2025
Personalized Treatment in Ovarian Cancer: A Review of Disease Monitoring, Biomarker Expression, and Targeted Treatments for Advanced, Recurrent Ovarian Cancers
Ettorre V, AlAshqar A, Sethi N, Santin A. Personalized Treatment in Ovarian Cancer: A Review of Disease Monitoring, Biomarker Expression, and Targeted Treatments for Advanced, Recurrent Ovarian Cancers. Cancers 2025, 17: 1822. PMID: 40507303, PMCID: PMC12153853, DOI: 10.3390/cancers17111822.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThis study investigates the role of biomarkers like CA125 and circulating tumor DNA, and promising advances in personalized treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer with targeted therapies.
2024
Radiation therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: from molecular insights to clinical perspectives
Kim J, Fahmy V, Haffty B. Radiation therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: from molecular insights to clinical perspectives. Expert Review Of Anticancer Therapy 2024, 24: 211-217. PMID: 38502143, DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2333320.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTriple-negative breast cancerPoly (ADP-ribose) polymeraseLocoregional controlRadiation therapyBreast cancerImpact of post-mastectomy radiation therapyPost-mastectomy radiation therapyEffects of radiotherapySynergistic effects of radiotherapyPersonalized treatment approachesImproved survival ratesIntegration of radiomicsImmunotherapy combinationsBRCA1/2 mutationsRadiotherapy responseOvercome radioresistanceTargeted radiosensitizationImprove patient outcomesRadiosensitizing strategiesNovel radiosensitizersTarget biological pathwaysTreatment strategiesTreatment outcomesMolecular profilingRadiotherapySWOG S2210: A phase II study of neoadjuvant carboplatin for localized, high-risk prostate cancer with germline BRCA1/2 mutations.
Cheng H, Callis S, Lin D, Yu E, Dorff T, Kase A, Tangen C, Petrylak D, Lerner S. SWOG S2210: A phase II study of neoadjuvant carboplatin for localized, high-risk prostate cancer with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2024, 42: tps354-tps354. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2024.42.4_suppl.tps354.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPathological complete responseHigh-risk diseaseNeoadjuvant carboplatinRadical prostatectomyProstate cancerComplete responseCarriers of germline pathogenic variantsRate of pathological complete responseHigh-risk prostate cancerGermline BRCA1/2 mutationsPlatinum-based regimensBiochemical recurrence-freeMetastatic prostate cancerPhase II studyCurative intent treatmentGermline genetic testingGermline pathogenic variantsMonitoring of recurrenceFDA-approved optionsLate-stage diseaseGBRCA1/2mRecurrence-freeBRCA1/2 mutationsMetastasis-freeOverall survival
2022
Mutational Signature 3 Detected from Clinical Panel Sequencing is Associated with Responses to Olaparib in Breast and Ovarian Cancers
Batalini F, Gulhan DC, Mao V, Tran A, Polak M, Xiong N, Tayob N, Tung NM, Winer EP, Mayer EL, Knappskog S, Lønning PE, Matulonis UA, Konstantinopoulos PA, Solit DB, Won H, Eikesdal HP, Park PJ, Wulf GM. Mutational Signature 3 Detected from Clinical Panel Sequencing is Associated with Responses to Olaparib in Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Clinical Cancer Research 2022, 28: of1-of10. PMID: 36048535, PMCID: PMC9623231, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0749.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHomologous recombination deficiencyTriple-negative breast cancerMutational signature 3Ovarian cancerImproved progression-free survivalPARP inhibitorsPanel sequencingHigh-grade serous ovarian cancerPI3K inhibitor buparlisibPhase Ib trialProgression-free survivalIdentification of patientsRoutine clinical careSignature 3Serous ovarian cancerPARP inhibitor olaparibSame patient sampleIb trialObjective responseTNBC patientsBreast cancerBRCA1/2 mutationsClinical careInstability scoreGenomic instability scoreLandscape of tumor genetic testing and targeted therapies over an eight-year span in a rural population.
