Health Care Research

Health care policy and economic research with respect to radiology is an area of active research by several members of our faculty. Recent publications by Drs. Howard Forman and Jeffrey Weinreb address the means of measuring the current market for Radiologists, the incentives that medical students respond to in choosing a specialty, and ensuring quality in imaging services.

Professor Forman is a practicing emergency room/trauma radiologist. He teaches undergraduate, graduate, and graduate medical courses in healthcare policy, finance, and economics at Yale University. He is an associate editor of the AJR.

Dr. Weinreb is Section Chief of Body Imaging, Chief of MRI, and Director of Medical Imaging in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology at the Yale Medical School and Yale-New Haven Hospital. He is served for six years as Chairman of the Commission on Quality and Safety for the American College of Radiology. He is a former Vice President of the ACR and President of the Society for Computed Body Tomography/Magnetic Resonance (SCBT/MR). He is currently the Chair of the National Data Registry (NRDR) and Co-Chair of the ACR Forum.

Healthcare Research Publications

2024

Even with ChatGPT, race matters.Amin KS, Forman HP, Davis MA. Clin Imaging. 2024 May; 2024 Mar 2. PMID: 38552383.
Large Language Models as an Inexpensive and Effective Extra Set of Eyes in Radiology Reporting.Forman HP. Radiology. 2024 Apr. PMID: 38625009.
Industry payments and brand-name tyrosine kinase inhibitor use amid generic entry.Sun QW, Forman HP, Ross JS. Clin Trials. 2024 Apr; 2023 Oct 31. PMID: 37904526.
Quantitative Evaluation of Large Language Models to Streamline Radiology Report Impressions: A Multimodal Retrospective Analysis.Doshi R, Amin KS, Khosla P, Bajaj S, Chheang S, Forman HP. Radiology. 2024 Mar. PMID: 38530171.
Immunotherapy Initiation at the End of Life in Patients With Metastatic Cancer in the US.Kerekes DM, Frey AE, Prsic EH, Tran TT, Clune JE, Sznol M, Kluger HM, Forman HP, Becher RD, Olino KL, Khan SA. JAMA Oncol. 2024 Mar 1. PMID: 38175659.
Large language models as a source of health information: Are they patient-centered? A longitudinal analysis.Amin K, Doshi R, Forman HP. Healthc (Amst). 2024 Mar; 2023 Dec 22. PMID: 38141269.
Subsegmental Pulmonary Emboli and Chronic Pulmonary Emboli Should Not Be Ignored.Forman HP, Bhalla S. Radiology. 2024 Feb. PMID: 38411509.
Reply to "Considering Health Systems Worldwide: Point of View From a Middle-Income Country".Tu LH, Melnick E, Venkatesh AK, Sheth KN, Navaratnam D, Yaesoubi R, Forman HP, Mahajan A. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2024 Feb; 2024 Feb 28. PMID: 38294162.
Cost-Effectiveness of CT, CTA, MRI, and Specialized MRI for Evaluation of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Dizziness.Tu LH, Melnick E, Venkatesh AK, Sheth KN, Navaratnam D, Yaesoubi R, Forman HP, Mahajan A. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2024 Feb; 2023 Nov 8. PMID: 37937837.

