David Pitt, MD
Research & Publications
Biography
News
Research Summary
Dr. Pitt's laboratory research focuses on neurodegenerative mechanisms in MS. In his projects he uses multiple approaches including inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived, patient-specific neuronal cultures, advanced histopathological analysis of brain tissue and ultra-highfield MR imaging of MS patients.
Extensive Research Description
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS has a prominent, neurodegenerative component that is most visible in the progressive phase of the disease. Neurodegeneration in MS is poorly understood and currently not treatable. Our research goal is to decipher the molecular and cellular mechanisms of MS-related neurodegeneration and to translate these insights into therapies.
Defining the Contribution of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes to Genetic MS Susceptibility
We are systematically identifying the MS risk variants that are active in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and the genes that they perturb. For this, we are generating chromatin accessibility profiles of astrocytes/oligodendrocytes isolated from MS lesions and intersect these profiles with MS risk variants. The resulting list of variants and variant-dependent genes will provide a roadmap of astroglia/oligodendroglia pathways that are dysregulated by MS risk variants and are ikely to contribute to glia-mediated MS susceptibility.
Identifying Cellular Phenotypes and Generate Spatial and Functional Maps of their Interactions in MS Lesions
We are combining single nuclear RNA sequencing (sNuc-Seq) of MS lesion tissue with highly multiplexed tissue imaging to identify and localize cellular subpopulations within MS lesions and determine their molecular interactions. We are thus generating spatial and functional maps that provide unprecedented insight into the in situ-funcionality of lesional cellular subpopulations.
Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes as Biomarkers for MS Progression and Remyelination
Current MS research focuses increasingly on disease progression and myelin repair, and there is a surge of clinical trials that test potentially neuroprotective or remyelinating compounds. These trials face the fundamental challenge that MS progression and remyelination are difficult to quantity in vivo. We are exploring the potential of astrocyte-derived exosomes to monitor and predict disease progression, remyelination and treatment responses.
Innovative Techniques in our Lab include:
· Highly multiplexed imaging: Individual, histological sections are labeled with 40+ antibodies to capture cellular subpopulations in MS lesions, place them within the context of the lesion environment, and identify their specific interaction networks.
· Computational pipeline (Ilastik, CellProfiler, histoCAT, PHATE, and Pseudotime) for cellular segmentation, identiication o cellular phenotypes, and spatial analysis.
· Purification of astrocyte and oligodendrocyte nuclei from MS, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's tissue for transcriptomal and genomic profiling with sNuc-Seq and ATAC-Seq.
· CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of MS patient-derived iPSCs.
· Generation of iPSC-derived astrocytes.
· Purification and quantification of exosomes from patient plasma.
Coauthors
Research Interests
Demyelinating Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurology; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System
Research Image
Highly multiplexed imaging of a post-demyelinating MS lesions
Selected Publications
- Toward Precision Phenotyping of Multiple SclerosisPitt D, Lo CH, Gauthier SA, Hickman RA, Longbrake E, Airas LM, Mao-Draayer Y, Riley C, De Jager PL, Wesley S, Boster A, Topalli I, Bagnato F, Mansoor M, Stuve O, Kister I, Pelletier D, Stathopoulos P, Dutta R, Lincoln MR. Toward Precision Phenotyping of Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2022, 9: e200025. PMID: 36041861, PMCID: PMC9427000, DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200025.
- Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis: past, present, and futureManouchehri N, Shirani A, Salinas VH, Tardo L, Hussain RZ, Pitt D, Stuve O. Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis: past, present, and future Neurologia I Neurochirurgia Polska 2022, 56: 228-235. PMID: 35712986, DOI: 10.5603/pjnns.a2022.0041.
- Magnetic Susceptibility Source Separation Solely from Gradient Echo Data: Histological Validation.Dimov AV, Gillen KM, Nguyen TD, Kang J, Sharma R, Pitt D, Gauthier SA, Wang Y. Magnetic Susceptibility Source Separation Solely from Gradient Echo Data: Histological Validation. Tomography 2022, 8: 1544-1551. PMID: 35736875, PMCID: PMC9228115, DOI: 10.3390/tomography8030127.
