna M. Trends and impact of intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography on percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction. IJC Heart & Vasculature 2023, 45: 101186. PMID: 36852085, PMCID: PMC9957744, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101186.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIntravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary interventionImaging-guided percutaneous coronary interventionPercutaneous coronary interventionOptical coherence tomographyMyocardial infarctionIntravascular ultrasoundCoronary interventionIntravascular imagingIVUS-guided percutaneous coronary interventionCoherence tomographyNumber of PCIsNational Inpatient SampleMultivariable logistic regressionCochran-Armitage trend testIVUS useHospital mortalityClinical outcomesOCT guidanceInpatient SampleImproved outcomesLower oddsLower mortalityLogistic regressionContinuous outcomesOutcomesSingle vs. multiple operators for chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions: From the PROGRESS‐CTO Registry
Karacsonyi J, Alaswad K, Krestyaninov O, Karmpaliotis D, Kirtane A, Ali Z, McEntegart M, Masoumi A, Poomipanit P, Jaffer F, Khatri J, Choi J, Patel M, Koutouzis M, Tsiafoutis I, Gorgulu S, Sheikh A, Elbarouni B, Jaber W, ElGuindy A, Yeh R, Kostantinis S, Simsek B, Rangan B, Mastrodemos O, Vemmou E, Nikolakopoulos I, Ungi I, Rafeh N, Goktekin O, Burke M, Brilakis E, Sandoval Y. Single vs. multiple operators for chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions: From the PROGRESS‐CTO Registry. Catheterization And Cardiovascular Interventions 2023, 101: 543-552. PMID: 36695421, DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30564.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCTO-PCIChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventionAir kerma radiation dosePercutaneous coronary intervention outcomesChronic total occlusion interventionLow MACE ratePROGRESS-CTO RegistryProspective global registryProcedural success ratePercutaneous coronary interventionHigh technical successRisk of complicationsMO casesCTO PCI casesMACE rateCoronary interventionMulticenter registryPatient ageMultivariable analysisProcedural successContrast volumeGlobal RegistryTechnical successProcedural outcomesPCI casesExternal validation of the PROGRESS‐CTO perforation risk score: Individual patient data pooled analysis of three registries
Simsek B, Tajti P, Carlino M, Ojeda S, Pan M, Rinfret S, Vemmou E, Kostantinis S, Nikolakopoulos I, Karacsonyi J, Rempakos A, Dens J, Agostoni P, Alaswad K, Megaly M, Avran A, Choi J, Jaffer F, Doshi D, Karmpaliotis D, Khatri J, Knaapen P, La Manna A, Spratt J, Tanabe M, Walsh S, Mastrodemos O, Allana S, Rangan B, Goktekin O, Gorgulu S, Poommipanit P, Kearney K, Lombardi W, Grantham J, Mashayekhi K, Brilakis E, Azzalini L. External validation of the PROGRESS‐CTO perforation risk score: Individual patient data pooled analysis of three registries. Catheterization And Cardiovascular Interventions 2023, 101: 326-332. PMID: 36617391, DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30551.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPercutaneous coronary interventionCTO percutaneous coronary interventionCoronary artery perforationArtery perforationRisk scorePrior coronary artery bypass graftChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventionCoronary artery bypass graftIndividual patient-level dataModerate-severe calcificationUnfavorable angiographic characteristicsArtery bypass graftIndividual patient dataRisk of perforationPatient-level dataProximal cap ambiguityGood discriminative performanceBlunt stumpAngiographic characteristicsCoronary interventionCommon complicationBypass graftTechnical successPerforation riskIndependent cohort
2022
External validation of the PROGRESS-CTO complication risk scores: Individual patient data pooled analysis of 3 registries
