2022
Assessment of personal inhalation and skin exposures to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate during polyurethane fabric coating
Harari H, Bello D, Woskie S, Redlich CA. Assessment of personal inhalation and skin exposures to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate during polyurethane fabric coating. Toxicology And Industrial Health 2022, 38: 622-635. PMID: 35694796, DOI: 10.1177/07482337221107243.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSkin exposurePersonal inhalationOccupational asthmaHypersensitivity pneumonitisContact dermatitisInitial sensitizationWork exposureArea air samplesInhalation exposureOccupational limitsLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryHealth effects studiesHealth effectsPersonal airborne samplesGeometric meanChromatography-tandem mass spectrometryExposure characterizationInhalationExposureFuture studiesGreater exposureAirborne levelsSubstantial variabilityProtective measuresGeometric standard deviationSevere asthma and death in a worker using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate MDI asthma death
Wisnewski AV, Cooney R, Hodgson M, Giese K, Liu J, Redlich CA. Severe asthma and death in a worker using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate MDI asthma death. American Journal Of Industrial Medicine 2022, 65: 166-172. PMID: 35028957, PMCID: PMC8846433, DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23323.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesMeSH KeywordsAsthma, OccupationalHumansImmunoglobulin EImmunoglobulin GIsocyanatesOccupational ExposureConceptsCause of deathMedical recordsDiisocyanate asthmaSevere asthmaSerum IgEParaffin-embedded lung tissue sectionsWorkers' medical recordsSmooth muscle hypertrophyTotal serum IgEHallmark of asthmaSevere asthma attacksBasement membrane thickeningLung tissue sectionsPost-mortem findingsEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayPotential chemical exposuresInflamed airwaysMucus pluggingOccupational asthmaPulmonary embolismTotal IgEAsthma deathsAsthma attacksLung pathologyAutopsy findings
2020
Analysis of Lung Gene Expression Reveals a Role for Cl- channels in Diisocyanate Induced Airway Eosinophilia in a Mouse Model of Asthma Pathology
Wisnewski AV, Liu J, Redlich CA. Analysis of Lung Gene Expression Reveals a Role for Cl- channels in Diisocyanate Induced Airway Eosinophilia in a Mouse Model of Asthma Pathology. American Journal Of Respiratory Cell And Molecular Biology 2020, 0: 25-35. PMID: 32101465, PMCID: PMC7328250, DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0400oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRespiratory tract exposureAirway eosinophiliaMonocytes/macrophagesMouse modelGene expressionGene transcriptsBiological pathwaysAsthma pathologyUpregulated gene transcriptsIgE-independent mechanismsLung gene expressionLung tissue gene expressionCause of asthmaBALB/cTransgenic B cellsTissue gene expressionExpression changesDiisocyanate asthmaSensitized workersAsthma pathogenesisAirway fluidDeficient miceMRNA microarrayEosinophiliaB cells
2017
Polymerization of hexamethylene diisocyanate in solution and a 260.23 m/z [M+H]+ ion in exposed human cells
Wisnewski AV, Liu J, Redlich CA, Nassar AF. Polymerization of hexamethylene diisocyanate in solution and a 260.23 m/z [M+H]+ ion in exposed human cells. Analytical Biochemistry 2017, 543: 21-29. PMID: 29175138, PMCID: PMC5826792, DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.11.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHexamethylene diisocyanateCollision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation patternsNucleophilic additionImportant industrial chemicalPrimary aminesFragmentation patternsO groupLC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS analysisLC-MSReaction productsIonsMS analysisFormula CIndustrial chemicalsDiisocyanatePolymerizationPolymersReaction targetWaterSolutionAminesDefinitive characterizationMoleculesDimersReaction products of hexamethylene diisocyanate vapors with “self” molecules in the airways of rabbits exposed via tracheostomy