- Susceptibility source separation from gradient echo data using magnitude decay modelingDimov AV, Nguyen TD, Gillen KM, Marcille M, Spincemaille P, Pitt D, Gauthier SA, Wang Y. Susceptibility source separation from gradient echo data using magnitude decay modeling Journal Of Neuroimaging 2022, 32: 852-859. PMID: 35668022, DOI: 10.1111/jon.13014.
- Efficacy of Disease Modifying Therapies in Progressive MS and How Immune Senescence May Explain Their FailureManouchehri N, Salinas VH, Yeganeh N, Pitt D, Hussain RZ, Stuve O. Efficacy of Disease Modifying Therapies in Progressive MS and How Immune Senescence May Explain Their Failure Frontiers In Neurology 2022, 13: 854390. PMID: 35432156, PMCID: PMC9009145, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.854390.
- Dimethyl Fumarate Reduces Inflammation in Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis LesionsZinger N, Ponath G, Sweeney E, Nguyen TD, Lo CH, Diaz I, Dimov A, Teng L, Zexter L, Comunale J, Wang Y, Pitt D, Gauthier SA. Dimethyl Fumarate Reduces Inflammation in Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2022, 9: e1138. PMID: 35046083, PMCID: PMC8771666, DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001138.
- Tet2 Controls the Responses of β cells to Inflammation in Autoimmune DiabetesRui J, Deng S, Perdigoto AL, Ponath G, Kursawe R, Lawlor N, Sumida T, Levine-Ritterman M, Stitzel ML, Pitt D, Lu J, Herold KC. Tet2 Controls the Responses of β cells to Inflammation in Autoimmune Diabetes Nature Communications 2021, 12: 5074. PMID: 34417463, PMCID: PMC8379260, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25367-z.
- Astrocyte Heterogeneity in Multiple Sclerosis: Current Understanding and Technical ChallengesLo CH, Skarica M, Mansoor M, Bhandarkar S, Toro S, Pitt D. Astrocyte Heterogeneity in Multiple Sclerosis: Current Understanding and Technical Challenges Frontiers In Cellular Neuroscience 2021, 15: 726479. PMID: 34456686, PMCID: PMC8385194, DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.726479.
- In vivo evidence of differential frontal cortex metabolic abnormalities in progressive and relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosisSwanberg KM, Prinsen H, DeStefano K, Bailey M, Kurada AV, Pitt D, Fulbright RK, Juchem C. In vivo evidence of differential frontal cortex metabolic abnormalities in progressive and relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis NMR In Biomedicine 2021, 34: e4590. PMID: 34318959, DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4590.
- QSM is an imaging biomarker for chronic glial activation in multiple sclerosis lesionsGillen KM, Mubarak M, Park C, Ponath G, Zhang S, Dimov A, Levine‐Ritterman M, Toro S, Huang W, Amici S, Kaunzner UW, Gauthier SA, Guerau‐de‐Arellano M, Wang Y, Nguyen TD, Pitt D. QSM is an imaging biomarker for chronic glial activation in multiple sclerosis lesions Annals Of Clinical And Translational Neurology 2021, 8: 877-886. PMID: 33704933, PMCID: PMC8045922, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51338.
- Differential expression of the T-cell inhibitor TIGIT in glioblastoma and MSLucca LE, Lerner BA, Park C, DeBartolo D, Harnett B, Kumar VP, Ponath G, Raddassi K, Huttner A, Hafler DA, Pitt D. Differential expression of the T-cell inhibitor TIGIT in glioblastoma and MS Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2020, 7: e712. PMID: 32269065, PMCID: PMC7188477, DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000712.
- Quantifying the Metabolic Signature of Multiple Sclerosis by in vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Current Challenges and Future Outlook in the Translation From Proton Signal to Diagnostic BiomarkerSwanberg KM, Landheer K, Pitt D, Juchem C. Quantifying the Metabolic Signature of Multiple Sclerosis by in vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Current Challenges and Future Outlook in the Translation From Proton Signal to Diagnostic Biomarker Frontiers In Neurology 2019, 10: 1173. PMID: 31803127, PMCID: PMC6876616, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01173.
