2024
Integrated longitudinal multiomics study identifies immune programs associated with acute COVID-19 severity and mortality
Gygi J, Maguire C, Patel R, Shinde P, Konstorum A, Shannon C, Xu L, Hoch A, Jayavelu N, Haddad E, Network I, Reed E, Kraft M, McComsey G, Metcalf J, Ozonoff A, Esserman D, Cairns C, Rouphael N, Bosinger S, Kim-Schulze S, Krammer F, Rosen L, van Bakel H, Wilson M, Eckalbar W, Maecker H, Langelier C, Steen H, Altman M, Montgomery R, Levy O, Melamed E, Pulendran B, Diray-Arce J, Smolen K, Fragiadakis G, Becker P, Sekaly R, Ehrlich L, Fourati S, Peters B, Kleinstein S, Guan L. Integrated longitudinal multiomics study identifies immune programs associated with acute COVID-19 severity and mortality. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2024, 134: e176640. PMID: 38690733, PMCID: PMC11060740, DOI: 10.1172/jci176640.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical outcomesImmune cascadeElevated levels of inflammatory cytokinesDisease severityLevels of inflammatory cytokinesFormation of neutrophil extracellular trapsAcute COVID-19 severityCritically ill patientsNeutrophil extracellular trapsDevelopment of therapiesCOVID-19 cohortCOVID-19 severityViral clearanceImmunosuppressive metabolitesDeep immunophenotypingMultiomic modelIFN-stimulated genesImmunophenotypic assessmentB cellsDisease courseEarly upregulationInflammatory cytokinesDisease progressionIFN inhibitorsExtracellular trapsHost-microbe multiomic profiling reveals age-dependent immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 immunopathology
Phan H, Tsitsiklis A, Maguire C, Haddad E, Becker P, Kim-Schulze S, Lee B, Chen J, Hoch A, Pickering H, van Zalm P, Altman M, Augustine A, Calfee C, Bosinger S, Cairns C, Eckalbar W, Guan L, Jayavelu N, Kleinstein S, Krammer F, Maecker H, Ozonoff A, Peters B, Rouphael N, Montgomery R, Reed E, Schaenman J, Steen H, Levy O, Diray-Arce J, Langelier C, Erle D, Hendrickson C, Kangelaris K, Nguyen V, Lee D, Chak S, Ghale R, Gonzalez A, Jauregui A, Leroux C, Altamirano L, Rashid A, Willmore A, Woodruff P, Krummel M, Carrillo S, Ward A, Patel R, Wilson M, Dandekar R, Alvarenga B, Rajan J, Schroeder A, Fragiadakis G, Mick E, Guerrero Y, Love C, Maliskova L, Adkisson M, Ehrlich L, Melamed E, Rousseau J, Hurley K, Geltman J, Siles N, Rogers J, Kutzler M, Bernui M, Cusimano G, Connors J, Woloszczuk K, Joyner D, Edwards C, Lin E, Melnyk N, Powell D, Kim J, Goonewardene I, Simmons B, Smith C, Martens M, Croen B, Semenza N, Bell M, Furukawa S, McLin R, Tegos G, Rogowski B, Mege N, Ulring K, Holland S, Rosen L, Lee S, Vaysman T, Fernandez-Sesma A, Simon V, Van Bakel H, Gonzalez-Reiche A, Qi J, Carreño J, Singh G, Raskin A, Tcheou J, Khalil Z, van de Guchte A, Farrugia K, Khan Z, Kelly G, Srivastava K, Eaker L, Bermúdez González M, Mulder L, Beach K, Fatou B, Smolen K, Viode A, van Haren S, Jha M, Kho A, Milliren C, Chang A, McEnaney K, Barton B, Lentucci C, Murphy M, Saluvan M, Shaheen T, Liu S, Syphurs C, Albert M, Hayati A, Bryant R, Abraham J, Salehi-Rad R, Rivera A, Sen S, Elashoff D, Ward D, Presnell S, Kohr B, Arnett A, Boddapati A, Tharp G, Pellegrini K, Johnson B, Panganiban B, Huerta C, Anderson E, Samaha H, Sevransky J, Bristow L, Beagle E, Cowan D, Hamilton S, Hodder T, Esserman D, Brito A, Rothman J, Grubaugh N, Ko A, Hafler D, Shaw A, Gygi J, Pawar S, Konstorum A, Chen E, Cotsapas C, Wang X, Xu L, Dela Cruz C, Iwasaki A, Mohanty S, Nelson A, Zhao Y, Farhadian S, Asashima H, Pulendran B, Nadeau R, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Leipold