Wisnewski AV, Kanyo J, Asher J, Goodrich JA, Barnett G, Patrylak L, Liu J, Redlich CA, Nassar AF. Reaction products of hexamethylene diisocyanate vapors with “self” molecules in the airways of rabbits exposed via tracheostomy. Xenobiotica 2017, 48: 488-497. PMID: 28489470, PMCID: PMC5863241, DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1329569.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCollision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation patternsReaction productsLower airwaysChemical reactivityLow molecular weight fractionWeight fractionHigh molecular weight fractionAliphatic diisocyanateMolecular weight fractionFragmentation patternsHexamethylenediisocyanateLC-MSHDI vaporAirways of rabbitsBronchoalveolar lavage fluidRabbit bronchoalveolar lavage fluidMoleculesDiisocyanate vaporsMs. 4Albumin. 5Occupational asthmaReactivityBAL fluidAsthma pathogenesisLavage fluid
2016
Development of an Interception Glove Sampler for Skin Exposures to Aromatic Isocyanates
Harari H, Bello D, Woskie S, Redlich C. Development of an Interception Glove Sampler for Skin Exposures to Aromatic Isocyanates. Annals Of Work Exposures And Health 2016, 60: 1092-1103. PMID: 27694341, DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mew052.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2015
Isocyanates and Human Health
Lockey JE, Redlich CA, Streicher R, Pfahles-Hutchens A, Hakkinen P, Ellison GL, Harber P, Utell M, Holland J, Comai A, White M. Isocyanates and Human Health. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine 2015, 57: 44-51. PMID: 25563538, PMCID: PMC4286799, DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000278.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsOccupational health surveillanceHuman cancer riskRespiratory epidemiologyCancer riskConsensus conferenceAnimal modelsResearch prioritiesHealth professionalsHealth surveillancePreconference surveyEnvironmental exposuresWorkers' healthHealthConsumer exposureHuman healthKnowledge gapsExposureRepresentatives of consumersPoster presentationsEpidemiologyDiseaseBiomarkers
2013
Connecting glutathione with immune responses to occupational methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure
Wisnewski AV, Liu J, Redlich CA. Connecting glutathione with immune responses to occupational methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure. Chemico-Biological Interactions 2013, 205: 38-45. PMID: 23791970, PMCID: PMC3767171, DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.005.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2012
Transferability of Aliphatic Isocyanates from Recently Applied Paints to the Skin of Auto Body Shop Workers
De Vries TT, Bello D, Stowe MH, Harari H, Slade MD, Redlich CA. Transferability of Aliphatic Isocyanates from Recently Applied Paints to the Skin of Auto Body Shop Workers. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Hygiene 2012, 9: 699-711. PMID: 23067057, DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2012.728893.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAsthma, OccupationalEnvironmental PollutantsHumansIsocyanatesMotor VehiclesOccupational ExposurePaintSkinConceptsSkin exposureSkin samplesAuto body shop workersOccupational asthmaIsocyanate asthmaCommon causeSkin wipesGreater riskSkin contactPotent sensitizerInitial sampling timeShop workersPositive samplesAsthmaAuto body shopsHigh-performance liquid chromatographyExposureCross-linking chemicalsRiskGeometric meanLiquid chromatographyBiomonitoring Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Exposure Based on Serum Levels of HDI-Specific IgG
Wisnewski AV, Stowe MH, Nerlinger A, Opare-addo P, Decamp D, Kleinsmith CR, Redlich CA. Biomonitoring Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Exposure Based on Serum Levels of HDI-Specific IgG. Annals Of Work Exposures And Health 2012, 56: 901-910. PMID: 22449630, PMCID: PMC3471419, DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPersonal protective equipmentSkin exposureExposure surveillanceSpecific serum immunoglobulin GHexamethylene diisocyanate exposureSerum IgG levelsSerum immunoglobulin GNight shift workEnzyme-linked immunosorbentAdverse health effectsAsthma historyDiisocyanate exposureIgG levelsSerum levelsIgG titersChemical allergensPPE useImmune responseRespirator useIsocyanate exposureExposure biomarkersPractical biomarkersBasic demographicsHigh titersHygiene effortsSkin symptoms in bakery and auto body shop workers: associations with exposure and respiratory symptoms