Simsek B, Tajti P, Carlino M, Ojeda S, Pan M, Rinfret S, Vemmou E, Kostantinis S, Nikolakopoulos I, Karacsonyi J, Dens J, Agostoni P, Alaswad K, Megaly M, Avran A, Choi J, Jaffer F, Doshi D, Karmpaliotis D, Khatri J, Knaapen P, La Manna A, Spratt J, Tanabe M, Walsh S, Mastrodemos O, Allana S, Rempakos A, Rangan B, Goktekin O, Gorgulu S, Poommipanit P, Kearney K, Lombardi W, Grantham J, Mashayekhi K, Brilakis E, Azzalini L. External validation of the PROGRESS-CTO complication risk scores: Individual patient data pooled analysis of 3 registries. International Journal Of Cardiology 2022, 375: 14-20. PMID: 36565956, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.12.036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsPercutaneous coronary interventionCTO percutaneous coronary interventionComplication risk scoreIndividual patient dataComplication scoreRisk scorePrior coronary artery bypass graft surgeryCoronary artery bypass graft surgeryChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventionArtery bypass graft surgeryObserved complication rateAdverse cardiovascular eventsBypass graft surgeryPatient dataJ-CTO scoreRisk of complicationsGood discriminative performanceBlunt stumpMACE rateMACE scoresCardiovascular eventsGraft surgeryCoronary interventionComplication rateValidation of the OPEN-CLEAN Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Perforation Score in a Multicenter Registry
Simsek B, Carlino M, Ojeda S, Pan M, Rinfret S, Vemmou E, Kostantinis S, Nikolakopoulos I, Karacsonyi J, Quadros A, Dens J, Abi Rafeh N, Agostoni P, Alaswad K, Avran A, Belli K, Choi J, Elguindy A, Jaffer F, Doshi D, Karmpaliotis D, Khatri J, Khelimskii D, Knaapen P, La Manna A, Krestyaninov O, Lamelas P, Padilla L, de Oliveira P, Spratt J, Tanabe M, Walsh S, Goktekin O, Gorgulu S, Mastrodemos O, Allana S, Rangan B, Kearney K, Lombardi W, Grantham J, Hirai T, Brilakis E, Azzalini L. Validation of the OPEN-CLEAN Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Perforation Score in a Multicenter Registry. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2022, 188: 30-35. PMID: 36462272, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.11.023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionCTO percutaneous coronary interventionCoronary artery perforationArtery perforationPerforation riskPrevious coronary artery bypass graftChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventionCoronary artery bypass graftModerate-severe calcificationUnfavorable angiographic characteristicsArtery bypass graftProximal cap ambiguityBlunt stumpAngiographic characteristicsMulticenter registryCoronary interventionFeared complicationBypass graftTechnical successPatientsPerforationGood calibrationCharacteristic curveScoresRiskA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Karacsonyi J, Alaswad K, Megaly M, Karmpaliotis D, Masoumi A, Jaber W, Nicholson W, Rinfret S, Mashayekhi K, Werner G, McEntegart M, Lee S, Khatri J, Harding S, Avran A, Jaffer F, Doshi D, Kao H, Sianos G, Yamane M, Milkas A, Azzalini L, Garbo R, Tammam K, Abi Rafeh N, Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Rangan B, Burke M, Garcia S, Croce K, Wu E, Tsuchikane E, Di Mario C, Galassi A, Gagnor A, Knaapen P, Jang Y, Kim B, Poommipanit P, Brilakis E. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal Of Invasive Cardiology 2022, 34: e763-e775. PMID: 36227013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsPercutaneous coronary interventionChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventionSubsequent clinical outcomesClinical outcomesCTO-PCIObservational studyMyocardial infarctionCause mortalityCoronary interventionOdds ratioSubsequent coronary artery bypass surgerySystematic reviewCoronary artery bypass surgeryAdverse cardiovascular eventsHeart failure hospitalizationTarget vessel revascularizationArtery bypass surgeryBetter clinical outcomesConfidence intervalsRandom-effects modelWeb of ScienceCardiovascular deathCardiovascular eventsFailure hospitalizationOutcomes and challenges of the provisional stenting technique: Insights from the PROGRESS‐BIFURCATION registry
Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Karacsonyi J, Allana S, Vemmou E, Nikolakopoulos I, Burke M, Garcia S, Wang Y, Chavez I, Gössl M, Sorajja P, Mooney M, Poulose A, Sandoval Y, Traverse J, Rangan B, Brilakis E. Outcomes and challenges of the provisional stenting technique: Insights from the PROGRESS‐BIFURCATION registry. Catheterization And Cardiovascular Interventions 2022, 100: 749-755. PMID: 36121014, DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30401.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionTwo-stent strategyProvisional stentingProcedural successTechnical successHospital major adverse cardiovascular eventsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsAdverse cardiovascular eventsLower technical successProspective global registrySimilar procedural successProvisional stenting techniqueAngiographic characteristicsCardiovascular eventsCoronary interventionDiameter stenosisGlobal RegistryDistal lesionsProcedural outcomesSB involvementSB lesion lengthBifurcation lesionsSide branch diameterStenting techniquesStentingPrimary vs Secondary Retrograde Approach in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.