M, Sigal N, Rogers A, Fernandez A, Manohar M, Do E, Chang I, Vita R, Westendorf K, Corry D, Kheradmand F, Song L, Nelson E, Baden L, Mendez K, Lasky-Su J, Tong A, Rooks R, Sekaly R, Fourati S, McComsey G, Harris P, Sieg S, Ribeiro S, Overton J, Rahman A, Hutton S, Michelotti G, Wong K, Seyfert-Margolis V, Metcalf J, Agudelo Higuita N, Sinko L, Booth J, Messer W, Hough C, Siegel S, Sullivan P, Lu Z, Kraft M, Bime C, Mosier J, Erickson H, Schunk R, Kimura H, Conway M, Atkinson M, Brakenridge S, Ungaro R, Manning B, Oberhaus J, Guirgis F, Borresen B, Anderson M. Host-microbe multiomic profiling reveals age-dependent immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 immunopathology. Science Translational Medicine 2024, 16: eadj5154. PMID: 38630846, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj5154.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPro-inflammatory genesViral clearanceUpper airwayImmune signaling pathwaysInduction of pro-inflammatory genesBiomarkers of disease severityDelayed viral clearanceImpaired viral clearanceSevere coronavirus disease 2019B cell populationsAge-dependent up-regulationExpression of pro-inflammatory genesHost immune responseSignaling pathwayType I interferon gene expressionCOVID-19 immunopathologyInnate immune signaling pathwaysSerum chemokinesAge-dependent impairmentNaive TMulticenter cohortNasal transcriptomeAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Monocyte populationsSerum protein profiles
2023
Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Asashima H, Kim D, Wang K, Lele N, Buitrago-Pocasangre N, Lutz R, Cruz I, Raddassi K, Ruff W, Racke M, Wilson J, Givens T, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Kleinstein S, Montgomery R, Shaw A, Li F, Fan R, Hafler D, Tomayko M, Longbrake E. Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. JCI Insight 2023, 8: e168102. PMID: 37606046, PMCID: PMC10543713, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinationB-cell-depleted patientsB-cell depletionAntibody responseMRNA vaccinationThird doseCell depletionT cellsClaude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence CenterB cellsNational Multiple Sclerosis SocietyAnti-CD20 antibodySpike-specific antibodiesMultiple Sclerosis SocietyLow cumulative exposureLogistic regression modelsImportant clinical needCD20 therapyCD20 treatmentMost patientsThird vaccineSerologic responseVaccine dosesMRNA vaccinesVaccination strategiesPlatelet response to influenza vaccination reflects effects of aging
Konstorum A, Mohanty S, Zhao Y, Melillo A, Vander Wyk B, Nelson A, Tsang S, Blevins T, Belshe R, Chawla D, Rondina M, Gill T, Montgomery R, Allore H, Kleinstein S, Shaw A. Platelet response to influenza vaccination reflects effects of aging. Aging Cell 2023, 22: e13749. PMID: 36656789, PMCID: PMC9924941, DOI: 10.1111/acel.13749.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCommunity-dwelling older adultsPlatelet activationOlder adultsInfluenza vaccinationAge-associated chronic inflammationInfluence platelet functionRNA expressionPro-inflammatory diseasesAge-associated increasePlatelet activation pathwaysAge-associated differencesActivation pathwayPlatelet transcriptomeGeriatric conditionsChronic inflammationImmune responsePlatelet functionPlatelet responseSNF residentsVaccinationActivation responseYoung individualsProtein levelsAdultsYounger participants
2022
Alterations in high‐dimensional T‐cell profile and gene signature of immune aging in HIV‐infected older adults without viremia