Williams C, Guin S, Elsey R, Meißner T, Xu B, Sun Y, Amallraja A, Jun T, Schadt E, Chen R, Zhou X, Higashi M, Lee J, Oh W. Landscape of tumor genetic testing and targeted therapies over an eight-year span in a rural population. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2022, 40: e15036-e15036. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e15036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdvanced breast cancer patientsBreast cancer patientsTargeted therapyTargetable mutationsCancer patientsElectronic medical recordsNCCN guidelinesLabel useBRCA1/2 mutationsStage IIITumor typesNon-small cell lung cancerAdvanced prostate cancer patientsKRAS/NRAS mutationsReal-world patient populationPositive NGS resultsAdvanced breast cancerNGS resultsAdvanced-stage patientsCell lung cancerBRAF V600 mutationTumor molecular profilingProstate cancer patientsTumor genetic testingMolecular tumor board
2021
Matched cohort study of germline BRCA mutation carriers with triple negative breast cancer in brightness
Metzger-Filho O, Collier K, Asad S, Ansell PJ, Watson M, Bae J, Cherian M, O’Shaughnessy J, Untch M, Rugo HS, Huober JB, Golshan M, Sikov WM, von Minckwitz G, Rastogi P, Li L, Cheng L, Maag D, Wolmark N, Denkert C, Symmans WF, Geyer CE, Loibl S, Stover DG. Matched cohort study of germline BRCA mutation carriers with triple negative breast cancer in brightness. Npj Breast Cancer 2021, 7: 142. PMID: 34764307, PMCID: PMC8586340, DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00349-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTriple-negative breast cancerNeoadjuvant chemotherapyCohort studyBreast cancerInstability scoreGenomic instability scoreGermline BRCA mutation carriersPathologic complete response rateAddition of carboplatinComplete response rateStandard neoadjuvant chemotherapyLymph node statusBRCA mutation carriersGermline BRCA1/2 mutationsNegative breast cancerOverall cohortNode statusTreatment armsHigher oddsMutation carriersBRCA1/2 mutationsResponse rateCarboplatinPARP inhibitorsCancerPhase II trial of veliparib and temozolomide in metastatic breast cancer patients with and without BRCA1/2 mutations
Xu J, Keenan TE, Overmoyer B, Tung NM, Gelman RS, Habin K, Garber JE, Ellisen LW, Winer EP, Goss PE, Yeap BY, Chabner BA, Isakoff SJ. Phase II trial of veliparib and temozolomide in metastatic breast cancer patients with and without BRCA1/2 mutations. Breast Cancer Research And Treatment 2021, 189: 641-651. PMID: 34417675, DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06292-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObjective response rateClinical benefit rateProgression-free survivalMedian progression-free survivalMetastatic breast cancer patientsPhase II trialMetastatic breast cancerBreast cancer patientsBRCA1/2 carriersBreast cancerExpansion cohortII trialPrimary endpointPrimary cohortCancer patientsBenefit rateBRCA1/2 mutationsDay 1Longer median progression-free survivalSingle-arm phase II trialCommon grade 3Doses of veliparibPlatinum-naïve patientsPrior platinum therapyBRCA mutation carriersSerial circulating tumor DNA samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer and BRCA1/2 mutations.
Collier K, Tallman D, Weber Z, Haynam M, Adams E, Jenison J, Asad S, Lustberg M, Cherian M, Ramaswamy B, Sardesai S, Williams N, Wesolowski R, VanDeusen J, Gatti-Mays M, Pariser A, Mortazavi A, Stover D. Serial circulating tumor DNA samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer and BRCA1/2 mutations. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2021, 39: 1025-1025. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMetastatic breast cancerTargeted panel sequencingPlatinum chemotherapySomatic copy number alterationsPARP inhibitorsBreast cancerPlasma samplesSerial ctDNA samplesHormone receptor statusNon-invasive evaluationPass whole genome sequencingDNA damage repair genesLast time pointTumor DNA samplesReceptor statusHR statusControl cohortLast timepointBRCA1/2 mutationsSomatic BRCA1Blood samplesCancer-related genesCtDNA samplesSerial samplesTumor fractionA phase II study of rucaparib in patients with high genomic LOH and/or BRCA 1/2 mutated stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (Lung-MAP Sub-Study, S1900A).
