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Graeme Mason, PhD

Professor of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and of Psychiatry; Director Metabolic Modeling and Director Psychiatric MRS, Magnetic Resonance Research Center; Director, Neuroimaging Sciences Training Program, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging and Psychiatry; Chair, Magnetic Resonance Research Center Protocol Review Committee, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging

Research & Publications
Biography
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Research Summary

Dr. Mason's research program is focused on the development and evaluation of quantitative hypotheses of brain energy utilization, neurotransmitter metabolism, and function, as well as their application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Dr. Mason's primary methodologies are 1H, 2H, and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mathematical modeling of metabolism and enzyme kinetics, and the effects of alcohol and other substances on GABA, glutamate, and energy metabolism form a primary research focus for his program.

MRS uses technology that is similar to that of standard MRI, but the results are measurements of chemicals instead of images. The chemical measurements are used to measure the effects of variability in function, disease, and pharmacology on the concentrations of brain glutamate, glutamine, GABA and other compounds that are important for brain activity.

Among the most unique capacities of this laboratory is the ability to use MRS to measure metabolic rates with the stable isotope 13C by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. It is possible to observe the synthesis of glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and other compounds in the intact brain, with collaborative studies to examine other systems. Measurements of the synthesis of these compounds provide an assessment of neurotransmission and energetics in the brain. To plan experiments and evaluate data, mathematical simulations of brain metabolism are used with a user-friendly package called CWave, which allows a user to simulate the flow of isotopic labels through metabolism and follow their distribution in various isotopomeric patterns. As theories are developed, new experiments planned, and new data obtained, the models are constantly under revision and expansion.

The goals of the laboratory are to acquire the necessary data and create concrete mathematical expressions of the metabolic regulation of metabolism in the brain and other systems. Such expressions will help understand basic biochemical regulation, aid the development and evaluation of pharmacologic agents, and predict the effects of functional perturbations on the health and activity of the human brain.

Extensive Research Description

Dr. Mason's research integrates quantitative approaches to measure functional brain chemistry and the study of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The primary methods used are 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy, with some studies using mass spectrometry, as well as the mathematical assessment of metabolism. Current areas of research include alcohol effects, depression, alcoholism, and post-traumatic stress disorder. His primary areas of interest are the effects of alcohol on the brain, and to that end, his research evaluates acute and chronic effects of alcohol and its oxidation on the brain, from the perspectives of neurotransmission, metabolism, adaptation, and vulnerability to dependence.

Coauthors

Research Interests

Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Amino Acids; Carbohydrates; Central Nervous System Diseases; Fatty Acids; Mathematical Computing; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Mood Disorders; Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neuroimaging