Arrandale V, Meijster T, Pronk A, Doekes G, Redlich CA, Holness DL, Heederik D. Skin symptoms in bakery and auto body shop workers: associations with exposure and respiratory symptoms. International Archives Of Occupational And Environmental Health 2012, 86: 167-175. PMID: 22411214, PMCID: PMC3555349, DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0760-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAuto body shop workersExposure-response relationshipRespiratory symptomsSkin symptomsItchy skinShop workersBakery workersPossible exposure-response relationshipSignificant exposure-response associationsExposure-response associationsRespiratory outcomesMean ageDry skinSkin exposureSymptomsAverage exposureStatistical significanceWheat allergensSkinExposureAssociationPrevious studiesResultsDataMethodsDataWorkers
2010
Antigenic changes in human albumin caused by reactivity with the occupational allergen diphenylmethane diisocyanate
Wisnewski AV, Liu J, Redlich CA. Antigenic changes in human albumin caused by reactivity with the occupational allergen diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Analytical Biochemistry 2010, 400: 251-258. PMID: 20123080, PMCID: PMC3106273, DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.01.037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-performance liquid chromatographyDiphenylmethane diisocyanateConjugation sitesReaction productsCross-linking agentTandem mass spectrometryPolyurethane productionMass spectrometryMDI-exposed workersCause of asthmaHuman albuminSerum immunoglobulin GLiquid chromatographyReaction specificityDiisocyanateSecond lysineMDI conjugationAirway inflammationAnalytical methodSelf proteinsProteomic methodologiesEpitope specificityAntigenic changesClinical researchConjugates
2009
Letters to the Editor
Redlich CA, Bello D, Woskie SR, Streicher RP, Booth K, Cummings B, Karoly W, Spence M, Mullins S, Robert W, Lichtenberg F, Banta J. Letters to the Editor. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Hygiene 2009, 6: d82-d85. PMID: 19757291, DOI: 10.1080/15459620903256427.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
2008
Comparison of Task-Based Exposure Metrics for an Epidemiologic Study of Isocyanate Inhalation Exposures Among Autobody Shop Workers
Woskie SR, Bello D, Gore RJ, Stowe MH, Eisen EA, Liu Y, Sparer JA, Redlich CA, Cullen MR. Comparison of Task-Based Exposure Metrics for an Epidemiologic Study of Isocyanate Inhalation Exposures Among Autobody Shop Workers. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Hygiene 2008, 5: 588-598. PMID: 18615291, DOI: 10.1080/15459620802275429.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQuantitative exposure metricsOccupational exposure limitsEpidemiologic studiesExposure metricsRespirator useCross-week changesExposure-response analysisTime-weighted average exposureShop workersExposure assessmentPersonal daily exposureMagnitude of associationOccupational epidemiologic studiesWorkplace protection factorsQuantitative exposure assessmentTask-based exposure assessmentRespiratory functionInhalation exposureDaily exposureAverage exposureRisk estimatesExposure misclassificationQuantitative exposureSpearman correlationComparison of tasksHuman innate immune responses to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and HDI–albumin conjugates
Wisnewski AV, Liu Q, Liu J, Redlich CA. Human innate immune responses to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and HDI–albumin conjugates. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2008, 38: 957-967. PMID: 18498542, PMCID: PMC3131007, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02982.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdipokinesAdministration, InhalationAlbuminsAntigens, CDBlotting, WesternCells, CulturedChemokine CCL2Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1ChitinasesCyanatesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayGene ExpressionGlycoproteinsHumansImmunity, InnateIntramolecular OxidoreductasesIsocyanatesLectinsLeukocytes, MononuclearLysosomesMacrophage Migration-Inhibitory FactorsMicroscopy, FluorescenceOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPolymerase Chain ReactionPolymorphism, GeneticProteinsRNAConceptsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsInnate immune responseImmune responsePercentage of PBMCHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cellsFlow cytometrySystemic innate immune responseExposure-dependent decreaseMonocyte/macrophage traffickingHuman innate immune responseProtein expressionSpecific inhalation challengeBlood mononuclear cellsAdaptive immune responsesLow-density lipoproteinPattern recognition receptorsInhalation challengeOccupational asthmaClinical spectrumControl antigenMononuclear cellsHDI exposureSerum concentrationsAdaptive immunityGene/protein expressionLung/skin connections in occupational lung disease