Riess J, Redman M, Wheatley-Price P, Faller B, Villaruz L, Corum L, Gowda A, Srkalovic G, Osarogiagbon R, Baumgart M, Qian L, Minichiello K, Gandara D, Herbst R, Kelly K. A phase II study of rucaparib in patients with high genomic LOH and/or BRCA 1/2 mutated stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (Lung-MAP Sub-Study, S1900A). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2021, 39: 9024-9024. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHomologous recombination deficiencyBRCA1/2 mutationsPARP inhibitorsAdverse eventsSystemic therapyStage IV non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerAdequate organ functionFrequent adverse eventsZubrod performance statusAdvanced NSCLC patientsNew safety signalsPhase II studyStage IV diseaseAdvanced-stage NSCLCCell lung cancerPhenotypic markersBRCA1/BRCA2Day of registrationEligible patientsEligible ptsMedian OSMedian PFSNSCLC ptsHematologic toxicityAtezolizumab and nab-Paclitaxel in Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Biomarker Evaluation of the IMpassion130 Study
Emens LA, Molinero L, Loi S, Rugo HS, Schneeweiss A, Diéras V, Iwata H, Barrios CH, Nechaeva M, Nguyen-Duc A, Chui SY, Husain A, Winer EP, Adams S, Schmid P. Atezolizumab and nab-Paclitaxel in Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Biomarker Evaluation of the IMpassion130 Study. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2021, 113: 1005-1016. PMID: 33523233, PMCID: PMC8328980, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerMetastatic triple-negative breast cancerProgression-free survivalPD-L1Tumor immune microenvironmentBreast cancerIntratumoral CD8Nab-paclitaxelClinical benefitImmune microenvironmentImmune cellsBRCA1/2 mutationsAdvanced triple-negative breast cancerStromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytesNab-paclitaxel 100Immune checkpoint inhibitorsOverall survival benefitTumor-infiltrating lymphocytesMetastatic tumor tissueBRCA1/2 mutation statusCheckpoint inhibitorsOverall survivalSurvival benefitImmune biomarkersClinical activity
2020
Reversion and non-reversion mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitor or platinum chemotherapy in BRCA1/2-mutant metastatic breast cancer
Waks AG, Cohen O, Kochupurakkal B, Kim D, Dunn CE, Buendia J, Wander S, Helvie K, Lloyd MR, Marini L, Hughes ME, Freeman SS, Ivy SP, Geradts J, Isakoff S, LoRusso P, Adalsteinsson VA, Tolaney SM, Matulonis U, Krop IE, D’Andrea A, Winer EP, Lin NU, Shapiro GI, Wagle N. Reversion and non-reversion mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitor or platinum chemotherapy in BRCA1/2-mutant metastatic breast cancer. Annals Of Oncology 2020, 31: 590-598. PMID: 32245699, PMCID: PMC7946408, DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.02.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMetastatic breast cancerPlatinum chemotherapyDNA-damaging therapyMechanisms of resistanceBreast cancerMetastatic breast cancer patientsBreast cancer patientsTumor DNA sequencingNovel sequence alterationsWhole-exome sequencingDNA-damaging therapiesTreatment failureCancer patientsFunctional statusDisease progressionTumor biopsiesClinical cohortImmunohistochemical stainingSubsequent linesBRCA1/2 mutationsTherapeutic benefitPatientsUseful biomarkerFunctional assessmentTumor sections
2019
Unlocking PARP inhibitor efficacy for HRD-negative cancers using the alphalex tumor targeting platform inhibitor efficacy for HRD-negative cancers using the alphalex tumor targeting platform.
Bindra R, Sundaram R, Aiello R, Marshall D, Bourassa P, Csengery J, Zhang Q, Robinson B, lopresti-Morrow L, Bechtold J, Tylaska L, Paradis T, Paralkar V, Hellsund P, Glazer P. Unlocking PARP inhibitor efficacy for HRD-negative cancers using the alphalex tumor targeting platform inhibitor efficacy for HRD-negative cancers using the alphalex tumor targeting platform. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2019, 37: e14664-e14664. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14664.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHomologous recombination deficiencyHRD statusAnti-cancer agentsClinical trialsSignificant bone marrow toxicityTumor cellsInhibitor efficacyPhase I clinical trialIND-enabling studiesDose-limiting toxicityBone marrow toxicitySignificant tumor cell killingSmall molecule anti-cancer agentNormal tissue toxicityTumor cell killingTumor-targeting approachesPARP inhibitor efficacyRelevant chemotherapyVivo tumor modelsMarrow toxicityBRCA1/2 mutationsComplete sparingBone marrowSolid tumorsChemotherapyNitric oxide-donor/PARP-inhibitor combination: A new approach for sensitization to ionizing radiation