2023

Risk Factors for Blood Transfusions in Elective Single-Level Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Conditions.Lee D, Lee R, Fassihi SC, Ramamurti P, Heyer JH, Iweala U, Weinreb J, O'Brien J. Iowa Orthop J. 2023 Dec. PMID: 38213855.
CT With CTA Versus MRI in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Dizziness: Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching.Tu LH, Navaratnam D, Melnick ER, Forman HP, Venkatesh AK, Malhotra A, Yaesoubi R, Sureshanand S, Sheth KN, Mahajan A. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2023 Dec; 2023 Jul 5. PMID: 37404082.
Distribution and Disparities of Industry Payments to Radiologists (2016-2020).Khunte M, Zhong A, Wu X, Payabvash S, Gandhi D, Forman HP, Malhotra A. Acad Radiol. 2023 Dec; 2023 May 18. PMID: 37210267.
Accuracy of ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing for Simplifying Radiology Reports.Amin KS, Davis MA, Doshi R, Haims AH, Khosla P, Forman HP. Radiology. 2023 Nov. PMID: 37987662.
Artificial Intelligence to Improve Patient Understanding of Radiology Reports.Amin K, Khosla P, Doshi R, Chheang S, Forman HP. Yale J Biol Med. 2023 Sep; 2023 Sep 29. PMID: 37780992.
American College of Radiology initiatives on prostate magnetic resonance imaging quality.Purysko AS, Tempany C, Macura KJ, Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Gupta RT, Attridge L, Hernandez D, Garcia-Tomkins K, Bhargavan-Chatfield M, Weinreb J, Larson DB. Eur J Radiol. 2023 Aug; 2023 Jun 17. PMID: 37352683.
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections After Single-Level Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.Lee D, Lee R, Weinreb J, Chalif E, Mohile N, Heyer JH, O'Brien J. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2023 Aug; 2023 Jun 15. PMID: 37327050.
American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria®: a bibliometric analysis of panel members.Malhotra A, Bajaj S, Garg T, Khunte M, Pahwa B, Wu X, Payabvash S, Mukherjee S, Gandhi D, Forman HP. Insights Imaging. 2023 Jul 3; 2023 Jul 3. PMID: 37395838.
Characterization of the Landscape of Joint MD/MBA Programs in the US, 2002 to 2022.Laditi F, Sun W, Forman HP. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jun 1; 2023 Jun 1. PMID: 37389880.
Industry Payments to Radiologists During the Last 5 Years and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic.Khunte M, Zhong A, Khunte A, Sanelli P, Forman H, Gandhi D, Malhotra A. J Am Coll Radiol. 2023 Jun; 2023 May 4. PMID: 37148954.
No such thing as a free lunch: The direct marginal costs of breastfeeding.Mahoney SE, Taylor SN, Forman HP. J Perinatol. 2023 May; 2023 Mar 22. PMID: 36949157.
Even in Radiology, Race Matters.Forman HP, Davis MA. Radiology. 2023 May; 2023 Feb 21. PMID: 36809221.
LI-RADS: Looking Back, Looking Forward.Chernyak V, Fowler KJ, Do RKG, Kamaya A, Kono Y, Tang A, Mitchell DG, Weinreb J, Santillan CS, Sirlin CB. Radiology. 2023 Apr; 2023 Feb 28. PMID: 36853182.
Clinical Implementation of a Combined Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Quality Assurance Program for Pulmonary Nodule Detection in the Emergency Department Setting.Cavallo JJ, de Oliveira Santo I, Mezrich JL, Forman HP. J Am Coll Radiol. 2023 Apr; 2023 Feb 2. PMID: 36736547.
Cost-effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in adults with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma.Potnis KC, Di M, Isufi I, Gowda L, Seropian SE, Foss FM, Forman HP, Huntington SF. Blood Adv. 2023 Mar 14. PMID: 36342852.
Clinical criteria to exclude acute vascular pathology on CT angiogram in patients with dizziness.Tu LH, Malhotra A, Venkatesh AK, Taylor RA, Sheth KN, Yaesoubi R, Forman HP, Sureshanand S, Navaratnam D. PLoS One. 2023; 2023 Mar 9. PMID: 36893103.
Price Variability for Common Radiology Services within U.S. Hospitals.Jiang JX, Forman HP, Gupta S, Bai G. Radiology. 2023 Mar; 2022 Oct 18. PMID: 36255313.
An update on ductal plate malformations and fibropolycystic diseases of the liver.Mirza H, Besse W, Somlo S, Weinreb J, Kenney B, Jain D. Hum Pathol. 2023 Feb; 2022 Jun 28. PMID: 35777701.

