Combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and receptor blockade associate with increased risk of cardiovascular death in hemodialysis patients
Chan KE, Ikizler TA, Gamboa JL, Yu C, Hakim RM, Brown NJ. Combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and receptor blockade associate with increased risk of cardiovascular death in hemodialysis patients. Kidney International 2011, 80: 978-985. PMID: 21775975, PMCID: PMC3656595, DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.228.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansHypertensionKaplan-Meier EstimateKidney Failure, ChronicLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPropensity ScoreProportional Hazards ModelsRenal DialysisRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSurvival RateTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsAngiotensin receptor blockersAntihypertensive medicationsARB therapyCardiovascular deathChronic hemodialysisCardiovascular mortalityHazard ratioHemodialysis patientsRisk factorsBaseline cardiovascular risk factorsAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitionLarge dialysis providerCardiovascular risk factorsChronic hemodialysis patientsKaplan-Meier methodMortality hazard ratioAntihypertensive therapyReceptor blockersAntihypertensive agentsCox regressionCerebrovascular mortalityClinical trialsTreatment weightingObservational studyACEI