Wilson A, Menon V, Khan Z, Alam A, Litovchick L, Yakovlev V. Nitric oxide-donor/PARP-inhibitor combination: A new approach for sensitization to ionizing radiation. Redox Biology 2019, 24: 101169. PMID: 30889466, PMCID: PMC6423503, DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101169.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPARP inhibitorsBRCA1/2 mutationsSingle agentTumor microenvironmentAdditional therapeutic benefitBRCA1 expressionNew drug combinationsDNA-damaging therapiesNon-toxic concentrationsTumor-targeting approachesCancer patientsOvarian cancerBreast cancerDrug combinationsTherapeutic benefitClinical developmentTumorsRadiation treatmentCancerOxidative stressSubsequent inhibitionSynthetic lethality approachSensitizationHigh potencyDNA damageGenomic alterations in breast cancer: level of evidence for actionability according to ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT)
Condorelli R, Mosele F, Verret B, Bachelot T, Bedard P, Cortes J, Hyman D, Juric D, Krop I, Bieche I, Saura C, Sotiriou C, Cardoso F, Loibl S, Andre F, Turner N. Genomic alterations in breast cancer: level of evidence for actionability according to ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT). Annals Of Oncology 2019, 30: 365-373. PMID: 30715161, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLevel of evidenceBreast cancerESMO ScaleClinical actionabilityGenomic alterationsMicrosatellite instabilityLarge randomized trialsMolecular targetsBRCA 1/2 mutationsGermline BRCA1/2 mutationsESR1 mutationsPreclinical evidenceNTRK fusionsRandomized trialsPIK3CA mutationsERBB2 mutationsBRCA1/2 mutationsRecurrent genomic alterationsMDM2 amplificationERBB2 amplificationClinical practiceDriver alterationsPTEN lossTumor genomic landscapeAntitumor activity
2017
Co-Occurrence of COMT and BRCA1/2 Variants in a Population
Movassagh M, Mudvari P, Horvath A. Co-Occurrence of COMT and BRCA1/2 Variants in a Population. New England Journal Of Medicine 2017, 376: 2090-2091. PMID: 28538113, DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1701592.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2016
Frequency of Germline Mutations in 25 Cancer Susceptibility Genes in a Sequential Series of Patients With Breast Cancer
Tung N, Lin NU, Kidd J, Allen BA, Singh N, Wenstrup RJ, Hartman AR, Winer EP, Garber JE. Frequency of Germline Mutations in 25 Cancer Susceptibility Genes in a Sequential Series of Patients With Breast Cancer. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2016, 34: 1460-1468. PMID: 26976419, PMCID: PMC4872307, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.65.0747.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overBreast NeoplasmsFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGenes, BRCA1Genes, BRCA2Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic TestingGerm-Line MutationHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansJewsMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingOvarian NeoplasmsPredictive Value of TestsPrevalenceProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsConceptsCancer predisposition genesTriple-negative breast cancerBreast cancer predisposition genesBreast cancerPredisposition genesGermline mutationsOvarian cancerNext-generation sequencingBRCA1/2 mutationsCancer susceptibility genesSingle cancer centerFamily cancer historyBreast/ovarian cancerOvarian cancer predisposition genesPredictors of mutationsSusceptibility genesSelect patientsSequential patientsAshkenazi Jewish ancestryCancer CenterCancer historyClinical managementFamily historyBreast/ovarian cancer susceptibility geneOvarian cancer susceptibility genes
2015
TBCRC009: A Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial of Platinum Monotherapy With Biomarker Assessment in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Isakoff SJ, Mayer EL, He L, Traina TA, Carey LA, Krag KJ, Rugo HS, Liu MC, Stearns V, Come SE, Timms KM, Hartman AR, Borger DR, Finkelstein DM, Garber JE, Ryan PD, Winer EP, Goss PE, Ellisen LW. TBCRC009: A Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial of Platinum Monotherapy With Biomarker Assessment in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2015, 33: 1902-1909. PMID: 25847936, PMCID: PMC4451173, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.57.6660.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAntineoplastic AgentsBiomarkers, TumorBRCA1 ProteinBRCA2 ProteinCarboplatinCisplatinClass I Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGenomic InstabilityHeterozygoteHumansLoss of HeterozygosityMiddle AgedMutationNeoplasm StagingPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesTreatment OutcomeTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsConceptsMetastatic triple-negative breast cancerGermline BRCA1/2 mutationsPhase II clinical trialTriple-negative breast cancerBRCA1/2 mutationsResponse rateClinical trialsBreast cancerMulticenter phase II clinical trialEnd pointSingle-arm phase II clinical trialCoprimary end pointsExploratory end pointsObjective response ratePIK3CA mutation statusSingle-agent platinumLong-term respondersPlatinum-based chemotherapyIdentification of patientsBRCA1/2 mutation carriersGenomic instability signatureGene expression subtypesP73 gene expressionPlatinum monotherapyMutation carriersOvarian cancer survival by tumor dominance, a surrogate for site of origin
