2012
Expression of Ixodes scapularis Antifreeze Glycoprotein Enhances Cold Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster
Neelakanta G, Hudson AM, Sultana H, Cooley L, Fikrig E. Expression of Ixodes scapularis Antifreeze Glycoprotein Enhances Cold Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. PLOS ONE 2012, 7: e33447. PMID: 22428051, PMCID: PMC3302814, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033447.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcclimatizationAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedAntifreeze ProteinsApoptosisCold TemperatureDrosophila melanogasterEmbryo, NonmammalianEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleImmunoblottingIn Situ Nick-End LabelingIxodesMaleMusclesOligonucleotidesReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionConceptsNon-freezing temperaturesD. melanogasterDrosophila melanogasterCold toleranceLow non-freezing temperaturesFemale adult fliesTransgenic D. melanogasterCold shock injuryAbility of fliesAntifreeze glycoproteinsAdult fliesMolecular basisMelanogasterFlight musclesFliesAntifreeze proteinsHatching rateHigher survival rateApoptotic damageGlycoproteinExpressionToleranceEmbryosProteinApoptosis
2006
Cutting Edge: CD4 Is the Receptor for the Tick Saliva Immunosuppressor, Salp15
Garg R, Juncadella IJ, Ramamoorthi N, Ashish, Ananthanarayanan SK, Thomas V, Rincón M, Krueger JK, Fikrig E, Yengo CM, Anguita J. Cutting Edge: CD4 Is the Receptor for the Tick Saliva Immunosuppressor, Salp15. The Journal Of Immunology 2006, 177: 6579-6583. PMID: 17082567, PMCID: PMC4302324, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDownstream effector proteinsSrc kinase LckC-terminal residuesLipid raft reorganizationEffector proteinsKinase LckTyrosine phosphorylationMolecular basisExtracellular domainEarly stepsSalp15T cell activationSalivary proteinsCD4 coreceptorProteinCalcium fluxCell activationT cellsCellsLckRepressionPhosphorylationIL-2 productionResiduesCoreceptor
2002
Salp15, an Ixodes scapularis Salivary Protein, Inhibits CD4+ T Cell Activation
Anguita J, Ramamoorthi N, Hovius JW, Das S, Thomas V, Persinski R, Conze D, Askenase PW, Rincón M, Kantor FS, Fikrig E. Salp15, an Ixodes scapularis Salivary Protein, Inhibits CD4+ T Cell Activation. Immunity 2002, 16: 849-859. PMID: 12121666, DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00325-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBase SequenceCalcium SignalingCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCell DivisionDrosophilaFemaleInterleukin-2IxodesLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMolecular Sequence DataRabbitsRatsReceptors, Antigen, T-CellReceptors, Interleukin-2Salivary Proteins and PeptidesConceptsT cell activationVector-host interactionsI. scapularis salivaCell activationMolecular basisFunctional importanceTCR ligationSalp15ProteinSalivary proteinsTick salivaCalcium fluxIxodes scapularis salivaActivationArthropodsRepressionImmune responseLow productionPleiotropic propertiesHostInhibits CD4T cell-mediated immune responsesVivo
1995
Selection of variant Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from mice immunized with outer surface protein A or B
Fikrig E, Tao H, Barthold SW, Flavell RA. Selection of variant Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from mice immunized with outer surface protein A or B. Infection And Immunity 1995, 63: 1658-1662. PMID: 7729870, PMCID: PMC173206, DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.5.1658-1662.1995.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntigens, BacterialAntigens, SurfaceBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBacterial VaccinesBorrelia burgdorferi GroupCloning, MolecularFemaleGenes, BacterialGenetic VariationImmunoblottingLipoproteinsLyme DiseaseMiceMice, Inbred C3HRecombinant ProteinsSelection, GeneticSequence Analysis, DNAVaccinationConceptsSurface protein AOuter surface protein AProtective immunityProtective antibodiesIncomplete efficacyMiceMonoclonal antibodiesProtein ABorrelia burgdorferiB. burgdorferiAntigenic diversityOspBOspAVivo selective pressureImmunityAntibodiesB. burgdorferi isolatesBurgdorferiChallenge inoculationPoint mutationsMolecular basisVaccineInfection