Public Health Interests

Mental Health; Metabolism; Modeling; Substance Use, Addiction

Selected Publications

Biological embedding of early trauma: the role of higher prefrontal synaptic strengthTamman A, Jiang L, Averill C, Mason G, Averill L, Abdallah C. Biological embedding of early trauma: the role of higher prefrontal synaptic strength. European Journal Of Psychotraumatology 2023, 14: 2246338. PMID: 37642398, PMCID: PMC10467533, DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2246338.
Measurement of neuro‐energetics and neurotransmission in the rat olfactory bulb using 1H and 1H–[13C] NMR spectroscopyChowdhury G, Behar K, Mason G, Rothman D, de Graaf R. Measurement of neuro‐energetics and neurotransmission in the rat olfactory bulb using 1H and 1H–[13C] NMR spectroscopy. NMR In Biomedicine 2023, e4957. PMID: 37088548, PMCID: PMC10590826, DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4957.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy: basic principles and recent findings in neuropsychiatric disordersMason GF, Krystal JH, Sanacora G. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy: basic principles and recent findings in neuropsychiatric disorders. In Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Wolters Kluwer (Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P, eds.) (in press)
Q-Flux: A method to assess hepatic mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, and glutaminase fluxes in vivoHubbard B, LaMoia T, Goedeke L, Gaspar R, Galsgaard K, Kahn M, Mason G, Shulman G. Q-Flux: A method to assess hepatic mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, and glutaminase fluxes in vivo. Cell Metabolism 2022, 35: 212-226.e4. PMID: 36516861, PMCID: PMC9887731, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.011.
P193. Right Lateral Amygdala Nucleus Volume in Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder Assessed With High Field Magnetic Resonance ImagingYe J, Fan S, Coman D, Kolosowska N, Goldman D, Spencer L, Qiu M, Dhaher R, Sankar A, Colic L, Mason G, Rothman D, Fudge J, Berretta S, Blumberg H. P193. Right Lateral Amygdala Nucleus Volume in Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder Assessed With High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biological Psychiatry 2022, 91: s165. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.427.
Methods | 13C MRS Measurements of in Vivo Rates of the Glutamate/Glutamine and GABA/Glutamine Neurotransmitter CyclesRothman D, De Feyter H, Mason G, de Graaf R, Hyder F, Behar K. Methods | 13C MRS Measurements of in Vivo Rates of the Glutamate/Glutamine and GABA/Glutamine Neurotransmitter Cycles. 2021, 688-700. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819460-7.00341-8.
1762-P: Poor Sleep Quality Is Associated with Lower Absolute Cerebral Glucose LevelsSTANLEY T, GUNAWAN F, REDEKER N, JIANG L, COPPOLI A, ROTHMAN D, MASON G, HWANG J. 1762-P: Poor Sleep Quality Is Associated with Lower Absolute Cerebral Glucose Levels. Diabetes 2020, 69 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1762-p.
1772-P: Reversibility of Altered Brain Glucose Kinetics in T2DMRANGEL E, GUNAWAN F, JIANG L, SAVOYE M, DAI F, ROTHMAN D, MASON G, HWANG J. 1772-P: Reversibility of Altered Brain Glucose Kinetics in T2DM. Diabetes 2020, 69 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1772-p.
369-OR: [1,2-13C2]-L-Glutamine Mass Isotopomers Map Hepatic Mitochondrial Metabolism without Tracer InterferenceSIEBEL S, CARDONE R, ABULIZI A, RAAISA R, WILLIAMS R, SEHGAL R, BUTRICO G, CLINE G, ROTHMAN D, MASON G, KIBBEY R. 369-OR: [1,2-13C2]-L-Glutamine Mass Isotopomers Map Hepatic Mitochondrial Metabolism without Tracer Interference. Diabetes 2020, 69 DOI: 10.2337/db20-369-or.
A Preliminary MRS and fMRI Study of Neurochemistry and Memory Processing in Emerging Adult Marijuana UsersDager A, Marjanska M, Mason G, Meagher C, Tice M, Ragland J, Silveri M, Book G, Assaf M, Stevens M, Pearlson G. A Preliminary MRS and fMRI Study of Neurochemistry and Memory Processing in Emerging Adult Marijuana Users. Biological Psychiatry 2020, 87: s244. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.632.
Impaired neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity in chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression: Reversal of behavioral and metabolic deficit with lanicemineMishra PK, Adusumilli M, Deolal P, Mason GF, Kumar A, Patel AB. Impaired neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity in chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression: Reversal of behavioral and metabolic deficit with lanicemine. Neurochemistry International 2020, 137: 104750. PMID: 32360130, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104750.
