Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Collaborators G, Feigin V, Abate M, Abate Y, ElHafeez S, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdelkader A, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdi P, Abdollahi A, Abdoun M, Abd-Rabu R, Abdulah D, Abdullahi A, Abebe M, Zuñiga R, Abhilash E, Abiodun O, Abiodun O, Kasem R, Aboagye R, Abouzid M, Abreu L, Abrha W, Abtahi D, Abu Rumeileh S, Abualhasan A, Abualruz H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abukhadijah H, Abu-Rmeileh N, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Acuna J, Adane D, Adane M, Addo I, Adedoyin R, Adegboye O, Adekanmbi V, Adhikari K, Adnani Q, Adra S, Adzigbli L, Afify A, Afolabi A, Afrashteh F, Afzal M, Afzal S, Aghamiri S, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah B, Ahmad A, Ahmad M, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadzade A, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed S, Ajami M, Aji B, Akara E, Akinyemi R, Akkaif M, Akrami A, Al Awaidy S, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan S, Al Qadire M, Al Ta'ani O, Al-Ajlouni Y, Alalalmeh S, Alalwan T, Al-Aly Z, Al-amer R, Aldhaleei W, Aldossary M, Alemohammad S, Al-Fatly B, Al-Gheethi A, Alhalaiqa F, Alharrasi M, Ali A, Ali M, Ali R, Ali S, Ali W, Al-Ibraheem A, Alif M, Aljunid S, Almahmeed W, Al-Marwani S, Alomari M, Alonso J, Alqahtani J, Al-Raddadi R, Alrawashdeh A, Alsabri M, Alshahrani N, Altaany Z, Altaf A, Al-Tammemi A, Altwalbeh D, Alvis-Guzman N, Alwafi H, Al-Wardat M, Al-Worafi Y, Aly H, Aly S, Alyahya M, Alzoubi K, Al-Zyoud W, Amani R, Amegbor M, Amera T, Amin T, Amindarolzarbi A, Amiri S, Amu H, Amugsi D, Amusa G, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Angappan D, Anil A, Ansari M, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Ansong R, Anvari S, Anwar S, Anwar S, Anyabolo E, Anyasodor A, Apostol G, Appiah F, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Bahri R, Arafat M, Aravkin A, Ardekani A, Areda D, Aregawi B, Aregu G, Aremu O, Arifin H, Ärnlöv J, Artamonov A, Arulappan J, Aryal U, Aryan Z, Asbeutah A, Asemahagn M, Asemu M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashemo M, Ashraf T, Aslani A, Asmerom H, Astell-Burt T, Athari S, Atorkey, Atout M, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avan A, Awad H, Awotidebe A, Ayana L, Aychiluhm S, Aynalem A, Aynalem Z, Azadnajafabad S, Azami H, Aziz S, Azzam A, Babu A, Babu G, Badar M, Badiye A, Taghanaki P, Bahramian S, Bai R, Baig A, Bakkannavar S, Bako A, Baltatu O, Bam K, Banach M, Banakar M, Bandyopadhyay S, Banik P, Bansal K, Bao Y, Barboza M, Bardhan M, Barengo N, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barqawi H, Barrow A, Barua L, Bashiri A, Bashiru H, Basiru A, Bastan M, Basu S, Basu S, Batra K, Begde A, Behnam B, Behnoush A, Belayneh M, Belingheri M, Bello U, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhe F, Bermudez A, Beyene H, Beyene K, Bhagat D, Bhagavathula A, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhat A, Bhat V, Bhatti G, Bhatti J, Bhuiyan M, Bhusal S, Bikbov B, Bilgin C, Biondi A, Bishaw K, Biswas A, Biswas B, Bodhare T, Bogale E, Boloor A, Hashemi M, Bonny A, Basara B, Borhany H, Bosoka S, Bouaoud S, Bouyahya A, Boyko E, Bozic M, Braithwaite D, Breitner S, Brenner H, Britton G, Brunoni A, Bryazka D, Bugiardini R, Bulto L, Burkart K, Bustanji Y, Butt Z, dos Santos F, Cámera L, Campos L, Campos-Nonato I, Cao F, Capodici A, Cárdenas R, Carr S, Carreras G, Carvalho A, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia J, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castelpietra G, Catapano A, Cattaruzza M, Cegolon L, Cembranel F, Cenko E, Cerin E, Chadwick J, Chakraborty C, Chakraborty S, Chan J, Chandika R, Chandrasekar E, Chanie G, Chattu V, Chaudhary A, Chaurasia A, Chen H, Chen M, Chen S, Chi G, Chichagi F, Chimoriya R, Ching P, Chitheer A, Cho S, Choi D, Chong B, Chong C, Chopra H, Choudhari S, Choudhary R, Chu D, Chukwu I, Chung S, Cindi Z, Cioffi I, Cogen R, Columbus A, Costanzo S, Couto R, Criqui M, Cruz-Martins N, Cuadra-Hernández S, da Silva A, Dadana S, Dadras O, Dai X, Dalal K, Dalli L, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwish A, Das S, Dashti M, Dashtkoohi M, Dashtkoohi M, Dastmardi M, Davletov K, De la Cruz-Góngora V, DeAngelo S, Debele A, Debopadhaya S, Delgado-Enciso I, Demessa B, Demetriades A, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dervišević E, Desai H, Desale A, Desta F, Devanbu V, Devegowda