Chronic low-dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells. Toxicity blocked by memantine.
Vorwerk C, Lipton S, Zurakowski D, Hyman B, Sabel B, Dreyer E. Chronic low-dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells. Toxicity blocked by memantine. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 1996, 37: 1618-24. PMID: 8675405.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRetinal ganglion cellsLow-dose glutamateGanglion cell survivalGanglion cellsGlutamate toxicityGlutamate levelsMinor elevationsGlutamate concentrationCentral mammalian neuronsEndogenous glutamate levelsCell survivalSuch chronic exposuresGlutamate elevationVitreal glutamateMemantine therapyMemantine treatmentNeuronal lossIntravitreal injectionGlutamate antagonistsMicroM glutamateVehicle injectionChronic elevationMemantineAcute exposureChronic exposure