2024
Physiological Assessment with iFR prior to FFR Measurement in Left Main Disease
Warisawa T, Cook C, Ahmad Y, Howard J, Seligman H, Rajkumar C, Toya T, Doi S, Nakajima A, Nakayama M, Vera-Urquiza R, Yuasa S, Sato T, Kikuta Y, Kawase Y, Nishina H, Al-Lamee R, Sen S, Lerman A, Matsuo H, Akashi Y, Escaned J, Davies J. Physiological Assessment with iFR prior to FFR Measurement in Left Main Disease. Cardiovascular Intervention And Therapeutics 2024, 39: 241-251. PMID: 38642290, PMCID: PMC11164744, DOI: 10.1007/s12928-024-00989-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsArea under the curveFractional flow reserveLeft main diseaseOptimal cut-off valueInstantaneous wave-free ratioAdverse cardiovascular eventsClinical outcomesCardiovascular eventsRevascularization decision-makingFlow reserveMain diseaseClinical outcomes of patientsPhysiological assessmentPrediction of MACEPrediction of adverse cardiovascular eventsFractional flow reserve measurementsInternational multicenter registryReceiver-operating characteristic analysisOutcomes of patientsLeft main coronary artery diseasePrediction of cardiovascular eventsComposite of deathNon-fatal myocardial infarctionIschemia-driven target lesion revascularization
2023
Revascularization and Mortality at 5 Years After Treatment Guided By Instantaneous Wave‐Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Sreenivasan J, Jamil Y, Ahmad Y. Revascularization and Mortality at 5 Years After Treatment Guided By Instantaneous Wave‐Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2023, 12: e032015. PMID: 37982225, PMCID: PMC10727296, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDeferred Versus Performed Revascularization for Left Main Coronary Disease With Hemodynamic Significance
Warisawa T, Cook C, Ahmad Y, Howard J, Seligman H, Rajkumar C, Toya T, Doi S, Nakajima A, Nakayama M, Vera-Urquiza R, Yuasa S, Sato T, Kikuta Y, Kawase Y, Nishina H, Al-Lamee R, Sen S, Lerman A, Matsuo H, Akashi Y, Escaned J, Davies J. Deferred Versus Performed Revascularization for Left Main Coronary Disease With Hemodynamic Significance. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2023, 16: e012700. PMID: 37339234, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.122.012700.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIschemia-driven target lesion revascularizationTarget lesion revascularizationLeft main stemCoronary artery diseaseStable coronary artery diseaseLong-term clinical outcomesPrimary end pointSecondary end pointsInstantaneous wave-free ratioLesion revascularizationArtery diseaseClinical outcomesMyocardial infarctionEnd pointRevascularization deferralCardiac deathLeft main coronary diseaseMain coronary artery diseaseBaseline clinical characteristicsComposite of deathContemporary clinical outcomesInternational multicenter registryMain coronary diseaseNonfatal myocardial infarctionMedian followPhysiology-guided PCI versus CABG for left main coronary artery disease: insights from the DEFINE-LM registry
Warisawa T, Cook C, Kawase Y, Howard J, Ahmad Y, Seligman H, Rajkumar C, Toya T, Doi S, Nakajima A, Tanigaki T, Omori H, Nakayama M, Vera-Urquiza R, Yuasa S, Sato T, Kikuta Y, Nishina H, Al-Lamee R, Sen S, Lerman A, Akashi Y, Escaned J, Matsuo H, Davies J. Physiology-guided PCI versus CABG for left main coronary artery disease: insights from the DEFINE-LM registry. Cardiovascular Intervention And Therapeutics 2023, 38: 287-298. PMID: 37017899, PMCID: PMC10247826, DOI: 10.1007/s12928-023-00932-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUnprotected left main coronary diseasePercutaneous coronary interventionInstantaneous wave-free ratioMain coronary artery diseaseNon-fatal myocardial infarctionCoronary artery bypassCoronary artery diseasePrimary endpointCause deathLesion revascularizationArtery bypassSYNTAX scoreCoronary interventionArtery diseaseClinical outcomesMyocardial infarctionIschemia-driven target lesion revascularizationLeft main coronary artery diseaseArt percutaneous coronary interventionLeft main coronary diseaseLower cardiovascular event ratesMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsLong-term clinical outcomesPropensity scorePhysiology-guided percutaneous coronary intervention
2021
