1996
Hepatitis in Used Syringes: The Limits of Sensitivity of Techniques to Detect Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA, and Antibodies to HBV Core and HCV Antigens
Heimer R, Khoshnood K, Jariwala-Freeman B, Duncan B, Harima Y. Hepatitis in Used Syringes: The Limits of Sensitivity of Techniques to Detect Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA, and Antibodies to HBV Core and HCV Antigens. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 173: 997-1000. PMID: 8603983, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.4.997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virus RNAHepatitis B virus DNAHepatitis virus infectionC virus RNAB virus DNAPolymerase chain reactionVirus infectionVirus DNAHBV core antigenVirus RNANeedle exchange programsHCV antibodiesHCV antigensCore antigenHBV coreUsed syringesPCR testingSyringe useDrug usersHCVHBVChain reactionAntibodiesMean limitSyringes
1995
'Dropouts' or 'drop-ins'? Client retention and participation in New Haven's needle exchange program.
Khoshnood K, Kaplan EH, Heimer R. 'Dropouts' or 'drop-ins'? Client retention and participation in New Haven's needle exchange program. Public Health Reports 1995, 110: 462-6. PMID: 7638334, PMCID: PMC1382156.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeedle exchange programsNew Haven's needle exchange programStudy periodInjection drug usersSingle-visit groupCharacteristics of clientsMedian durationVisit groupClient participationDrug usersNeedle exchangeFull enrollmentSingle visitLonger durationExchange programsClient characteristicsYoung clientsThorough evaluationEnrollmentDurationNew HavenClient retentionYearsPercentRetention fraction
1994
A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program: client shift or needle exchange?
Kaplan EH, Khoshnood K, Heimer R. A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program: client shift or needle exchange? American Journal Of Public Health 1994, 84: 1991-4. PMID: 7998644, PMCID: PMC1615375, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.84.12.1991.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut
Heimer R, Kaplan E, Khoshnood K, Jariwala B, Cadman E. Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut. The American Journal Of Medicine 1993, 95: 214-220. PMID: 8356986, DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-o.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 proviral DNANeedle exchange programsProviral DNANew Haven's needle exchange programNeedle exchangeHIV-1 prevalenceIntravenous drug usersNeedle exchange clientsDrug treatment programsPercentage of syringesDrug use habitsSyringe trackingDNA prevalenceNew HavenPolymerase chain reactionDrug treatmentDrug usersTreatment programPrevalenceChain reactionExchange programsSyringesMonthsProgram participantsFunded evaluation