D, Dewan S, Dhane A, Dhimal M, Dhulipala V, Diaz M, Diress M, Dodangeh M, Doegah P, Dohare S, Doheim M, Dokova K, Dongarwar D, D'Oria M, Doshi O, Doshi R, Douiri A, Dowou R, Dsouza A, Dsouza H, Dsouza V, Duncan B, Duraes A, Dziedzic A, Ekholuenetale M, Bayoumy I, Zaki M, Elbarazi I, El-Dahiyat F, Elgendy I, Elhadi M, El-Huneidi W, Elmonem M, Elmoselhi A, Eltaha C, Emeto T, Esezobor C, Esfandiari N, Esmaeili Z, Esposito F, Etoom M, Fabin N, Fadhil I, Fagbamigbe A, Fagbule O, Faghani S, Fahim A, Fakhradiyev I, Falzone L, Fareed M, Fares J, Farinha C, Faris M, Faris P, Kouhanjani M, Faro A, Farrokhpour H, Fasanmi A, Fauk N, Fazeli P, Fazylov T, Feizkhah A, Fekadu G, Feng X, Fereshtehnejad S, Ferrara P, Ferreira N, Fetensa G, Feyisa B, Fischer F, Flor L, Foley K, Fonseca A, Foroumadi R, Foroutan B, Fortuna D, Foschi M, Franklin R, Fridayani N, Sridevi G, Gaal P, Gaidhane A, Gaipov A, Galali Y, Gallus S, Gandhi A, Ganesan B, Gasevic D, Gautam P, Gautam R, Gebregergis M, Gebrehiwot M, Gebrekidan K, Getacher L, Getahun G, Getie M, Ghadimi D, Ghadirian F, Jolfayi A, Ghafourifard M, Ghasemi M, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghazy R, Gholami E, Gholami Z, Ghozy S, Luza S, Gilani J, Gill T, Gillum R, Gindaba E, Gnedovskaya E, Goel A, Goldust M, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gona P, Gorini G, Goulart A, Goulart B, Gouravani, Grivna M, Grosso G, Grover A, Guan S, Guarducci G, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Gulati S, Gunawardane D, Guo C, Guo Z, Gupta A, Gupta B, Gupta M, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta S, Habibzadeh F, Hadi N, Dogahe M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Haghmorad D, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halimi A, Hamdy N, Hamidi S, Hamilton E, Hanif A, Hanifi N, Hankey G, Hannan A, Haq Z, Hargono A, Harlianto N, Haro J, Has E, Hasaballah A, Hasan I, Hasnain S, Hassan I, Tabatabaei M, Haubold J, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hbid Y, Hebert J, Hegazi O, Heidari M, Hemmati M, Heyi D, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Hoan N, Holla R, Horita N, Hossain M, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Adli A, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hu B, Hu C, Huang J, Humayun A, Hussain S, Huy L, Huynh H, Hwang B, Ibitoye S, Ikeda N, Ikiroma A, Ilesanmi O, Ilic I, Ilic M, Imam M, Immurana M, Inbaraj L, Iqhrammullah M, Iradukunda A, Irham L, Islam R, Ismail F, Ismail N, Iso H, Isola G, Itumalla R, Iwagami M, Iwu C, Vinothini J, Jaafari J, Jacob L, Jafarzadeh A, Jahrami H, Jain A, Jain N, Jairoun A, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Yengejeh R, Janakiraman B, Jatau A, Jayapal S, Jayaram S, Jee S, Jeganathan J, Jegnie M, Jema A, Jeswani B, Jeyakumar A, Jha A, Jha R, Ji Z, Jiang H, Jin S, Jin Y, Jokar M, Jonas J, Joo T, Jose J, Joseph N, Joshua C, Joukar F, Jozwiak J, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kalani R, Kalra S, Kamal V, Kamireddy A, Kan H, Kanaan M, Kandel H, Kanmodi K, Kantar R, Kapoor N, Karakasis P, Karaye I, Karch A, Karimi H, Karimi S, Karimi Y, Behnagh A, Karki P, Kasraei H, Kauppila J, Kaur H, Kaydi N, Kayode G, Kazemi F, Kazemian S, Kesse-Guyot E, Khader Y, Khafaie M, Khaing I, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khalid N, Khalil A, Khan A, Khan F, Khan M, Khan M, Khan M, 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D, Zeng Y, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhong C, Zhou S, Zhu B, Zhu L, Zhumagaliuly A, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zikarg Y, Zoghi G, Zyoud S, Zyoud S, Johnson C, Roth G, Nair B, Rautalin I, Bhati A, Bisignano C, Vos T, Murray C. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Neurology 2024, 23: 973-1003. PMID: 39304265, DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00369-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisability-adjusted life yearsBurden of strokeStroke burdenIncident strokeRisk factorsEstimates of stroke burdenEvidence-based health careGlobal Burden of Disease StudyDisability-adjusted life year ratesBurden of Disease StudyLow physical activityAge-standardised ratesCause of disability-adjusted life yearsSugar-sweetened beveragesReduce stroke burdenHigher fasting plasma glucoseUp-to-date estimatesIschaemic strokeIschaemic heart diseaseStroke surveillanceGBD methodologyPhysical activityAcute careGBD regionsIntracerebral haemorrhage
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