A novel biomarker of neuronal glutamate metabolism in non-human primate using localized 1H MRS: Development and effects of BNC375, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulator.Miller CO, Liza T. Gantert LT, Previs SF, Chen Y, Anderson KD, Thomas JM, Sanacora S, Uslaner JM, Rothman DL, Mason GF. Biol Psych: Cogn Neurosci Neuroimag (in press)
228-OR: Cerebral Glucose Transport and Metabolism in ObesityGUNAWAN F, JIANG L, LEVENTHAL J, PACH J, RANGEL E, BELFORT-DEAGUIAR R, COPPOLI A, ROTHMAN D, SHERWIN R, MASON G, HWANG J. 228-OR: Cerebral Glucose Transport and Metabolism in Obesity. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-228-or.
Elevated Nonesterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) Are Associated with Blunted Hyperglycemia-Induced Increments in Brain Glucose LevelsLAM W, JIANG L, BUTRICO G, CLINE G, RANGEL E, HAMZA M, PARIKH L, BELFORT-DEAGUIAR R, ROTHMAN D, MASON G, SHERWIN R, HWANG J. Elevated Nonesterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) Are Associated with Blunted Hyperglycemia-Induced Increments in Brain Glucose Levels. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-2427-pub.
Increased Glycemic Variability Is Associated with Augmented Brain Glucose Transport amongst Poorly Controlled T1DM IndividualsHWANG J, JIANG L, LAM W, RANGEL E, ROTHMAN D, MASON G, SHERWIN R. Increased Glycemic Variability Is Associated with Augmented Brain Glucose Transport amongst Poorly Controlled T1DM Individuals. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-204-or.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 and Glutamate Involvement in Major Depressive Disorder: A Multimodal Imaging StudyAbdallah CG, Hannestad J, Mason GF, Holmes SE, DellaGioia N, Sanacora G, Jiang L, Matuskey D, Satodiya R, Gasparini F, Lin X, Javitch J, Planeta B, Nabulsi N, Carson RE, Esterlis I. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 and Glutamate Involvement in Major Depressive Disorder: A Multimodal Imaging Study. Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience And Neuroimaging 2017, 2: 449-456. PMID: 28993818, PMCID: PMC5630181, DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.03.019.
The human brain produces fructose from glucoseHwang JJ, Jiang L, Hamza M, Dai F, Belfort-DeAguiar R, Cline G, Rothman DL, Mason G, Sherwin RS. The human brain produces fructose from glucose. JCI Insight 2017, 2: e90508. PMID: 28239653, PMCID: PMC5313070, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90508.
Reproducibility measurement of glutathione, GABA, and glutamate: Towards in vivo neurochemical profiling of multiple sclerosis with MR spectroscopy at 7TPrinsen H, de Graaf RA, Mason GF, Pelletier D, Juchem C. Reproducibility measurement of glutathione, GABA, and glutamate: Towards in vivo neurochemical profiling of multiple sclerosis with MR spectroscopy at 7T. Journal Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2016, 45: 187-198. PMID: 27351712, PMCID: PMC5167659, DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25356.
Integrated, Step-Wise, Mass-Isotopomeric Flux Analysis of the TCA CycleAlves TC, Pongratz RL, Zhao X, Yarborough O, Sereda S, Shirihai O, Cline GW, Mason G, Kibbey RG. Integrated, Step-Wise, Mass-Isotopomeric Flux Analysis of the TCA Cycle. Cell Metabolism 2015, 22: 936-947. PMID: 26411341, PMCID: PMC4635072, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.021.
Glutamate Metabolism in Major Depressive DisorderAbdallah CG, Jiang L, De Feyter HM, Fasula M, Krystal JH, Rothman DL, Mason GF, Sanacora G. Glutamate Metabolism in Major Depressive Disorder. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2014, 171: 1320-1327. PMID: 25073688, PMCID: PMC4472484, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14010067.
Compartmental Analysis of Metabolism by 13C Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMason G, Jiang L, Behar K. Compartmental Analysis of Metabolism by 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 2014, 90: 293-339. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1059-5_13.
Oxidation of ethanol in the rat brain and effects associated with chronic ethanol exposureWang J, Du H, Jiang L, Ma X, de Graaf RA, Behar KL, Mason GF. Oxidation of ethanol in the rat brain and effects associated with chronic ethanol exposure. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2013, 110: 14444-14449. PMID: 23940368, PMCID: PMC3761635, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306011110.
Lactate preserves neuronal metabolism and function following antecedent recurrent hypoglycemiaHerzog RI, Jiang L, Herman P, Zhao C, Sanganahalli BG, Mason GF, Hyder F, Rothman DL, Sherwin RS, Behar KL. Lactate preserves neuronal metabolism and function following antecedent recurrent hypoglycemia. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2013, 123: 1988-1998. PMID: 23543056, PMCID: PMC3638906, DOI: 10.1172/jci65105.