Correlation of Intravascular Ultrasound and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio in Patients With Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Hajj S, Toya T, Warisawa T, Nan J, Lewis BR, Cook CM, Rajkumar C, Howard JP, Seligman H, Ahmad Y, Doi S, Nakajima A, Nakayama M, Goto S, Vera-Urquiza R, Sato T, Kikuta Y, Kawase Y, Nishina H, Nakamura S, Matsuo H, Escaned J, Akashi YJ, Davies JE, Lerman A. Correlation of Intravascular Ultrasound and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio in Patients With Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2021, 14: e009830. PMID: 34092096, PMCID: PMC8206001, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.120.009830.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInstantaneous wave-free ratioMinimum lumen areaUse of iFRBody surface areaLumen areaArtery diseaseIntravascular ultrasoundMain coronary artery diseaseMulticenter retrospective observational studyCurve analysisCircumflex artery diseaseMain coronary diseaseVisual angiographic assessmentIndependent core laboratoryRetrospective observational studyCoronary artery diseaseIntravascular ultrasound evaluationFractional flow reserveCoronary diseaseUltrasound evaluationAngiographic assessmentIntravascular ultrasound dataFlow reserveObservational studyPatientsPerformance of quantitative flow ratio in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Sejr‐Hansen M, Christiansen EH, Ahmad Y, Vendrik J, Westra J, Holm NR, Thim T, Seligman H, Hall K, Sen S, Terkelsen CJ, Eftekhari A. Performance of quantitative flow ratio in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Catheterization And Cardiovascular Interventions 2021, 99: 68-73. PMID: 33533535, DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29518.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTranscatheter aortic valve implantationAortic valve stenosisCoronary artery diseaseInstantaneous wave-free ratioFractional flow reserveQuantitative flow ratioAortic valve implantationValve implantationDiagnostic performancePressure wirePresence of ASSevere aortic valve stenosisAortic valve replacementCoronary pressure wireGood diagnostic performanceValve replacementAortic stenosisArtery diseaseValve stenosisCoronary angiogramFlow reservePatientsCAD evaluationDiagnostic accuracyStenosis
2020
Safety of Revascularization Deferral of Left Main Stenosis Based on Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Evaluation
Warisawa T, Cook CM, Rajkumar C, Howard JP, Seligman H, Ahmad Y, El Hajj S, Doi S, Nakajima A, Nakayama M, Goto S, Vera-Urquiza R, Sato T, Kikuta Y, Kawase Y, Nishina H, Petraco R, Al-Lamee R, Nijjer S, Sen S, Nakamura S, Lerman A, Matsuo H, Francis DP, Akashi YJ, Escaned J, Davies JE. Safety of Revascularization Deferral of Left Main Stenosis Based on Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Evaluation. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions 2020, 13: 1655-1664. PMID: 32417088, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2020.02.035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedClinical Decision-MakingCoronary Artery BypassCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary StenosisEuropeFemaleFractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedPercutaneous Coronary InterventionPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesRegistriesRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTime-to-TreatmentTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsInstantaneous wave-free ratioNonfatal myocardial infarctionPrimary endpointLM stenosisCause deathLesion revascularizationSecondary endpointsCardiac deathMyocardial infarctionIschemia-driven target lesion revascularizationSimilar long-term outcomesStable coronary artery diseaseMain coronary artery stenosisLong-term clinical outcomesSafety of deferralMulticenter observational studyTarget lesion revascularizationLeft main stenosisCoronary artery diseaseLong-term outcomesCoronary artery stenosisDeferred groupLM revascularizationMedian followRevascularization deferralDifference in functional assessment of individual stenosis severity in serial coronary lesions between resting and hyperemic pressure-wire pullback: Insights from the GIFT registry
Warisawa T, Howard JP, Kawase Y, Tanigaki T, Omori H, Cook CM, Ahmad Y, Francis DP, Akashi YJ, Matsuo H, Davies JE. Difference in functional assessment of individual stenosis severity in serial coronary lesions between resting and hyperemic pressure-wire pullback: Insights from the GIFT registry. International Journal Of Cardiology 2020, 312: 10-15. PMID: 32376416, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.05.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFractional flow reserveInstantaneous wave-free ratioCoronary lesionsPressure-wire pullbackCoronary artery lesionsPhysiological assessmentArtery lesionsConsecutive patientsCoronary stenosisHemodynamic significanceWave-free periodFlow reserveHemodynamic interactionSerial lesionsSerial stenosesFunctional assessmentStenosis severityLesionsStenosisHyperemic conditionsStatistical differenceWhole cardiac cycleReference standardCardiac cyclePredominancePer-Vessel Level Analysis of Fractional Flow Reserve and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Discordance ― Insights From the AJIP Registry ―