- The landscape of myeloid and astrocyte phenotypes in acute multiple sclerosis lesionsPark C, Ponath G, Levine-Ritterman M, Bull E, Swanson EC, De Jager PL, Segal BM, Pitt D. The landscape of myeloid and astrocyte phenotypes in acute multiple sclerosis lesions Acta Neuropathologica Communications 2019, 7: 130. PMID: 31405387, PMCID: PMC6689891, DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0779-2.
- Multiplexed imaging of immune cells in staged multiple sclerosis lesions by mass cytometryRamaglia V, Sheikh-Mohamed S, Legg K, Park C, Rojas OL, Zandee S, Fu F, Ornatsky O, Swanson EC, Pitt D, Prat A, McKee TD, Gommerman JL. Multiplexed imaging of immune cells in staged multiple sclerosis lesions by mass cytometry ELife 2019, 8: e48051. PMID: 31368890, PMCID: PMC6707785, DOI: 10.7554/elife.48051.
- Enhanced astrocyte responses are driven by a genetic risk allele associated with multiple sclerosisPonath G, Lincoln MR, Levine-Ritterman M, Park C, Dahlawi S, Mubarak M, Sumida T, Airas L, Zhang S, Isitan C, Nguyen TD, Raine CS, Hafler DA, Pitt D. Enhanced astrocyte responses are driven by a genetic risk allele associated with multiple sclerosis Nature Communications 2018, 9: 5337. PMID: 30559390, PMCID: PMC6297228, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07785-8.
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping identifies inflammation in a subset of chronic multiple sclerosis lesions.Kaunzner UW, Kang Y, Zhang S, Morris E, Yao Y, Pandya S, Hurtado Rua SM, Park C, Gillen KM, Nguyen TD, Wang Y, Pitt D, Gauthier SA. Quantitative susceptibility mapping identifies inflammation in a subset of chronic multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 2018, 142: 133-145. PMID: 30561514, PMCID: PMC6308309, DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy296.
- Astrocytes play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of MS lesions – YesPitt D, Ponath G. Astrocytes play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of MS lesions – Yes Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2018, 25: 15-17. PMID: 30136895, DOI: 10.1177/1352458518793026.
- Magnetic susceptibility increases as diamagnetic molecules breakdown: Myelin digestion during multiple sclerosis lesion formation contributes to increase on QSMDeh K, Ponath GD, Molvi Z, Parel G, Gillen KM, Zhang S, Nguyen TD, Spincemaille P, Ma Y, Gupta A, Gauthier SA, Pitt D, Wang Y. Magnetic susceptibility increases as diamagnetic molecules breakdown: Myelin digestion during multiple sclerosis lesion formation contributes to increase on QSM Journal Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2018, 48: 1281-1287. PMID: 29517817, PMCID: PMC6129234, DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25997.
- The Role of Astrocytes in Multiple SclerosisPonath G, Park C, Pitt D. The Role of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Frontiers In Immunology 2018, 9: 217. PMID: 29515568, PMCID: PMC5826071, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00217.
- Significance and In Vivo Detection of Iron-Laden Microglia in White Matter Multiple Sclerosis LesionsGillen KM, Mubarak M, Nguyen TD, Pitt D. Significance and In Vivo Detection of Iron-Laden Microglia in White Matter Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Frontiers In Immunology 2018, 9: 255. PMID: 29515576, PMCID: PMC5826076, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00255.
- Myeloid cell plasticity in the evolution of central nervous system autoimmunityGiles DA, Washnock‐Schmid J, Duncker PC, Dahlawi S, Ponath G, Pitt D, Segal BM. Myeloid cell plasticity in the evolution of central nervous system autoimmunity Annals Of Neurology 2018, 83: 131-141. PMID: 29283442, PMCID: PMC5876132, DOI: 10.1002/ana.25128.
- Podoplanin is a negative regulator of Th17 inflammationNylander AN, Ponath GD, Axisa PP, Mubarak M, Tomayko M, Kuchroo VK, Pitt D, Hafler DA. Podoplanin is a negative regulator of Th17 inflammation JCI Insight 2017, 2: e92321. PMID: 28878118, PMCID: PMC5621890, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92321.
- Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient careWang Y, Spincemaille P, Liu Z, Dimov A, Deh K, Li J, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Gillen KM, Wilman AH, Gupta A, Tsiouris AJ, Kovanlikaya I, Chiang G, Weinsaft JW, Tanenbaum L, Chen W, Zhu W, Chang S, Lou M, Kopell BH, Kaplitt MG, Devos D, Hirai T, Huang X, Korogi Y, Shtilbans A, Jahng G, Pelletier D, Gauthier SA, Pitt D, Bush AI, Brittenham GM, Prince MR. Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient care Journal Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2017, 46: 951-971. PMID: 28295954, PMCID: PMC5592126, DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25693.
- Myelin phagocytosis by astrocytes after myelin damage promotes lesion pathology.Ponath G, Ramanan S, Mubarak M, Housley W, Lee S, Sahinkaya FR, Vortmeyer A, Raine CS, Pitt D. Myelin phagocytosis by astrocytes after myelin damage promotes lesion pathology. Brain 2016, 140: 399-413. PMID: 28007993, PMCID: PMC5841057, DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww298.
- Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and R2* Measured Changes during White Matter Lesion Development in Multiple Sclerosis: Myelin Breakdown, Myelin Debris Degradation and Removal, and Iron AccumulationZhang Y, Gauthier SA, Gupta A, Chen W, Comunale J, Chiang G, Zhou D, Askin G, Zhu W, Pitt D, Wang Y. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and R2* Measured Changes during White Matter Lesion Development in Multiple Sclerosis: Myelin Breakdown, Myelin Debris Degradation and Removal, and Iron Accumulation American Journal Of Neuroradiology 2016, 37: 1629-1635. PMID: 27256856, PMCID: PMC5018433, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4825.
- CNS demyelination and enhanced myelin-reactive responses after ipilimumab treatmentCao Y, Nylander A, Ramanan S, Goods BA, Ponath G, Zabad R, Chiang VL, Vortmeyer AO, Hafler DA, Pitt D. CNS demyelination and enhanced myelin-reactive responses after ipilimumab treatment Neurology 2016, 86: 1553-1556. PMID: 26984943, PMCID: PMC5573201, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002594.
- Iron in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Noninvasive Imaging with Quantitative Susceptibility MappingStüber C, Pitt D, Wang Y. Iron in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Noninvasive Imaging with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping International Journal Of Molecular Sciences 2016, 17: 100. PMID: 26784172, PMCID: PMC4730342, DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010100.
- Basal Ganglia Iron in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Measured with 7T Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Correlates with Inhibitory ControlSchmalbrock P, Prakash RS, Schirda B, Janssen A, Yang GK, Russell M, Knopp MV, Boster A, Nicholas JA, Racke M, Pitt D. Basal Ganglia Iron in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Measured with 7T Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Correlates with Inhibitory Control American Journal Of Neuroradiology 2015, 37: 439-446. PMID: 26611996, PMCID: PMC7960135, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4599.
- Biomarkers in multiple sclerosisHousley WJ, Pitt D, Hafler DA. Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis Clinical Immunology 2015, 161: 51-58. PMID: 26143623, DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.06.015.
- Concise Review: Modeling Multiple Sclerosis With Stem Cell Biological Platforms: Toward Functional Validation of Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes in Inflammation‐Induced NeurodegenerationOrack JC, Deleidi M, Pitt D, Mahajan K, Nicholas JA, Boster AL, Racke MK, Comabella M, Watanabe F, Imitola J. Concise Review: Modeling Multiple Sclerosis With Stem Cell Biological Platforms: Toward Functional Validation of Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes in Inflammation‐Induced Neurodegeneration Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2015, 4: 252-260. PMID: 25593207, PMCID: PMC4339849, DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0133.
- Analysis of miRNA in Normal Appearing White Matter to Identify Altered CNS Pathways in Multiple SclerosisGuerau-de-Arellano M, Liu Y, Meisen WH, Pitt D, Racke MK, Lovett-Racke AE. Analysis of miRNA in Normal Appearing White Matter to Identify Altered CNS Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis Journal Of Autoimmune Disorders 2015, 1 PMID: 26894232, PMCID: PMC4755487, DOI: 10.21767/2471-8153.100006.
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of white matter multiple sclerosis lesions: Interpreting positive susceptibility and the presence of ironWisnieff C, Ramanan S, Olesik J, Gauthier S, Wang Y, Pitt D. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of white matter multiple sclerosis lesions: Interpreting positive susceptibility and the presence of iron Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 2014, 74: 564-570. PMID: 25137340, PMCID: PMC4333139, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25420.