Intravenous Ethanol Infusion Decreases Human Cortical γ-Aminobutyric Acid and N-Acetylaspartate as Measured with Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 4 TeslaGomez R, Behar KL, Watzl J, Weinzimer SA, Gulanski B, Sanacora G, Koretski J, Guidone E, Jiang L, Petrakis IL, Pittman B, Krystal JH, Mason GF. Intravenous Ethanol Infusion Decreases Human Cortical γ-Aminobutyric Acid and N-Acetylaspartate as Measured with Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 4 Tesla. Biological Psychiatry 2011, 71: 239-246. PMID: 21855054, PMCID: PMC3227760, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.026.
Molecular imaging of substance abuseSchweinsburg B, Schweinsburg A, Mason G. Molecular imaging of substance abuse. 2010, 446-462. DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511782091.032.
Regional metabolite levels and turnover in the awake rat brain under the influence of nicotineWang J, Jiang L, Jiang Y, Ma X, Chowdhury GM, Mason GF. Regional metabolite levels and turnover in the awake rat brain under the influence of nicotine. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2010, 113: 1447-1458. PMID: 20345764, PMCID: PMC2903655, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06684.x.
Evaluation of Cerebral Acetate Transport and Metabolic Rates in the Rat Brain in vivo Using 1H-[13C]-NMRPatel AB, de Graaf RA, Rothman DL, Behar KL, Mason GF. Evaluation of Cerebral Acetate Transport and Metabolic Rates in the Rat Brain in vivo Using 1H-[13C]-NMR. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2010, 30: 1200-1213. PMID: 20125180, PMCID: PMC2879471, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.2.
Altered Brain Mitochondrial Metabolism in Healthy Aging as Assessed by in vivo Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyBoumezbeur F, Mason GF, de Graaf RA, Behar KL, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Rothman DL, Petersen KF. Altered Brain Mitochondrial Metabolism in Healthy Aging as Assessed by in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2009, 30: 211-221. PMID: 19794401, PMCID: PMC2949111, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.197.
P151 In vivo 1H-[13C] MRS: A comprehensive tool to investigate the metabolic basis of brain function and diseasevan Eijsden P, Behar K, Mason G, Braun K, de Graaf R. P151 In vivo 1H-[13C] MRS: A comprehensive tool to investigate the metabolic basis of brain function and disease. European Journal Of Paediatric Neurology 2009, 13: s67. DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3798(09)70209-0.
Measurements of the anaplerotic rate in the human cerebral cortex using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and [1‐13C] and [2‐13C] glucoseMason GF, Petersen KF, De Graaf RA, Shulman GI, Rothman DL. Measurements of the anaplerotic rate in the human cerebral cortex using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and [1‐13C] and [2‐13C] glucose. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2006, 100: 73-86. PMID: 17076763, PMCID: PMC2995551, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04200.x.
Increased Brain Monocarboxylic Acid Transport and Utilization in Type 1 DiabetesMason GF, Petersen KF, Lebon V, Rothman DL, Shulman GI. Increased Brain Monocarboxylic Acid Transport and Utilization in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2006, 55: 929-934. PMID: 16567513, PMCID: PMC2995526, DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1325.
Energetic costs associated with glutamatergic and gabaergic neurotransmissionde Graaf R, Patel A, Mason G, Rothman D, Shulman R, Behar K. Energetic costs associated with glutamatergic and gabaergic neurotransmission. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2005, 25: s706-s706. DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9591524.0707.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies of Alcoholism: From Heavy Drinking to Alcohol Dependence and Back AgainMason G, Bendszus M, Meyerhoff D, Hetherington H, Schweinsburg B, Ross B, Taylor M, Krystal J. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies of Alcoholism: From Heavy Drinking to Alcohol Dependence and Back Again. Alcohol Clinical And Experimental Research 2005, 29: 150-158. PMID: 15895489, DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000150010.72739.58.
The Role of Altered Energetics of Neurotransmitter Systems in Psychiatric DiseaseMason G. The Role of Altered Energetics of Neurotransmitter Systems in Psychiatric Disease. 2004, 239-256. DOI: 10.1002/0470020520.ch13.
Metabolic Modeling Analysis of Brain MetabolismMason G. Metabolic Modeling Analysis of Brain Metabolism. 2004, 53-72. DOI: 10.1002/0470020520.ch4.