Ivanova A, Loo A, Tworoger S, Crum CP, Fan I, McLaughlin JR, Rosen B, Risch H, Narod SA, Kotsopoulos J. Ovarian cancer survival by tumor dominance, a surrogate for site of origin. Cancer Causes & Control 2015, 26: 601-608. PMID: 25771796, PMCID: PMC4561551, DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0547-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDominant tumorHazard ratioFallopian tubeEstrogen hormone replacement therapyConclusionThese preliminary findingsHormone replacement therapyDistal fallopian tubeRisk of deathEpithelial ovarian cancerOvarian cancer survivalConfidence intervalsProportional hazards modelSite of originTubal originWorse survivalReplacement therapyOvarian tumorsCancer survivalOvarian cancerPathology reportsOnly subtypeBRCA1/2 mutationsHazards modelObjectivesRecent studiesTumors
2014
Phase I trial of olaparib in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced breast, ovarian and other solid tumors
Balmaña J, Tung N, Isakoff S, Graña B, Ryan P, Saura C, Lowe E, Frewer P, Winer E, Baselga J, Garber J. Phase I trial of olaparib in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced breast, ovarian and other solid tumors. Annals Of Oncology 2014, 25: 1656-1663. PMID: 24827126, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu187.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdvanced solid tumorsSolid tumorsBRCA1/2 mutationsDay 1Overall objective response rateBID days 1Grade 3 neutropeniaObjective response ratePhase I trialTreatment of patientsGermline BRCA1/2 mutationsColony-stimulating factorWarrants further investigationAdvanced breastHematologic supportMeasurable diseaseOral olaparibAdverse eventsI trialTreatment cohortsLipase elevationCisplatin dosesFrequent gradePreliminary efficacyStandard treatmentTargeted Prostate Cancer Screening in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the Initial Screening Round of the IMPACT Study
Bancroft E, Page E, Castro E, Lilja H, Vickers A, Sjoberg D, Assel M, Foster C, Mitchell G, Drew K, Mæhle L, Axcrona K, Evans D, Bulman B, Eccles D, McBride D, van Asperen C, Vasen H, Kiemeney L, Ringelberg J, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Selkirk C, Hulick P, Bojesen A, Skytte A, Lam J, Taylor L, Oldenburg R, Cremers R, Verhaegh G, van Zelst-Stams W, Oosterwijk J, Blanco I, Salinas M, Cook J, Rosario D, Buys S, Conner T, Ausems M, Ong K, Hoffman J, Domchek S, Powers J, Teixeira M, Maia S, Foulkes W, Taherian N, Ruijs M, Enden A, Izatt L, Davidson R, Adank M, Walker L, Schmutzler R, Tucker K, Kirk J, Hodgson S, Harris M, Douglas F, Lindeman G, Zgajnar J, Tischkowitz M, Clowes V, Susman R, Ramón y Cajal T, Patcher N, Gadea N, Spigelman A, van Os T, Liljegren A, Side L, Brewer C, Brady A, Donaldson A, Stefansdottir V, Friedman E, Chen-Shtoyerman R, Amor D, Copakova L, Barwell J, Giri V, Murthy V, Nicolai N, Teo S, Greenhalgh L, Strom S, Henderson A, McGrath J, Gallagher D, Aaronson N, Ardern-Jones A, Bangma C, Dearnaley D, Costello P, Eyfjord J, Rothwell J, Falconer A, Gronberg H, Hamdy F, Johannsson O, Khoo V, Kote-Jarai Z, Lubinski J, Axcrona U, Melia J, McKinley J, Mitra A, Moynihan C, Rennert G, Suri M, Wilson P, Killick E, Collaborators T, Moss S, Eeles R. Targeted Prostate Cancer Screening in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the Initial Screening Round of the IMPACT Study. European Urology 2014, 66: 489-499. PMID: 24484606, PMCID: PMC4105321, DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPositive predictive valueHigh-risk diseaseBRCA2 mutation carriersProstate cancerTargeted prostate cancerMutation carriersBRCA1/2 mutationsHigh riskProstate-specific antigen (PSA) testingProstate cancer screeningScreening resultsGermline BRCA1/2 mutationsFisher's exact testInitial screening roundGermline genetic markersIdentification of tumorsBreast cancer 1Germline genetic risk variantsBreast cancer 2PCa incidencePSA levelsAntigen testingTumor characteristicsAggressive diseaseBRCA2 carriers
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