Pain Management in Elderly Patients
Akhtar S, Rappa R, Ghori M. Pain Management in Elderly Patients. 2010, 699-713. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-87579-8_32.ChaptersPhysiologic changesNormal physiologic changesExtremes of ageNormal physiological changesProgressive physiological changesPhysiological changesChronological ageElderly patientsPhysiologic reservePain managementMedical conditionsNormal physiologyAgeCognitive changesInjuryBiological ageDiseaseBirth datePhysiological degenerationSame individualPhysiological processesPatientsDegenerationIndividualsPain pathways and pain processing
Mirchandani A, Akhtar S. Pain pathways and pain processing. 2010, 7-12. DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511841378.003.ChaptersPain managementPain processingAvailable pain medicationsAdjuvant medicationsNeuraxial opioidsPain medicationPain reliefAdverse eventsPain pathwaysOpioid analgesicsMuscle relaxantsPharmacologic principlesNMDA antagonistsLocal anestheticsAnalgesicsCommon dosesClinical settingClinical useParticular drugMedicationsCliniciansDrugsAnalgesiaContraindicationsOpioids