1996
Elevated Glutamate Levels in the Vitreous Body of Humans and Monkeys With Glaucoma
Dreyer E, Zurakowski D, Schumer R, Podos S, Lipton S. Elevated Glutamate Levels in the Vitreous Body of Humans and Monkeys With Glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmology 1996, 114: 299-305. PMID: 8600890, DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130295012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExcitatory amino acid glutamateRetinal ganglion cellsAmino acid glutamateVitreous bodyGlaucomatous eyesGanglion cellsGlutamate levelsRetinal ganglion cell neuronsOptic nerve damageGroup of patientsElevated glutamate levelsGanglion cell neuronsLevels of glutamateEyes of monkeysNerve damageControl eyesVisual dysfunctionNonglaucomatous eyesCataract extractionPosterior capsuleInadvertent ruptureDisease processGlaucomaCell neuronsPatients
1992
Blockade of NMDA receptor-mediated mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ prevents neurotoxicity
Lei S, Zhang D, Abele A, Lipton S. Blockade of NMDA receptor-mediated mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ prevents neurotoxicity. Brain Research 1992, 598: 196-202. PMID: 1486480, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(92)90183-a.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntracellular Ca2Extracellular Ca2Excessive NMDA receptor stimulationRetinal ganglion cell neuronsNMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicityGanglion cell neuronsNMDA receptor activationReceptor-mediated mobilizationNMDA receptor stimulationNormal extracellular Ca2Neuronal damagePharmacological interventionsPrevents neurotoxicityReceptor stimulationPresence of EGTAIntracellular storesNMDACell neuronsReceptor activationCultured ratDelayed neurotoxicityDantroleneNeurotoxicityElevated Ca2NeuronsOpen-channel block of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) responses by memantine: therapeutic advantage against NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity
Chen H, Pellegrini J, Aggarwal S, Lei S, Warach S, Jensen F, Lipton. Open-channel block of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) responses by memantine: therapeutic advantage against NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. Journal Of Neuroscience 1992, 12: 4427-4436. PMID: 1432103, PMCID: PMC6576016, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.12-11-04427.1992.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicityMK-801Open channel blockTherapeutic advantageLow micromolar concentrationsNMDA open-channel blockersHypoxic-ischemic brain injuryN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) responsesTherapeutic potentialRetinal ganglion cell neuronsRat stroke modelGanglion cell neuronsLevels of glutamateNMDA receptor stimulationCultures of ratConsiderable therapeutic potentialMechanism of actionOpen channel blockerMicromolar concentrationsClinical entityBrain injuryNMDA antagonistsNMDA receptorsExcessive activationStroke modelRequirement for macrophages in neuronal injury induced by HIV envelope protein gp120
Lipton S. Requirement for macrophages in neuronal injury induced by HIV envelope protein gp120. Neuroreport 1992, 3: 913-915. PMID: 1421098, DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199210000-00023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV envelope protein gp120Retinal ganglion cellsEnvelope protein gp120Neuronal injuryGanglion cellsGlial cellsProtein gp120N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonistsMixed neuronal-glial culturesRetinal ganglion cell neuronsNeuronal-glial culturesGanglion cell neuronsActivation of macrophagesPresence of macrophagesPM gp120Like damageGlial culturesCell neuronsGp120Early increaseFree calciumPostnatal retinaMacrophagesInjurious effectsNeurons
1991
Redox modulatory site of the NMDA receptor–channel complex: Regulation by oxidized glutathione
Sucher N, Lipton S. Redox modulatory site of the NMDA receptor–channel complex: Regulation by oxidized glutathione. Journal Of Neuroscience Research 1991, 30: 582-591. PMID: 1666131, DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490300316.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRedox modulatory siteNMDA receptor-channel complexReceptor-channel complexModulatory siteNMDA responsesFura-2 digital imagingRetinal ganglion cell neuronsWhole-cell current responsesPatch-clamp recording techniquesGanglion cell neuronsCo-agonist glycineIntracellular calcium concentrationCultures of ratNMDA subtypeNMDA receptorsGlutamate receptorsCell neuronsHigh extracellularExtracellular applicationComplete recoveryCalcium concentrationFurther decrementRecording techniquesPredominant actionNMDA
1990
Neuronal injury due to HIV-1 envelope protein is blocked by anti-gp120 antibodies but not by anti-CD4 antibodies.
Kaiser P, Offermann J, Lipton S. Neuronal injury due to HIV-1 envelope protein is blocked by anti-gp120 antibodies but not by anti-CD4 antibodies. Neurology 1990, 40: 1757-61. PMID: 2234433, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.40.11.1757.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnti-CD4 antibodiesNeuronal injuryHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Retinal ganglion cell neuronsImmunodeficiency virus type 1Absence of superinfectionHIV-1 envelope proteinAnti-gp120 antibodiesGanglion cell neuronsRat T cellsForm of neurotoxicityVirus type 1Envelope proteinNeurologic manifestationsVisual lossImmunodeficiency syndromeCentral neuronsT cellsT lymphocytesHIV-1Protein gp120CD4 moleculeCell neuronsGp120Type 1VIP-mediated increase in cAMP prevents tetrodotoxin-induced retinal ganglion cell death in vitro
Kaiser P, Lipton S. VIP-mediated increase in cAMP prevents tetrodotoxin-induced retinal ganglion cell death in vitro. Neuron 1990, 5: 373-381. PMID: 2169272, DOI: 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90173-d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVasoactive intestinal peptideNatural cell deathRGC survivalRetinal ganglion cell deathRetinal ganglion cell neuronsCell deathGanglion cell deathGanglion cell neuronsElectrical blockadePHI-27VIP10-28Intestinal peptideAfferent influencesNeurotrophic effectsNeonatal ratsTetrodotoxin blockadeVIP stimulationRetinal culturesCell neuronsIntact retinaAdenylate cyclaseNormal cell deathElectrical activityDeathRGCsComparison of delayed administration of competitive and uncompetitive antagonists in preventing NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal death.
Levy D, Lipton S. Comparison of delayed administration of competitive and uncompetitive antagonists in preventing NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal death. Neurology 1990, 40: 852-5. PMID: 1970428, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.40.5.852.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMK-801Uncompetitive antagonistCompetitive antagonistNMDA receptor-mediated neuronal deathN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsRetinal ganglion cell neuronsStudies of excitotoxicityGanglion cell neuronsGlutamate-induced injuryNeuronal cell deathUncompetitive NMDA antagonistsHypoxia-ischemiaNeurologic injuryProtective dosesNeuronal deathCentral neuronsInitial insultNMDA antagonistsProtective effectCell neuronsAntagonistMinutes of exposureToxic damageInjuryCell death
1988
Nicotinic Antagonists Enhance Process Outgrowth by Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells in Culture
Lipton S, Frosch M, Phillips M, Tauck D, Aizenman E. Nicotinic Antagonists Enhance Process Outgrowth by Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells in Culture. Science 1988, 239: 1293-1296. PMID: 3344435, DOI: 10.1126/science.3344435.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRetinal ganglion cellsNicotinic antagonistsGanglion cellsFunctional nicotinic cholinergic receptorsRetinal ganglion cell processesRat retinal ganglion cellsRetinal ganglion cell neuronsNicotinic cholinergic drugsSpecific nicotinic antagonistsProcess outgrowthGanglion cell neuronsNicotinic cholinergic receptorsGanglion cell processesNormal control mechanismsApplied acetylcholinePostsynaptic effectsCholinergic receptorsAmacrine cellsCholinergic drugsPharmacologic blockadeSpontaneous leaksRemoval of inhibitionRetinal culturesAcetylcholineCell neurons