- B cells populating the multiple sclerosis brain mature in the draining cervical lymph nodesStern JN, Yaari G, Vander Heiden JA, Church G, Donahue WF, Hintzen RQ, Huttner AJ, Laman JD, Nagra RM, Nylander A, Pitt D, Ramanan S, Siddiqui BA, Vigneault F, Kleinstein SH, Hafler DA, O'Connor KC. B cells populating the multiple sclerosis brain mature in the draining cervical lymph nodes Science Translational Medicine 2014, 6: 248ra107. PMID: 25100741, PMCID: PMC4388137, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008879.
- IFN-β alters neurotrophic factor expression in T cells isolated from multiple sclerosis patients - implication of novel neurotensin/NTSR1 pathway in neuroprotection.Soltys J, Knight J, Scharf E, Pitt D, Mao-Draayer Y. IFN-β alters neurotrophic factor expression in T cells isolated from multiple sclerosis patients - implication of novel neurotensin/NTSR1 pathway in neuroprotection. American Journal Of Translational Research 2014, 6: 312-9. PMID: 24936223, PMCID: PMC4058312.
- Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions at Various AgesChen W, Gauthier SA, Gupta A, Comunale J, Liu T, Wang S, Pei M, Pitt D, Wang Y. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions at Various Ages Radiology 2013, 271: 183-92. PMID: 24475808, PMCID: PMC4263629, DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130353.
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor potentiates autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation.Cox GM, Kithcart AP, Pitt D, Guan Z, Alexander J, Williams JL, Shawler T, Dagia NM, Popovich PG, Satoskar AR, Whitacre CC. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor potentiates autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation. Journal Of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2013, 191: 1043-54. PMID: 23797673, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200485.
- Iron Is a Sensitive Biomarker for Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis LesionsMehta V, Pei W, Yang G, Li S, Swamy E, Boster A, Schmalbrock P, Pitt D. Iron Is a Sensitive Biomarker for Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions PLOS ONE 2013, 8: e57573. PMID: 23516409, PMCID: PMC3597727, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057573.
- Lessons Learned From Fatal Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With NatalizumabBoster AL, Nicholas JA, Topalli I, Kisanuki YY, Pei W, Morgan-Followell B, Kirsch CF, Racke MK, Pitt D. Lessons Learned From Fatal Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Natalizumab JAMA Neurology 2013, 70: 398-402. PMID: 23338729, DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.1960.
- Detecting cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis at 7 T using white matter signal attenuationBluestein KT, Pitt D, Sammet S, Zachariah CR, Nagaraj U, Knopp MV, Schmalbrock P. Detecting cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis at 7 T using white matter signal attenuation Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2012, 30: 907-915. PMID: 22578928, PMCID: PMC3402634, DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.03.006.
- New and Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: What is New and What is to ComeNicholas J, Morgan-Followell B, Pitt D, Racke MK, Boster A. New and Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: What is New and What is to Come Journal Of Central Nervous System Disease 2012, 4: jcnsd.s6692. PMID: 23650470, PMCID: PMC3619700, DOI: 10.4137/jcnsd.s6692.
- Efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of glatiramer acetate in the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosisBoster A, Bartoszek MP, O’Connell C, Pitt D, Racke M. Efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of glatiramer acetate in the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis Therapeutic Advances In Neurological Disorders 2011, 4: 319-332. PMID: 22010043, PMCID: PMC3187678, DOI: 10.1177/1756285611422108.
- T1 and proton density at 7 T in patients with multiple sclerosis: an initial studyBluestein KT, Pitt D, Knopp MV, Schmalbrock P. T1 and proton density at 7 T in patients with multiple sclerosis: an initial study Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2011, 30: 19-25. PMID: 21937183, PMCID: PMC3375320, DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.07.018.
- What happens when natalizumab therapy is stopped?Schaaf SM, Pitt D, Racke MK. What happens when natalizumab therapy is stopped? Expert Review Of Neurotherapeutics 2011, 11: 1247-1250. PMID: 21864070, DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.109.