2022

Diversity in Radiology: Current Status and Trends Over the Past Decade.Wu X, Bajaj S, Khunte M, Revzin M, Gandhi D, Wintermark M, Sanelli P, Forman H, Malhotra A. Radiology. 2022 Dec; 2022 Aug 9. PMID: 35943334.
Assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine market landscape in 2021 relative to challenges in low- and middle-income countries.Oddleifson DA, Kayani J, Shrivastava R, Tan J, Winters M, Forman H, Omer SB. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Nov 30; 2022 Oct 21. PMID: 36269944.
Clinical utility of MR/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy in patients with lower suspicion lesions on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer.Lokeshwar SD, Nguyen J, Rahman SN, Khajir G, Ho R, Ghabili K, Leapman MS, Weinreb JC, Sprenkle PC. Urol Oncol. 2022 Sep; 2022 Jul 8. PMID: 35811206.
The Critical Shortage of Iodinated Contrast Material - Will Value Prevail?Tu LH, Miller JE, Forman HP. N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 11; 2022 Jun 15. PMID: 35704416.
Yield of Head Computed Tomography Examinations for Common Psychiatric Presentations and Implications for Medical Clearance From a 6-Year Analysis of Acute Hospital Visits.Tu LH, Malhotra A, Sheth KN, Yaesoubi R, Forman HP, Venkatesh AK. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 Aug 1. PMID: 35727595.
ACR Statement on Use of Iodinated Contrast Material for Medical Imaging in Young Children and Need for Thyroid Monitoring.Dillman JR, Forbes-Amrhein MM, Wang CL, Asch D, Cavallo J, Ellis JH, Gilligan LA, Krishnan P, McDonald RJ, McDonald JS, Murphy BL, Mervak BM, Newhouse JH, Pahade JK, Sumkin A, Weinreb JC, Weinstein S, Davenport MS. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jul; 2022 Jun 7. PMID: 35679956.
Statement from the ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media on the Intravenous Iodinated Contrast Media Shortage.Wang CL, Asch D, Cavallo J, Dillman JR, Ellis JH, Forbes-Amrhein MM, Gilligan LA, Krishnan P, McDonald RJ, McDonald JS, Murphy BL, Mervak BM, Newhouse JH, Pahade JK, Sumkin A, Weinreb JC, Weinstein S, Davenport MS. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jul; 2022 May 20. PMID: 35598635.
ACR-RADS Programs Current State and Future Opportunities: Defining a Governance Structure to Enable Sustained Success.Davenport MS, Chatfield M, Hoang J, Maturen KE, Obuchowski N, Tse JR, Weinreb J, Kaur D, Attridge L, Kurth D, Larson D. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jun; 2022 Apr 26. PMID: 35487247.
JACR Health Policy Expert Panel: Hospital Price Transparency.Liao JM, Bai G, Forman HP, White AA, Lee CI. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jun; 2022 Apr 21. PMID: 35460605.
A systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses on endovascular thrombectomy in ischemic stroke patients.Wu X, Khunte M, Gandhi D, Sanelli P, Forman HP, Malhotra A. Eur Radiol. 2022 Jun; 2022 Mar 17. PMID: 35301558.
Real-Time MRI-Guided Prostate Interventions.Masoom SN, Sundaram KM, Ghanouni P, Fütterer J, Oto A, Ayyagari R, Sprenkle P, Weinreb J, Arora S. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Apr 7; 2022 Apr 7. PMID: 35454773.
Evaluation of Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration Among US Adults, 2004-2018.Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Valero-Elizondo J, Massey D, Lu Y, Roy B, Riley C, Annapureddy AR, Murugiah K, Elumn J, Nasir K, Nunez-Smith M, Forman HP, Jackson CL, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1; 2022 Apr 1. PMID: 35389500.
Perioperative magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer care: Distinct adoption trajectories among physician patient-sharing networks.Xu X, Soulos PR, Herrin J, Wang SY, Pollack CE, Killelea BK, Forman HP, Gross CP. PLoS One. 2022; 2022 Mar 15. PMID: 35290417.
Price Transparency Comes to Radiology: Are We Ready for the Attention?Forman HP. Radiology. 2022 Mar; 2021 Nov 30. PMID: 34846209.
Head and Neck CTA Utilization: Analysis of Ordering Frequency and Nonroutine Results Communication, With Focus on the 50 Most Common Emergency Department Clinical Presentations.Tu LH, Malhotra A, Venkatesh AK, Taylor RA, Sheth KN, Forman HP, Yaesoubi R. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2022 Mar; 2021 Sep 29. PMID: 34585611.
Drip-and-ship versus mothership for endovascular treatment of acute stroke: A comparative effectiveness analysis.Wu X, Wira CR, Matouk CC, Forman HP, Gandhi D, Sanelli P, Schindler J, Malhotra A. Int J Stroke. 2022 Mar; 2021 Apr 15. PMID: 33759645.
Symptoms Associated with Gadolinium Exposure (SAGE): A Suggested Term.McDonald RJ, Weinreb JC, Davenport MS. Radiology. 2022 Feb; 2021 Nov 16. PMID: 34783590.
Targeting prostate cancer with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin functionalized nanoparticles co-encapsulating imaging cargo enhances magnetic resonance imaging specificity.Martin DT, Lee JS, Liu Q, Galiana G, Sprenkle PC, Humphrey PA, Petrylak DP, Weinreb JC, Schulam PG, Weiss RM, Fahmy TM. Nanomedicine. 2022 Feb; 2021 Nov 3. PMID: 34740868.
Scenarios to improve CT head utilization in the emergency department delineated by critical results reporting.Tu LH, Venkatesh AK, Malhotra A, Taylor RA, Sheth KN, Forman HP, Yaesoubi R. Emerg Radiol. 2022 Feb; 2021 Oct 7. PMID: 34617133.
Low-Cost Low-Field MRI Has Arrived: What Does It Mean for Radiology?Weinreb JC. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jan; 2021 Nov 1. PMID: 34736909.
Financial and medicolegal implications of focused/fast abdominopelvic MRI exams.Mezrich JL, Weinreb JC. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022 Jan; 2021 Oct 28. PMID: 34713311.

2021

Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR): International Consensus -based Guidelines on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer Recurrence after Radiation Therapy and Radical Prostatectomy.Panebianco V, Villeirs G, Weinreb JC, Turkbey BI, Margolis DJ, Richenberg J, Schoots IG, Moore CM, Futterer J, Macura KJ, Oto A, Bittencourt LK, Haider MA, Salomon G, Tempany CM, Padhani AR, Barentsz JO. Eur Urol Oncol. 2021 Dec; 2021 Feb 10. PMID: 33582104.
Musculoskeletal Urgent Care Centers Restrict Access for Patients with Medicaid Insurance Based on Policy and Location.Yousman LC, Hsiang WR, Jin G, Najem M, Mosier-Mills A, Khunte A, Jain S, Forman H, Wiznia DH. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021 Nov 1. PMID: 34114975.