Corrigendum to “A comparison of 13C NMR measurements of the rates of glutamine synthesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle during oral and intravenous administration of [1-13C]glucose” [Brain Research Protocols, 10 (2003) 181–190]☆Mason G, Petersen K, de Graaf R, Kanamatsu T, Otsuki T, Rothman D. Corrigendum to “A comparison of 13C NMR measurements of the rates of glutamine synthesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle during oral and intravenous administration of [1-13C]glucose” [Brain Research Protocols, 10 (2003) 181–190]☆. Brain Research 2003, 11: 143. DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(03)00021-7.
Alcohol and Glutamate Neurotransmission in Humans: Implications for Reward, Dependence, and TreatmentKrystal J, Petrakis I, D'Souza D, Mason G, Trevisan L. Alcohol and Glutamate Neurotransmission in Humans: Implications for Reward, Dependence, and Treatment. 2002, 0: 389-398. DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-306-2:389.
Applications of 13C Labeling to Studies of Human Brain Metabolism In VivoMason G. Applications of 13C Labeling to Studies of Human Brain Metabolism In Vivo. 2002, 15: 181-214. DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47078-0_6.
Decrease in GABA synthesis rate in rat cortex following GABA-transaminase inhibition correlates with the decrease in GAD67 proteinMason G, Martin D, Martin S, Manor D, Sibson N, Patel A, Rothman D, Behar K. Decrease in GABA synthesis rate in rat cortex following GABA-transaminase inhibition correlates with the decrease in GAD67 protein. Brain Research 2001, 914: 81-91. PMID: 11578600, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02778-0.
Aplicações da ressonância magnética para medidas espectroscópicas da neurotransmissãoMason G, Behar K, Krystal J, Rothman D. Aplicações da ressonância magnética para medidas espectroscópicas da neurotransmissão. Brazilian Journal Of Psychiatry 2001, 23: 6-10. DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462001000500004.
In vivo13C NMR measurement of neurotransmitter glutamate cycling, anaplerosis and TCA cycle flux in rat brain during [2‐13C]glucose infusionSibson N, Mason G, Shen J, Cline G, Herskovits A, Wall J, Behar K, Rothman D, Shulman R. In vivo13C NMR measurement of neurotransmitter glutamate cycling, anaplerosis and TCA cycle flux in rat brain during [2‐13C]glucose infusion. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2001, 76: 975-989. PMID: 11181817, DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00074.x.
Differential increase in cerebral cortical glucose oxidative metabolism during rat postnatal development is greater in vivo than in vitroNovotny E, Ariyan C, Mason G, O’Reilly J, Haddad G, Behar K. Differential increase in cerebral cortical glucose oxidative metabolism during rat postnatal development is greater in vivo than in vitro. Brain Research 2001, 888: 193-202. PMID: 11150475, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03051-1.
Nonlinear determination of Michaelis-Menten kinetics with model evaluation through estimation of uncertaintiesMason G, Lai J. Nonlinear determination of Michaelis-Menten kinetics with model evaluation through estimation of uncertainties. Metabolic Brain Disease 2000, 15: 133-149. PMID: 11092580, DOI: 10.1007/bf02679980.
305. Reduced cortical GABA in depression is not due to decreased gray matterSanacora G, Mason G, Rothman D, Epperson C, Goddard A, Krystal J. 305. Reduced cortical GABA in depression is not due to decreased gray matter. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 47: s92. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00569-2.
303. Measurement of human cortical GABA synthesis in vivoMason G, Petersen K, Shen J, Behar K, Petroff O, Shulman G, Rothman D. 303. Measurement of human cortical GABA synthesis in vivo. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 47: s92. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00567-9.
304. Cortical GABA reduced in unipolar but not bipolar depressionMason G, Sanacora G, Anand A, Epperson C, Goddard A, Rothman D, Charney D, Krystal J. 304. Cortical GABA reduced in unipolar but not bipolar depression. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 47: s92. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00568-0.
411. Measurement of the rate of pyruvate carboxylase in human brain by 13C MRSMason G, Petersen K, Shen J, Behar K, Petroff O, Shulman G, Rothman D. 411. Measurement of the rate of pyruvate carboxylase in human brain by 13C MRS. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 47: s126. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00681-8.