- Imaging Cortical Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis With Ultra–High-Field Magnetic Resonance ImagingPitt D, Boster A, Pei W, Wohleb E, Jasne A, Zachariah CR, Rammohan K, Knopp MV, Schmalbrock P. Imaging Cortical Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis With Ultra–High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging JAMA Neurology 2010, 67: 812-818. PMID: 20625086, DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.148.
- Dysmyelinated axons in shiverer mice are highly vulnerable to α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated toxicityPitt D, Gonzales E, Cross AH, Goldberg MP. Dysmyelinated axons in shiverer mice are highly vulnerable to α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated toxicity Brain Research 2009, 1309: 146-154. PMID: 19896473, PMCID: PMC7343376, DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.066.
- Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Multiple SclerosisPitt D, Raine C. Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Multiple Sclerosis 2004, 285-303. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8959-8_16.
- Glutamate uptake by oligodendrocytesPitt D, Nagelmeier IE, Wilson HC, Raine CS. Glutamate uptake by oligodendrocytes Neurology 2003, 61: 1113-1120. PMID: 14581674, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000090564.88719.37.
- Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in CCR2−/− Mice Susceptibility in Multiple StrainsGaupp S, Pitt D, Kuziel WA, Cannella B, Raine CS. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in CCR2−/− Mice Susceptibility in Multiple Strains American Journal Of Pathology 2003, 162: 139-150. PMID: 12507897, PMCID: PMC1851120, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63805-9.
- Multiple sclerosis: Altered glutamate homeostasis in lesions correlates with oligodendrocyte and axonal damageWerner P, Pitt D, Raine C. Multiple sclerosis: Altered glutamate homeostasis in lesions correlates with oligodendrocyte and axonal damage Annals Of Neurology 2001, 50: 169-180. PMID: 11506399, DOI: 10.1002/ana.1077.
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Fails to Enhance Central Nervous System Myelin Repair during Autoimmune DemyelinationCannella B, Pitt D, Capello E, Raine C. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Fails to Enhance Central Nervous System Myelin Repair during Autoimmune Demyelination American Journal Of Pathology 2000, 157: 933-943. PMID: 10980132, PMCID: PMC1885703, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64606-8.
- Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosisPitt D, Werner P, Raine C. Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis Nature Medicine 2000, 6: 67-70. PMID: 10613826, DOI: 10.1038/71555.
- Glutamate excitotoxicity — a mechanism for axonal damage and oligodendrocyte death in Multiple Sclerosis?Werner P, Pitt D, Raine CS. Glutamate excitotoxicity — a mechanism for axonal damage and oligodendrocyte death in Multiple Sclerosis? 2000, 375-385. PMID: 11205156, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6301-6_27.
- Glutamate excitotoxicity — a mechanism for axonal damage and oligodendrocyte death in Multiple Sclerosis?Werner P, Pitt D, Raine C. Glutamate excitotoxicity — a mechanism for axonal damage and oligodendrocyte death in Multiple Sclerosis? 2000, 375-385. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6301-6_27.
- Neuregulin and erbB receptor expression in normal and diseased human white matterCannella B, Pitt D, Marchionni M, Raine C. Neuregulin and erbB receptor expression in normal and diseased human white matter Journal Of Neuroimmunology 1999, 100: 233-242. PMID: 10695733, DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00201-5.
- PERFORIN EXPRESSION IN DEMYELINATIVE LESIONS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, AND A ROLE FOR PERFORIN IN THE REGULATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITISZeine R, Cannella B, Pitt D, Raine C. PERFORIN EXPRESSION IN DEMYELINATIVE LESIONS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, AND A ROLE FOR PERFORIN IN THE REGULATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS Journal Of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 1999, 58: 564. DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199905000-00232.
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in chemokine receptor deficient micePitt D, Kuziel W, Charles P, Cannella B, Raine C. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in chemokine receptor deficient mice Journal Of Neuroimmunology 1998, 90: 60. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)91536-3.
- Ligand-induced regulation of glucagon-like peptide-I receptor function and expression in insulin-secreting beta cells.Fehmann HC, Jiang J, Pitt D, Schweinfurth J, Göke B. Ligand-induced regulation of glucagon-like peptide-I receptor function and expression in insulin-secreting beta cells. Pancreas 1996, 13: 273-82. PMID: 8884849, DOI: 10.1097/00006676-199610000-00010.