Warisawa T, Cook CM, Seligman H, Howard JP, Ahmad Y, Rajkumar C, Doi S, Nakayama M, Tanigaki T, Omori H, Nakajima A, Yamanaka F, Goto S, Yakuta Y, Karube K, Uetani T, Kikuta Y, Shiono Y, Kawase Y, Nishina H, Nakamura S, Escaned J, Akashi YJ, Matsuo H, Davies JE. Per-Vessel Level Analysis of Fractional Flow Reserve and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Discordance ― Insights From the AJIP Registry ―. Circulation Journal 2020, 84: 1034-1038. PMID: 32321880, DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0785.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFractional flow reserveInstantaneous wave-free ratioFlow reservePressure-wire pullbackVessel level analysisPhysiological patternsLeft anteriorFocal diseaseDiseaseCOMPARISON OF INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND-DERIVED MINIMUM LUMEN AREA AND INSTANTANEOUS WAVE-FREE RATIO IN LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Lerman A, Toya T, Hajj S, Warisawa T, Nan J, Cook C, Rajkumar C, Howard J, Seligman H, Ahmad Y, Doi S, Nakajima A, Nakayama M, Goto S, Vera-Urquiza R, Sato T, Kikuta Y, Kawase Y, Nishina H, Nakamura S, Matsuo H, Escaned J, Akashi Y, Davies J. COMPARISON OF INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND-DERIVED MINIMUM LUMEN AREA AND INSTANTANEOUS WAVE-FREE RATIO IN LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2020, 75: 1392. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32019-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLong‐Term Effects of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Coronary Hemodynamics in Patients With Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease and Severe Aortic Stenosis
Vendrik J, Ahmad Y, Eftekhari A, Howard JP, Wijntjens GWM, Stegehuis VE, Cook C, Terkelsen CJ, Christiansen EH, Koch KT, Piek JJ, Sen S, Baan J. Long‐Term Effects of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Coronary Hemodynamics in Patients With Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease and Severe Aortic Stenosis. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 9: e015133. PMID: 32102615, PMCID: PMC7335578, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015133.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTranscatheter aortic valve implantationSevere aortic stenosisConcomitant coronary artery diseaseAortic stenosisAortic valve implantationCoronary artery diseasePost-TAVICoronary flowArtery diseaseValve implantationCoronary hemodynamicsLarge-scale prospective randomized trialsFractional flow reserve assessmentProspective randomized trialsLow-risk patientsHyperemic coronary flowInstantaneous wave-free ratioFractional flow reserveCoronary stenosis severityYounger patientsCoronary lesionsRandomized trialsDiastolic flowPatient populationWave-free period
2019
Determining the Predominant Lesion in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Stenoses
Ahmad Y, Vendrik J, Eftekhari A, Howard JP, Cook C, Rajkumar C, Malik I, Mikhail G, Ruparelia N, Hadjiloizou N, Nijjer S, Al-Lamee R, Petraco R, Warisawa T, Wijntjens GWM, Koch KT, van de Hoef T, de Waard G, Echavarria-Pinto M, Frame A, Sutaria N, Kanaganayagam G, Ariff B, Anderson J, Chukwuemeka A, Fertleman M, Koul S, Iglesias JF, Francis D, Mayet J, Serruys P, Davies J, Escaned J, van Royen N, Götberg M, Terkelsen C, Christiansen E, Piek JJ, Baan J, Sen S. Determining the Predominant Lesion in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Stenoses. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2019, 12: e008263-e008263. PMID: 31752515, PMCID: PMC6924937, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.119.008263.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAortic ValveAortic Valve StenosisBlood Flow VelocityCardiac CatheterizationCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary CirculationCoronary StenosisCoronary VesselsEuropeFemaleHemodynamicsHumansMaleMicrocirculationPercutaneous Coronary InterventionPredictive Value of TestsRecovery of FunctionSeverity of Illness IndexTranscatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementTreatment OutcomeConceptsTranscatheter aortic valve implantationSevere aortic stenosisPercutaneous coronary interventionAortic stenosisCoronary artery diseaseCoronary stenosisIntermediate coronary stenosisCoronary diseaseCoronary interventionArtery diseaseCoronary microcirculationWave-free periodInstantaneous wave-free ratio valueConcomitant coronary artery diseaseConcomitant coronary diseaseAortic valve implantationInstantaneous wave-free ratioPhysiology-guided revascularizationExertional symptomsPost-TAVIHemodynamic improvementHemodynamic benefitsValve implantationCoronary lesionsMicrovascular resistancePhysiological Pattern of Disease Assessed by Pressure-Wire Pullback Has an Influence on Fractional Flow Reserve/Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Discordance