Dependence of Oxygen Delivery on Blood Flow in Rat Brain: A 7 Tesla Nuclear Magnetic Resonance StudyHyder F, Kennan R, Kida I, Mason G, Behar K, Rothman D. Dependence of Oxygen Delivery on Blood Flow in Rat Brain: A 7 Tesla Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2000, 20: 485-498. PMID: 10724113, DOI: 10.1097/00004647-200003000-00007.
Impairment of GABAergic Transmission in Depression: New Insights from Neuroimaging StudiesSanacora G, Mason G, Krystal J. Impairment of GABAergic Transmission in Depression: New Insights from Neuroimaging Studies. Critical Reviews In Neurobiology 2000, 14: 23. PMID: 11253954, DOI: 10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i1.20.
Measurement of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Rate in Human Grey and White Matter in Vivo by 1H-[13C] Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 4.1TMason G, Pan J, Chu W, Newcomer B, Zhang Y, Orr R, Hetherington H. Measurement of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Rate in Human Grey and White Matter in Vivo by 1H-[13C] Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 4.1T. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1999, 19: 1179-1188. PMID: 10566964, DOI: 10.1097/00004647-199911000-00002.
Determination of the rate of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13C NMRShen J, Petersen K, Behar K, Brown P, Nixon T, Mason G, Petroff O, Shulman G, Shulman R, Rothman D. Determination of the rate of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13C NMR. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1999, 96: 8235-8240. PMID: 10393978, PMCID: PMC22218, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8235.
1. ECT Effects on Cortical GABA Levels as Determined by 1H-MRSSanacora G, Mason G, Rothman D, Berman R, Charney D, Ciarcia J, Krystal J. 1. ECT Effects on Cortical GABA Levels as Determined by 1H-MRS. Journal Of Ect 1999, 15: 102. DOI: 10.1097/00124509-199903000-00009.
Functional Energy Metabolism:In vivo 13C-NMR Spectroscopy Evidence for Coupling of Cerebral Glucose Consumption and Gl utamatergic Neuronal ActivitySibson N, Shen J, Mason G, Rothman D, Behar K, Shulman R. Functional Energy Metabolism:In vivo 13C-NMR Spectroscopy Evidence for Coupling of Cerebral Glucose Consumption and Gl utamatergic Neuronal Activity. Developmental Neuroscience 1998, 20: 321-330. PMID: 9778568, DOI: 10.1159/000017327.
Lateralization of human temporal lobe epilepsy by 31P NMR spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 TChu W, Hetherington H, Kuzniecky R, Simor T, Mason G, Elgavish G. Lateralization of human temporal lobe epilepsy by 31P NMR spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 T. Neurology 1998, 51: 472-479. PMID: 9710021, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.51.2.472.
A novel k‐space trajectory measurement techniqueZhang Y, Hetherington H, Stokely E, Mason G, Twieg D. A novel k‐space trajectory measurement technique. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1998, 39: 999-1004. PMID: 9621924, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910390618.
Mapping Glutamatergic Activity: Stoichiometric Coupling of Brain Glucose Metabolism and Neurotransmitter Glutamate CyclingSibson N, Mason G, Behar K, Rothman D, Shulman R. Mapping Glutamatergic Activity: Stoichiometric Coupling of Brain Glucose Metabolism and Neurotransmitter Glutamate Cycling. NeuroImage 1998, 7: s287. DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31120-0.
24. Quantification of cortical GABA levels in neuropsychiatric patientsSanacora G, Goddard A, Gil R, D'Souza D, Abi-Saab W, Petroff O, Mattson R, Mason G, Behar K, Ciarcia J, Berman R, Charney D, Rothman D, Krystal J. 24. Quantification of cortical GABA levels in neuropsychiatric patients. Biological Psychiatry 1998, 43: s8. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)90472-3.
Evaluation of 31P metabolite differences in human cerebral gray and white matterMason G, Chu W, Vaughan J, Ponder S, Twieg D, Adams D, Hetherington H. Evaluation of 31P metabolite differences in human cerebral gray and white matter. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1998, 39: 346-353. PMID: 9498589, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910390303.
Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activitySibson N, Dhankhar A, Mason G, Rothman D, Behar K, Shulman R. Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activity. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1998, 95: 316-321. PMID: 9419373, PMCID: PMC18211, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.1.316.
Biological and clinical MRS at ultra‐high fieldHetherington H, Pan J, Chu W, Mason G, Newcomer B. Biological and clinical MRS at ultra‐high field. NMR In Biomedicine 1997, 10: 360-371. PMID: 9542734, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1492(199712)10:8<360::aid-nbm477>3.0.co;2-8.