Shin MS, Park H, Salahuddin S, Montgomery RR, Emu B, Shaw AC, Kang I. Alterations in high‐dimensional T‐cell profile and gene signature of immune aging in HIV‐infected older adults without viremia. Aging Cell 2022, 21: e13702. PMID: 36036630, PMCID: PMC9577958, DOI: 10.1111/acel.13702.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOlder human immunodeficiency virusPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsHuman immunodeficiency virusAntiretroviral therapyT cellsDetectable viremiaMemory CD8HIV infectionAge-associated immune alterationsYoung human immunodeficiency virusReplication-competent HIV-1Combination antiretroviral therapyEffector memory CD8T-cell countsSubset of CD4T cell profileBlood mononuclear cellsAgeing-associated genesEM CD8Immune alterationsMemory CD4Immune agingImmunodeficiency virusInflammatory moleculesMononuclear cellsSingle-cell multi-omics reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune system in progressive COVID-19
Unterman A, Sumida TS, Nouri N, Yan X, Zhao AY, Gasque V, Schupp JC, Asashima H, Liu Y, Cosme C, Deng W, Chen M, Raredon MSB, Hoehn KB, Wang G, Wang Z, DeIuliis G, Ravindra NG, Li N, Castaldi C, Wong P, Fournier J, Bermejo S, Sharma L, Casanovas-Massana A, Vogels CBF, Wyllie AL, Grubaugh ND, Melillo A, Meng H, Stein Y, Minasyan M, Mohanty S, Ruff WE, Cohen I, Raddassi K, Niklason L, Ko A, Montgomery R, Farhadian S, Iwasaki A, Shaw A, van Dijk D, Zhao H, Kleinstein S, Hafler D, Kaminski N, Dela Cruz C. Single-cell multi-omics reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune system in progressive COVID-19. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 440. PMID: 35064122, PMCID: PMC8782894, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27716-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptive ImmunityAgedAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCells, CulturedCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationHumansImmunity, InnateMaleReceptors, Antigen, B-CellReceptors, Antigen, T-CellRNA-SeqSARS-CoV-2Single-Cell AnalysisConceptsProgressive COVID-19B cell clonesSingle-cell analysisT cellsImmune responseMulti-omics single-cell analysisCOVID-19Cell clonesAdaptive immune interactionsSevere COVID-19Dynamic immune responsesGene expressionSARS-CoV-2 virusAdaptive immune systemSomatic hypermutation frequenciesCellular effectsProtein markersEffector CD8Immune signaturesProgressive diseaseHypermutation frequencyProgressive courseClassical monocytesClonesImmune interactions
2021
Single cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans Identifies IgM memory B cells
Jiang R, Meng H, Raddassi K, Fleming I, Hoehn KB, Dardick KR, Belperron AA, Montgomery RR, Shalek AK, Hafler DA, Kleinstein SH, Bockenstedt LK. Single cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans Identifies IgM memory B cells. JCI Insight 2021, 6: e148035. PMID: 34061047, PMCID: PMC8262471, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMemory B cellsErythema migransB cellsEM lesionsIgM memory B cellsLyme diseaseB-cell receptor sequencingSkin infection siteCell receptor sequencingEarly Lyme diseaseLocal antigen presentationSkin immune responsesB cell populationsSingle-cell immunophenotypingMHC class II genesUninvolved skinImmune cellsSpirochetal infectionAntigen presentationCell immunophenotypingT cellsImmune responseIsotype usageAntibody productionInitial signs
2020
Single-Cell Transcriptional Archetypes of Airway Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis.