Redlich CA, Herrick CA. Lung/skin connections in occupational lung disease. Current Opinion In Allergy And Clinical Immunology 2008, 8: 115-119. PMID: 18317018, DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f85a31.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOccupational lung diseaseLung diseaseChronic beryllium diseaseSkin exposureIsocyanate asthmaBeryllium diseaseSite of sensitizationSubsequent inhalation challengeEnvironmental lung diseaseLimited clinical studiesImpair skin barrier functionSkin barrier functionAsthmatic responseInhalation challengeRespiratory tractHuman skin exposureClinical studiesInhalation exposureRecent studiesAnimal studiesAirborne exposureDiseaseBarrier functionPersonal protective clothingProtein allergensSkin Exposure to Aliphatic Polyisocyanates in the Auto Body Repair and Refinishing Industry: II. A Quantitative Assessment
Bello D, Redlich CA, Stowe MH, Sparer J, Woskie SR, Streicher RP, Hosgood HD, Liu Y. Skin Exposure to Aliphatic Polyisocyanates in the Auto Body Repair and Refinishing Industry: II. A Quantitative Assessment. Annals Of Work Exposures And Health 2008, 52: 117-124. PMID: 18209009, DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mem066.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSkin exposureUnprotected skinAuto body shop workersAuto Body RepairRespiratory exposureSkin areasExposure dataShop workersSkin samplingSkinExposureWipe samplesUnpaired samplesHigh concentrationsPPEGm loadYale studyHigh levelsBody repairAsthmaMajor contributorLevelsQuantitative assessmentForearmSensitization
2007
Skin Exposure to Aliphatic Polyisocyanates in the Auto Body Repair and Refinishing Industry: A Qualitative Assessment
LIU Y, BELLO D, SPARER JA, STOWE MH, GORE RJ, WOSKIE SR, CULLEN MR, REDLICH CA. Skin Exposure to Aliphatic Polyisocyanates in the Auto Body Repair and Refinishing Industry: A Qualitative Assessment. Annals Of Work Exposures And Health 2007, 51: 429-439. PMID: 17602207, DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mem021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAuto body shop workersSkin exposureHigh-performance liquid chromatographyShop workersHigher positive rateAuto Body RepairPositive surface samplesPositive sample rateEpidemiologic studiesUnprotected skinRespiratory exposurePercent of samplesSensitive high-performance liquid chromatographyLatex glovesScale 0Exposure dataExposure determinantsSkin samplesQuantitative high-performance liquid chromatographyNational InstituteOccupational SafetyAuto body shopsExposureMajor determinantPositive rateSlow Curing of Aliphatic Polyisocyanate Paints in Automotive Refinishing: A Potential Source for Skin Exposure
Bello D, Sparer J, Redlich CA, Ibrahim K, Stowe MH, Liu Y. Slow Curing of Aliphatic Polyisocyanate Paints in Automotive Refinishing: A Potential Source for Skin Exposure. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Hygiene 2007, 4: 406-411. PMID: 17474030, DOI: 10.1080/15459620701341199.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2006
Skin Exposure to Isocyanates: Reasons for Concern
Bello D, Herrick CA, Smith TJ, Woskie SR, Streicher RP, Cullen MR, Liu Y, Redlich CA. Skin Exposure to Isocyanates: Reasons for Concern. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006, 115: 328-335. PMID: 17431479, PMCID: PMC1849909, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9557.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsSkin exposureIsocyanate asthmaSuch exposureAsthma-like responsesSubsequent inhalation challengeOccupational SafetyPersonal protective equipmentInhalation challengeOccupational asthmaSystemic sensitizationAsthmaInhalation exposureHealth AdministrationComputerized searchRespiratory exposureRelevant articlesProtective equipmentHuman literatureSkin absorptionSensitizationGoogle databasesNational InstituteLines of evidencePotential roleSufficient evidence