Characterization of cerebral diaschisis post-stroke by rest and diamox rCBF brain SPECT and 4.1 T 1H spectroscopy imagingSan Pedro E, Mounb J, Mason G, Deutsch G. Characterization of cerebral diaschisis post-stroke by rest and diamox rCBF brain SPECT and 4.1 T 1H spectroscopy imaging. Academic Radiology 1997, 4: 840. DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(97)80284-x.
Oxidative Glucose Metabolism in Rat Brain During Single Forepaw Stimulation: A Spatially Localized 1H[13C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance StudyHyder F, Rothman* D, Mason† G, Rangarajan A, Behar‡ K, Shulman R. Oxidative Glucose Metabolism in Rat Brain During Single Forepaw Stimulation: A Spatially Localized 1H[13C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1997, 17: 1040-1047. PMID: 9346428, DOI: 10.1097/00004647-199710000-00005.
A Method to measure arbitrary k‐space trajectories for rapid MR imagingMason G, Harshbarger T, Hetherington H, Zhang Y, Pohost G, Twieg D. A Method to measure arbitrary k‐space trajectories for rapid MR imaging. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1997, 38: 492-496. PMID: 9339451, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910380318.
A General Approach to Error Estimation and Optimized Experiment Design, Applied to Multislice Imaging ofT1in Human Brain at 4.1 TMason G, Chu W, Hetherington H. A General Approach to Error Estimation and Optimized Experiment Design, Applied to Multislice Imaging ofT1in Human Brain at 4.1 T. Journal Of Magnetic Resonance 1997, 126: 18-29. PMID: 9177795, DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1997.1143.
In vivo 13C NMR measurements of cerebral glutamine synthesis as evidence for glutamate–glutamine cyclingSibson N, Dhankhar A, Mason G, Behar K, Rothman D, Shulman R. In vivo 13C NMR measurements of cerebral glutamine synthesis as evidence for glutamate–glutamine cycling. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1997, 94: 2699-2704. PMID: 9122259, PMCID: PMC20152, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.6.2699.
13C editing of glutamate in human brain using J‐refocused coherence transfer spectroscopy at 4.1 TPan J, Mason G, Vaughan J, Chu W, Zhang Y, Hetherington H. 13C editing of glutamate in human brain using J‐refocused coherence transfer spectroscopy at 4.1 T. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1997, 37: 355-358. PMID: 9055224, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910370308.
Evaluation of the metabolic components of the stroke penumbra by Tc-99m HMPAO spect and 4.1T 1H spectroscopyMountz J, Deutsch G, Inampudi C, San Pedro E, Mason G, Hetherington H, Mennemeier M, Richards J. Evaluation of the metabolic components of the stroke penumbra by Tc-99m HMPAO spect and 4.1T 1H spectroscopy. Academic Radiology 1996, 3: 1059. DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(96)80065-1.
The13C isotope and nuclear magnetic resonance: unique tools for the study of brain metabolismMason G, Behar K, Lai J. The13C isotope and nuclear magnetic resonance: unique tools for the study of brain metabolism. Metabolic Brain Disease 1996, 11: 283-313. PMID: 8979250, DOI: 10.1007/bf02029492.
Quantitative 1H spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 4.1 T using image segmentationHetherington H, Pan J, Mason G, Adams D, Vaughn M, Twieg D, Pohost G. Quantitative 1H spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 4.1 T using image segmentation. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1996, 36: 21-29. PMID: 8795016, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910360106.
Spectroscopic imaging of human brain glutamate by water‐suppressed J‐refocused coherence transfer at 4.1 TPan J, Mason G, Pohost G, Hetherington H. Spectroscopic imaging of human brain glutamate by water‐suppressed J‐refocused coherence transfer at 4.1 T. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1996, 36: 7-12. PMID: 8795013, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910360103.
fMRI detection of frontal eye field activationKidambi S, Gamlin P, Zhang Y, Hetherington H, Mason G, Twieg D. fMRI detection of frontal eye field activation. NeuroImage 1996, 3: s391. DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(96)80393-4.
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of human temporal lobe epilepsy at 4.1 THetherington H, Kuzniecky R, Pan J, Mason G, Morawetz R, Harris C, Faught E, Vaughan T, Pohost G. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of human temporal lobe epilepsy at 4.1 T. Annals Of Neurology 1995, 38: 396-404. PMID: 7668825, DOI: 10.1002/ana.410380309.