Warisawa T, Cook CM, Howard JP, Ahmad Y, Doi S, Nakayama M, Goto S, Yakuta Y, Karube K, Shun-Shin MJ, Petraco R, Sen S, Nijjer S, Lamee R, Ishibashi Y, Matsuda H, Escaned J, di Mario C, Francis DP, Akashi YJ, Davies JE. Physiological Pattern of Disease Assessed by Pressure-Wire Pullback Has an Influence on Fractional Flow Reserve/Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Discordance. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2019, 12: e007494-e007494. PMID: 31084237, PMCID: PMC6553990, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.118.007494.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInstantaneous wave-free ratioFractional flow reservePressure-wire pullbackCoronary artery diseaseArtery diseaseCoronary lesionsHemodynamic significancePhysiological patternsInternational multicenter registryIntermediate coronary lesionsMedian fractional flow reserveMulticenter registryFlow reserveDiseaseLesionsCut pointsIFR measurementDiscordanceRegistryFactorsClinical Events After Deferral of LAD Revascularization Following Physiological Coronary Assessment
Sen S, Ahmad Y, Dehbi HM, Howard JP, Iglesias JF, Al-Lamee R, Petraco R, Nijjer S, Bhindi R, Lehman S, Walters D, Sapontis J, Janssens L, Vrints CJ, Khashaba A, Laine M, Van Belle E, Krackhardt F, Bojara W, Going O, Härle T, Indolfi C, Niccoli G, Ribichini F, Tanaka N, Yokoi H, Takashima H, Kikuta Y, Erglis A, Vinhas H, Silva PC, Baptista SB, Alghamdi A, Hellig F, Koo BK, Nam CW, Shin ES, Doh JH, Brugaletta S, Alegria-Barrero E, Meuwissen M, Piek JJ, van Royen N, Sezer M, Di Mario C, Gerber RT, Malik IS, Sharp ASP, Talwar S, Tang K, Samady H, Altman J, Seto AH, Singh J, Jeremias A, Matsuo H, Kharbanda RK, Patel MR, Serruys P, Escaned J, Davies JE. Clinical Events After Deferral of LAD Revascularization Following Physiological Coronary Assessment. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2019, 73: 444-453. PMID: 30704577, PMCID: PMC6354033, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.070.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMajor adverse cardiac eventsInstantaneous wave-free ratioFractional flow reserveLAD lesionsMyocardial infarctionUnplanned revascularizationLeft anterior descending (LAD) arteryEvent ratesLower myocardial infarctionAdverse cardiac eventsAnterior descending (LAD) arteryPhysiological assessmentLow event ratesMACE rateCardiac eventsCardiovascular deathClinical eventsFlow reserveHigh riskPatientsLesionsLADRevascularizationTrialsTreatment
2018
Coronary Hemodynamics in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Implications for Clinical Indices of Coronary Stenosis Severity
Ahmad Y, Götberg M, Cook C, Howard JP, Malik I, Mikhail G, Frame A, Petraco R, Rajkumar C, Demir O, Iglesias JF, Bhindi R, Koul S, Hadjiloizou N, Gerber R, Ramrakha P, Ruparelia N, Sutaria N, Kanaganayagam G, Ariff B, Fertleman M, Anderson J, Chukwuemeka A, Francis D, Mayet J, Serruys P, Davies J, Sen S. Coronary Hemodynamics in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Implications for Clinical Indices of Coronary Stenosis Severity. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions 2018, 11: 2019-2031. PMID: 30154062, PMCID: PMC6197079, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.07.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAortic Valve StenosisBlood Flow VelocityCardiac CatheterizationCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary StenosisFemaleFractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialHemodynamicsHumansHyperemiaLondonMalePredictive Value of TestsReproducibility of ResultsSeverity of Illness IndexSwedenTranscatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementTreatment OutcomeConceptsSevere aortic stenosisTranscatheter aortic valve replacementCoronary artery diseaseCoronary stenosis severityAortic stenosisHyperemic coronary flowFractional flow reserveArtery diseaseCoronary flowStenosis severityWave-free periodClinical indicesHyperemic flowFlow reserveInstantaneous wave-free ratio valueIntracoronary pressureConcomitant coronary artery diseaseAortic valve replacementStenotic aortic valvesInstantaneous wave-free ratioPhasic coronary flowValve replacementHyperemic indexAortic valveCoronary pressureFractional Flow Reserve and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio as Predictors of the Placebo-Controlled Response to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Single-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: Physiology-Stratified Analysis of ORBITA