Kostantinis S, Alaswad K, Karmpaliotis D, Jaffer F, Jaber W, Nicholson W, Rinfret S, Khatri J, Poommipanit P, Karacsonyi J, Simsek B, Vemmou E, Nikolakopoulos I, Koutouzis M, Tsiafoutis I, Riley R, Sheikh A, Patel M, Gorgulu S, ElGuindy A, Goktekin O, Abi Rafeh N, Rangan B, Garcia S, Burke M, Brilakis E. Primary vs Secondary Retrograde Approach in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Journal Of Invasive Cardiology 2022, 34: e672-e677. PMID: 35969839.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionCoronary chronic total occlusionsRetrograde approachRetrograde CTO-PCICoronary interventionCTO-PCIHospital major adverse cardiac eventsCoronary artery bypass graft surgeryChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventionMajor adverse cardiac eventsMajor adverse event rateArtery bypass graft surgeryCTO percutaneous coronary interventionAdverse cardiac eventsBypass graft surgeryAdverse event ratesProcedural success rateVentricular ejection fractionChronic total occlusionPROGRESS CTO scoresAngiographic characteristicsGraft surgeryCardiac eventsEjection fractionProcedural successE-31 | Meta-analysis of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs. Medical Management Only in Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials
Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Karacsonyi J, Alaswad K, Megaly M, Karmpaliotis D, Jaber W, Nicholson W, Mashayekhi K, Werner G, McEntegart M, Lee S, Xu B, Harding S, Avran A, Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Mastrodemos O, Rangan B, Azzalini L, Jaffer F, Croce K, Kao H, Sianos G, Yamane M, Wu E, Tsuchikane E, Milkas A, Di Mario C, Prof A, Garbo R, Gagnor A, Knaapen P, Tammam K, Jang Y, Kim B, Rafeh N, Brilakis E. E-31 | Meta-analysis of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs. Medical Management Only in Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 2022, 1: 100291. DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100291.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchC-6 | Challenges and Solutions in Double Kissing Crush Stenting Technique in Bifurcation Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Karacsonyi J, Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Assali M, Burke M, Garcia S, Goessl M, Sorajja P, Chavez I, Mooney M, Poulose A, Traverse J, Wang Y, Mastrodemos O, Rangan B, Brilakis E. C-6 | Challenges and Solutions in Double Kissing Crush Stenting Technique in Bifurcation Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 2022, 1: 100158. DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100158.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBifurcation percutaneous coronary interventionPercutaneous coronary interventionCoronary interventionOutcomes of Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Versus Angiography-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Chronic Total Occlusions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Chugh Y, Buttar R, Kwan T, Vemmou E, Karacsonyi J, Nikolakopoulos I, Garcia S, Goessl M, Wang Y, Chavez I, Poulose A, Burke M, Brilakis E. Outcomes of Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Versus Angiography-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Chronic Total Occlusions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal Of Invasive Cardiology 2022, 34: e310-e318. PMID: 35366225.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionTarget lesion revascularizationTarget vessel revascularizationMajor adverse cardiac eventsAdverse cardiac eventsTotal stent lengthChronic total occlusionLong-term outcomesStent thrombosisCTO-PCIMyocardial infarctionCause mortalityCardiac eventsCardiovascular mortalityCoronary interventionTotal occlusionStent lengthProcedure timeLower riskSystematic reviewBetter long-term outcomesContrast volume useIntravascular ultrasound guidanceShorter procedure timeRandom-effects modelPercutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions involving a bifurcation: Insights from the PROGRESS-CTO registry
Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Karacsonyi J, Alaswad K, Karmpaliotis D, Abi Rafeh N, Schimmel D, Benzuly K, Flaherty J, Poommipanit P, ElGuindy A, Burke M, Brilakis E. Percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions involving a bifurcation: Insights from the PROGRESS-CTO registry. Hellenic Journal Of Cardiology 2022, 66: 80-83. PMID: 35247542, DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2022.02.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionDistal capProximal capCoronary interventionCoronary artery bypass graft surgery ratesChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventionCTO percutaneous coronary interventionLower technical success rateLower technical successPROGRESS-CTO RegistryTechnical success rateChronic total occlusionPCI registrySurgery ratesProcedural dataTotal occlusionTechnical successJ-CTOHigh riskSuccess rateRegistryTwo-thirdsInterventionLimited studiesBifurcation locationPERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION OF TRIFURCATION LESIONS: INSIGHTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE GLOBAL REGISTRY FOR THE STUDY OF BIFURCATION LESION INTERVENTIONS (PROGRESS-BIFURCATION) REGISTRY
Karacsonyi J, Kostantinis S, Gutierrez A, Avula V, Simsek B, Burke M, Garcia S, Goessl M, Sorajja P, Chavez I, Mooney M, Poulose A, Traverse J, Wang Y, Ungi I, Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Guddeti R, Rangan B, Brilakis E. PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION OF TRIFURCATION LESIONS: INSIGHTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE GLOBAL REGISTRY FOR THE STUDY OF BIFURCATION LESION INTERVENTIONS (PROGRESS-BIFURCATION) REGISTRY. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2022, 79: 851. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)01842-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION AND OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Karacsonyi J, Alaswad K, Karmpaliotis D, Azzalini L, Jaber W, Rinfret S, Jaffer F, Choi J, Poommipanit P, Gorgulu S, Dattilo P, Krestyaninov O, Elbarouni B, Patel M, Koutouzis M, Galassi A, Mashayekhi K, Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Rangan B, Burke M, Garcia S, Brilakis E. LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION AND OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2022, 79: 844. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)01835-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChallenges and outcomes of the double kissing crush stenting technique: Insights from the PROGRESS‐BIFURCATION registry
Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Karacsonyi J, Vemmou E, Nikolakopoulos I, Assali M, Burke M, Garcia S, Wang Y, Chavez I, Goessl M, Sorajja P, Mooney M, Poulose A, Traverse J, Rangan B, Brilakis E. Challenges and outcomes of the double kissing crush stenting technique: Insights from the PROGRESS‐BIFURCATION registry. Catheterization And Cardiovascular Interventions 2022, 99: 1038-1044. PMID: 35195331, DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30135.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionDK crushBifurcation lesionsCoronary interventionDouble kissingHospital major adverse cardiovascular eventsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsBifurcation percutaneous coronary interventionProspective global registryAdverse cardiovascular eventsDouble kissing crushSide branchesAngiographic characteristicsCardiovascular eventsNew guidewireArtery lesionsComplication rateProcedural successExcellent outcomesGlobal RegistryTechnical successProcedural outcomesCrush techniqueLesionsBifurcation stentingPractice Patterns in the Interventional Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: A Global Survey.
Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Karacsonyi J, Azzalini L, Bergmark B, Chatzizisis Y, Hall A, Wollmuth J, Croce K, Jneid H, Rangan B, Burke M, Brilakis E. Practice Patterns in the Interventional Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: A Global Survey. Journal Of Invasive Cardiology 2022, 34: e43-e48. PMID: 34982725, PMCID: PMC8919669, DOI: 10.25270/jic/21.00077.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionLM lesionsBifurcation lesionsProvisional stentingNon-LM bifurcation lesionsBifurcation percutaneous coronary interventionIntravascular imagingCoronary bifurcation lesionsDouble kissing crushDK crush techniqueAnnual PCI volumesProximal optimization techniqueBailout stentingRadial access useCoronary interventionPCI volumeInterventional treatmentPractice patternsCoronary physiologyCrush techniqueAccess useLesionsStudy aimProvisional strategyStenting
2021
TCT-68 Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With Previous CABG: Insights From a Pooled Analysis of 4 Multicenter Registries
Vemmou E, Quadros A, Dens J, Rafeh N, Agostoni P, Alaswad K, Avran A, Belli K, Campos C, Carlino M, Choi J, De Los Santos F, ElGuindy A, Jaffer F, Karmpaliotis D, Khatri J, Khelimskii D, Knaapen P, Krestyaninov O, La Manna A, Lamelas P, Ojeda S, Padilla L, Pan M, de Oliveira P, Rinfret S, Santiago R, Spratt J, Walsh S, Kostantinis S, Simsek B, Karacsonyi J, Nikolakopoulos I, Rangan B, Brilakis E, Azzalini L. TCT-68 Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With Previous CABG: Insights From a Pooled Analysis of 4 Multicenter Registries. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2021, 78: b28. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.918.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTCT-34 Hemoglobin Drop in the Absence of Overt Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality
Nikolakopoulos I, Vemmou E, Karacsonyi J, Garcia S, Henry T, Goessl M, Sharkey S, Burke M, Sorajja P, Traverse J, Wang Y, Mooney M, Poulose A, Chavez I, Simsek B, Kostantinis S, Rangan B, Brilakis E. TCT-34 Hemoglobin Drop in the Absence of Overt Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2021, 78: b13-b14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.884.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTCT-71 Characteristics and Outcomes of Men and Women Undergoing Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Individual Patient Data Pooled Analysis of 4 Multicenter Registries
Nikolakopoulos I, Quadros A, Dens J, Rafeh N, Agostoni P, Alaswad K, Avran A, Belli K, Campos C, Carlino M, Choi J, De Los Santos F, ElGuindy A, Jaffer F, Karmpaliotis D, Khatri J, Khelimskii D, Knaapen P, Krestyaninov O, La Manna A, Lamelas P, Ojeda S, Padilla L, de Oliveira P, Rinfret S, Santiago R, Spratt J, Walsh S, Kostantinis S, Simsek B, Karacsonyi J, Rangan B, Vemmou E, Brilakis E, Azzalini L. TCT-71 Characteristics and Outcomes of Men and Women Undergoing Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Individual Patient Data Pooled Analysis of 4 Multicenter Registries. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2021, 78: b29-b30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.921.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchProcedural and In-Hospital Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From a Prospective Multicenter International Registry.
Arman P, Basir M, Gupta A, Choi J, Khatri J, Jaffer F, Poomipanit P, Forouzandeh F, Koutouzis M, Tsiafoutis I, Patel M, Mahmud E, Vemmou E, Nikolakopoulos I, Karacsonyi J, ElGuindy A, Goktekin O, Abi Rafeh N, Brilakis E, Alaswad K. Procedural and In-Hospital Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From a Prospective Multicenter International Registry. Journal Of Invasive Cardiology 2021, 33: e670-e676. PMID: 34473071.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionNon-AMI patientsChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventionCTO-PCIAMI patientsCoronary interventionProcedural successTechnical successMyocardial infarctionHospital major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rateMajor adverse cardiovascular event ratesAdverse cardiovascular event ratesMulticenter international registrySimilar technical successIn-Hospital OutcomesCardiovascular event ratesProcedural success rateVentricular ejection fractionHemodynamic support devicesNon-CTO lesionsAntegrade wire escalationHospital MACEAngiographic characteristicsHospital outcomes