Schupp JC, Khanal S, Gomez JL, Sauler M, Adams TS, Chupp GL, Yan X, Poli S, Zhao Y, Montgomery RR, Rosas IO, Dela Cruz CS, Bruscia EM, Egan ME, Kaminski N, Britto CJ. Single-Cell Transcriptional Archetypes of Airway Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2020, 202: 1419-1429. PMID: 32603604, PMCID: PMC7667912, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-0991oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCF lung diseaseHealthy control subjectsImmune dysfunctionLung diseaseCystic fibrosisControl subjectsSputum cellsAbnormal chloride transportLung mononuclear phagocytesInnate immune dysfunctionDivergent clinical coursesImmune cell repertoireMonocyte-derived macrophagesCF monocytesAirway inflammationClinical courseProinflammatory featuresCell survival programInflammatory responseTissue injuryCell repertoireImmune functionTranscriptional profilesAlveolar macrophagesMononuclear phagocytesProfiling cellular heterogeneity in asthma with single cell multiparameter CyTOF
Stewart E, Wang X, Chupp GL, Montgomery RR. Profiling cellular heterogeneity in asthma with single cell multiparameter CyTOF. Journal Of Leukocyte Biology 2020, 108: 1555-1564. PMID: 32911570, PMCID: PMC8087109, DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0720-770rr.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAirway immune cellsSource of inflammationChronic inflammatory diseaseInflammatory cell typesStudy of pathogenesisMultiple distinct subtypesHeterogeneity of diseaseBronchial epithelial cellsAirway inflammationCell typesAsthmatic patientsClinical responseEosinophilic infiltrateAnalysis of sputumAsthmatic inflammationFunctional statusClinical managementImmune cellsInflammatory diseasesHealthy controlsInflammatory responseAirway cellsSputumDistinct subtypesInflammationHow Inflammation Blunts Innate Immunity in Aging
Goldberg EL, Shaw AC, Montgomery RR. How Inflammation Blunts Innate Immunity in Aging. Interdisciplinary Topics In Gerontology And Geriatrics 2020, 43: 1-17. PMID: 32294641, PMCID: PMC8063508, DOI: 10.1159/000504480.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune responseInnate immunityPoor vaccine responsesInnate immune cellsFunctional immune responsesResolution of inflammationInnate immune responseBioactive lipid mediatorsSeverity of infectionImpaired tissue repairInnate immune systemInflammation influencesInflammatory changesLymph nodesVaccine responsesChronic inflammationImmune cellsImmune protectionImmune responsivenessAntigen presentationLipid mediatorsCytokine dynamicsTissue surveillanceImmune systemMolecular dysregulation
2019
Development of a 2-dimensional atlas of the human kidney with imaging mass cytometry
Singh N, Avigan ZM, Kliegel JA, Shuch BM, Montgomery RR, Moeckel GW, Cantley LG. Development of a 2-dimensional atlas of the human kidney with imaging mass cytometry. JCI Insight 2019, 4: e129477. PMID: 31217358, PMCID: PMC6629112, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129477.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell typesIndividual cell typesCritical baseline dataRenal cell typesMass cytometryQuantitative atlasNormal human samplesHuman kidneyRelative abundanceDevelopment of therapiesHuman kidney diseaseKidney diseaseMetal-conjugated antibodiesQuantitative interrogationScarce samplesMachine-learning pipelineDiscovery purposesFuture quantitative analysisNovel abnormalityNormal human kidneySingle tissue sectionHuman samplesRenal biopsyImmune cellsCellsTranscriptomic analysis of human IL‐7 receptor alpha low and high effector memory CD8+ T cells reveals an age‐associated signature linked to influenza vaccine response in older adults