Al-Lamee R, Howard JP, Shun-Shin MJ, Thompson D, Dehbi HM, Sen S, Nijjer S, Petraco R, Davies J, Keeble T, Tang K, Malik IS, Cook C, Ahmad Y, Sharp ASP, Gerber R, Baker C, Kaprielian R, Talwar S, Assomull R, Cole G, Keenan NG, Kanaganayagam G, Sehmi J, Wensel R, Harrell FE, Mayet J, Thom SA, Davies JE, Francis DP. Fractional Flow Reserve and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio as Predictors of the Placebo-Controlled Response to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Single-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: Physiology-Stratified Analysis of ORBITA. Circulation 2018, 138: circulationaha.118.033801. PMID: 29789302, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033801.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenergic beta-1 Receptor AgonistsAgedAngina, StableCardiac CatheterizationCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary StenosisDobutamineEchocardiography, StressExercise TestExercise ToleranceFemaleFractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialHealth StatusHumansMaleMiddle AgedPercutaneous Coronary InterventionPredictive Value of TestsProgression-Free SurvivalQuality of LifeRecovery of FunctionSeverity of Illness IndexTime FactorsUnited KingdomConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionInstantaneous wave-free ratioFractional flow reserveSingle-vessel coronary artery diseaseTreadmill exercise timeCoronary artery diseaseExercise timeEchocardiography scoreStable anginaCoronary interventionArtery diseaseFlow reserveCanadian Cardiovascular Society class IIEffect of PCISevere single-vessel diseaseSingle-vessel coronary diseaseMean fractional flow reserveAngina frequency scorePlacebo-controlled effectsPlacebo-controlled efficacyPlacebo-controlled trialTotal exercise timeSingle-vessel diseaseAngina severityEchocardiographic improvementA case report of the clinical effect of chronic total occlusion recanalization on the instantaneous wave-free ratio in the donor artery
Ahmad Y, Al-Lamee R, Davies J, Sen S. A case report of the clinical effect of chronic total occlusion recanalization on the instantaneous wave-free ratio in the donor artery. European Heart Journal - Case Reports 2018, 2: 1-4. PMID: 31020109, PMCID: PMC6177112, DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/yty014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInstantaneous wave-free ratioPercutaneous coronary interventionChronic total occlusionDonor arteryChronic total occlusion recanalizationAmount of myocardiumFractional flow reserveCoronary stenosis severityCTO recanalizationCoronary interventionClinical effectsCollateral vesselsTotal occlusionCase reportFlow reserveCoronary physiologyStenosis severitySubtended myocardiumRecanalizationPrevious casesArteryFirst caseMyocardiumStenosis
2017
Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Al-Lamee R, Thompson D, Dehbi HM, Sen S, Tang K, Davies J, Keeble T, Mielewczik M, Kaprielian R, Malik IS, Nijjer SS, Petraco R, Cook C, Ahmad Y, Howard J, Baker C, Sharp A, Gerber R, Talwar S, Assomull R, Mayet J, Wensel R, Collier D, Shun-Shin M, Thom SA, Davies JE, Francis DP, investigators O, Al-Lamee R, Thompson D, Sen S, Tang K, Davies J, Keeble T, Kaprielian R, Malik I, Nijjer S, Petraco R, Cook C, Ahmad Y, Howard J, Shun-Shin M, Sethi A, Baker C, Sharp A, Ramrakha P, Gerber R, Talwar S, Assomull R, Foale R, Mayet J, Wensel R, Thom S, Davies J, Francis D, Khamis R, Hadjiloizou N, Khan M, Kooner J, Bellamy M, Mikhail G, Clifford P, O'Kane P, Levy T, Swallow R. Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 2017, 391: 31-40. PMID: 29103656, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32714-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionPlacebo procedureExercise timeBiomedical Research CentrePlacebo groupPrimary endpointStable anginaCoronary interventionTrials of PCISingle-vessel stenosisMajor bleeding eventsSerious adverse eventsCardiopulmonary exercise testingDobutamine stress echocardiographySevere coronary stenosisInstantaneous wave-free ratioFractional flow reserveBleeding eventsPCI groupIschemic symptomsAdverse eventsExercise testingMedication optimizationAngina reliefRelated complications