Numerically Optimized Experiment Design for Measurement of Grey/White Matter Metabolite T2 in High-Resolution Spectroscopic Images of BrainMason G, Pohost G, Hetherington H. Numerically Optimized Experiment Design for Measurement of Grey/White Matter Metabolite T2 in High-Resolution Spectroscopic Images of Brain. Journal Of Magnetic Resonance 1995, 107: 68-73. PMID: 7743075, DOI: 10.1006/jmrb.1995.1059.
Simultaneous Determination of the Rates of the TCA Cycle, Glucose Utilization, α-Ketoglutarate/Glutamate Exchange, and Glutamine Synthesis in Human Brain by NMRMason G, Gruetter R, Rothman D, Behar K, Shulman R, Novotny E. Simultaneous Determination of the Rates of the TCA Cycle, Glucose Utilization, α-Ketoglutarate/Glutamate Exchange, and Glutamine Synthesis in Human Brain by NMR. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1995, 15: 12-25. PMID: 7798329, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1995.2.
Evaluation of cerebral gray and white matter metabolite differences by spectroscopic imaging at 4.1THetherington H, Mason G, Pan J, Ponder S, Vaughan J, Twieg D, Pohost G. Evaluation of cerebral gray and white matter metabolite differences by spectroscopic imaging at 4.1T. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1994, 32: 565-571. PMID: 7808257, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910320504.
2D 1H spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 4.1 THetherington H, Pan J, Mason G, Ponder S, Twieg D, Deutsch G, Mountz J, Pohost G. 2D 1H spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 4.1 T. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1994, 32: 530-534. PMID: 7997121, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910320417.
Localized 13C NMR Spectroscopy in the Human Brain of Amino Acid Labeling from d‐[1‐13C]GlucoseGruetter R, Novotny E, Boulware S, Mason G, Rothman D, Shulman G, Prichard J, Shulman R. Localized 13C NMR Spectroscopy in the Human Brain of Amino Acid Labeling from d‐[1‐13C]Glucose. Journal Of Neurochemistry 1994, 63: 1377-1385. PMID: 7931289, DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63041377.x.
Detection of brain glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic images at 4.1 TMason G, Pan J, Ponder S, Twieg D, Pohost G, Hetherington H. Detection of brain glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic images at 4.1 T. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1994, 32: 142-145. PMID: 7916115, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910320121.
Non-Invasive Measurements of the Cerebral Steady-State Glucose Concentration and Transport in Humans by 13C Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceGruetter R, Novotny E, Boulware S, Rothman D, Mason G, Shulman G, Tamborlane W, Shulman R. Non-Invasive Measurements of the Cerebral Steady-State Glucose Concentration and Transport in Humans by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 1993, 331: 35-40. PMID: 8333347, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2920-0_7.
Rat Brain Glucose Concentration and Transport Kinetics Determined with 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMason G, Behar K, Martin M, Shulman R. Rat Brain Glucose Concentration and Transport Kinetics Determined with 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 1993, 331: 29-34. PMID: 8333345, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2920-0_6.
NMR Determination of the TCA Cycle Rate and α-Ketoglutarate/Glutamate Exchange Rate in Rat BrainMason G, Rothman D, Behar K, Shulman R. NMR Determination of the TCA Cycle Rate and α-Ketoglutarate/Glutamate Exchange Rate in Rat Brain. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1992, 12: 434-447. PMID: 1349022, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1992.61.
NMR Determination of Intracerebral Glucose Concentration and Transport Kinetics in Rat BrainMason G, Behar K, Rothman D, Shulman R. NMR Determination of Intracerebral Glucose Concentration and Transport Kinetics in Rat Brain. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1992, 12: 448-455. PMID: 1569138, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1992.62.

Clinical Trials

Conditions	Study Title
Diseases of the Nervous System; Mental Health & Behavioral Research	Examination of Glutamate and mGluR5 in Psychiatric Disorders
Mental Health & Behavioral Research	Imaging mGluR5 and synaptic density in psychiatric disorders
Diabetes Mellitus - Type 1; Diseases of the Endocrine System; Diseases of the Nervous System	Impact of Hypoglycemia on Brain Ketone and Neurotransmitter Metabolism in Type 1 DM
Diseases of the Nervous System; Mental Health & Behavioral Research	Biomarkers of Clinical Subtype and Treatment Response in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Graeme Mason, PhD

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