Park H, Shin MS, Kim M, Bilsborrow JB, Mohanty S, Montgomery RR, Shaw AC, You S, Kang I. Transcriptomic analysis of human IL‐7 receptor alpha low and high effector memory CD8+ T cells reveals an age‐associated signature linked to influenza vaccine response in older adults. Aging Cell 2019, 18: e12960. PMID: 31044512, PMCID: PMC6612637, DOI: 10.1111/acel.12960.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral blood cellsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsEffector memory CD8Influenza vaccine responsesEM CD8T cellsIL-7RαMemory CD8Vaccine responsesBlood cellsOlder adultsIL-7 receptor alphaSignature genesBlood mononuclear cellsHuman peripheral whole bloodAge-associated expansionPeripheral whole bloodGene expression profilesAge-associated changesMeta-analysis studyGlobal transcriptomic profilesMononuclear cellsCD8Receptor alphaExpression profilesDissecting alterations in human CD8+ T cells with aging by high-dimensional single cell mass cytometry
Shin MS, Yim K, Moon K, Park HJ, Mohanty S, Kim JW, Montgomery RR, Shaw AC, Krishnaswamy S, Kang I. Dissecting alterations in human CD8+ T cells with aging by high-dimensional single cell mass cytometry. Clinical Immunology 2019, 200: 24-30. PMID: 30659916, PMCID: PMC6443094, DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.01.005.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2017
Aging impairs both primary and secondary RIG-I signaling for interferon induction in human monocytes
Molony RD, Nguyen JT, Kong Y, Montgomery RR, Shaw AC, Iwasaki A. Aging impairs both primary and secondary RIG-I signaling for interferon induction in human monocytes. Science Signaling 2017, 10 PMID: 29233916, PMCID: PMC6429941, DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan2392.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType I IFNsI IFNsI interferonOlder adultsIFN inductionRetinoic acid-inducible gene IAcid-inducible gene IHealthy human donorsType I interferonRespiratory influenzaProinflammatory cytokinesVirus infectionType I IFN genesAdult monocytesAntiviral resistanceTranscription factor IRF8IFN responseHuman donorsMonocytesIncreased proteasomal degradationHuman monocytesYoung adultsIRF8 expressionIAV RNAInfected cellsReduced dynamic range of antiviral innate immune responses in aging
Molony RD, Malawista A, Montgomery RR. Reduced dynamic range of antiviral innate immune responses in aging. Experimental Gerontology 2017, 107: 130-135. PMID: 28822811, PMCID: PMC5815956, DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInnate immune responseImmune responseAntiviral innate immune responseKey pattern recognition receptorsAltered cytokine responsePattern recognition receptorsAntiviral interferon responseAge-related changesInflammatory mediatorsCytokine responsesChronic inflammationImmune functionNotable impairmentViral infectionInnate immunityRecognition receptorsInterferon responseProgressive declineViral pathogensAverage life spanResponseWorldwide populationParadoxical stateLife spanInflammationWest Nile Virus Seroprevalence, Connecticut, USA, 2000–2014 - Volume 23, Number 4—April 2017 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Cahill ME, Yao Y, Nock D, Armstrong PM, Andreadis TG, Diuk-Wasser MA, Montgomery RR. West Nile Virus Seroprevalence, Connecticut, USA, 2000–2014 - Volume 23, Number 4—April 2017 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2017, 23: 708-710. PMID: 28322715, PMCID: PMC5367428, DOI: 10.3201/eid2304.161669.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThe natural killer cell response to West Nile virus in young and old individuals with or without a prior history of infection
Yao Y, Strauss-Albee DM, Zhou JQ, Malawista A, Garcia MN, Murray KO, Blish CA, Montgomery RR. The natural killer cell response to West Nile virus in young and old individuals with or without a prior history of infection. PLOS ONE 2017, 12: e0172625. PMID: 28235099, PMCID: PMC5325267, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172625.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overAntigens, CDAsymptomatic DiseasesFemaleGene Expression RegulationHumansImmunity, InnateImmunophenotypingInterferon-gammaKiller Cells, NaturalLymphocyte ActivationLymphocyte CountMiddle AgedNatural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 2Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily CNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily KPrimary Cell CultureSeverity of Illness IndexWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusConceptsNK cell subsetsNK cellsWest Nile virusWNV infectionCell subsetsCell responsesSpecific NK cell subsetsNatural killer cell responsesInnate NK cellsSevere neuroinvasive diseaseNK cell responsesNK cell receptorsNile virusHuman WNV infectionsImmune pathogenesisNK repertoirePolyfunctional responsesMore IFNSymptomatic infectionChemokine secretionAsymptomatic infectionNeuroinvasive diseasePrior historyCytolytic activityInfection
2016
Age-related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection
Montgomery R. Age-related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection. Clinical & Experimental Immunology 2016, 187: 26-34. PMID: 27612657, PMCID: PMC5167051, DOI: 10.1111/cei.12863.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWest Nile virusToll-like receptorsDendritic cellsSevere diseaseBlood-brain barrier permeabilityImportant public health concernWest Nile virus infectionHuman dendritic cellsNatural killer cellsAnti-viral responseMonocytes/macrophagesPathogen recognition receptorsAge-related alterationsSpecific immune parametersPublic health concernImportant causative agentAge-related impairmentIndividual host factorsAge-related changesKiller cellsViral encephalitisImmune cellsRisk factorsBarrier permeabilityHigh prevalenceMx1 reveals innate pathways to antiviral resistance and lethal influenza disease
Pillai PS, Molony RD, Martinod K, Dong H, Pang IK, Tal MC, Solis AG, Bielecki P, Mohanty S, Trentalange M, Homer RJ, Flavell RA, Wagner DD, Montgomery RR, Shaw AC, Staeheli P, Iwasaki A. Mx1 reveals innate pathways to antiviral resistance and lethal influenza disease. Science 2016, 352: 463-466. PMID: 27102485, PMCID: PMC5465864, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf3926.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsBacterial InfectionsCaspase 1CaspasesCaspases, InitiatorFemaleHumansImmunity, InnateInfluenza A virusInfluenza, HumanInterferon-betaMaleMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMonocytesMyxovirus Resistance ProteinsNeutrophilsOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsRespiratory Tract InfectionsToll-Like Receptor 7Viral LoadYoung AdultConceptsBacterial burdenAntiviral resistanceNeutrophil-dependent tissue damageMyD88-dependent signalingAntiviral interferon productionCaspase-1/11IAV diseaseViral loadInfluenza diseaseOlder humansTissue damageInterferon productionInflammasome responseOlder adultsTLR7Vivo consequencesDiseaseMiceIAVBurdenMx geneHumansMonocytesMortalityInfluenza
2015
Neutralizing antibodies against West Nile virus identified directly from human B cells by single-cell analysis and next generation sequencing
Tsioris K, Gupta NT, Ogunniyi AO, Zimnisky RM, Qian F, Yao Y, Wang X, Stern JN, Chari R, Briggs AW, Clouser CR, Vigneault F, Church GM, Garcia MN, Murray KO, Montgomery RR, Kleinstein SH, Love JC. Neutralizing antibodies against West Nile virus identified directly from human B cells by single-cell analysis and next generation sequencing. Integrative Biology 2015, 7: 1587-1597. PMID: 26481611, PMCID: PMC4754972, DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00169b.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHumoral responseNext-generation sequencingB cellsWest Nile virus infectionSevere neurological illnessMemory B cellsAntibody-secreting cellsCohort of subjectsWNV-specific antibodiesHuman B cellsMosquito-borne diseaseWest Nile virusAnamnestic responseAntibody responseAvailable treatmentsClinical severityAntibody isotypesNeurological illnessVaccine studiesVirus infectionGeneration sequencingInfectious diseasesPrevious exposureTherapeutic antibodiesAntibodies