2021
Optic nerve regeneration screen identifies multiple genes restricting adult neural repair
Lindborg JA, Tran NM, Chenette DM, DeLuca K, Foli Y, Kannan R, Sekine Y, Wang X, Wollan M, Kim IJ, Sanes JR, Strittmatter SM. Optic nerve regeneration screen identifies multiple genes restricting adult neural repair. Cell Reports 2021, 34: 108777. PMID: 33657370, PMCID: PMC8009559, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108777.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsCRISPR-Cas SystemsDependovirusFemaleGene EditingGene Expression RegulationGenetic Association StudiesHEK293 CellsHumansInterleukinsMaleMAP Kinase Kinase KinasesMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicNerve RegenerationNeurogenesisOptic NerveOptic Nerve InjuriesRetinal Ganglion CellsSignal TransductionSTAT3 Transcription FactorConceptsOptic nerve crushRetinal ganglion cellsRegeneration-associated genesShort hairpin RNAIL-22Neural repairCentral nervous system traumaNeurological deficits persistNervous system traumaNerve crushAxonal damageAxonal regenerationGanglion cellsSystem traumaInflammatory responseCNS regenerationDeficits persistAxonal growthHairpin RNAConcurrent activationTranscription 3Cell-autonomous factorsKinase pathwaySignal transducerRepair
2018
The nociceptin receptor inhibits axonal regeneration and recovery from spinal cord injury
Sekine Y, Siegel CS, Sekine-Konno T, Cafferty WBJ, Strittmatter SM. The nociceptin receptor inhibits axonal regeneration and recovery from spinal cord injury. Science Signaling 2018, 11 PMID: 29615517, PMCID: PMC6179440, DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao4180.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injuryAxonal regenerationMid-thoracic spinal cordTraumatic spinal cord injuryPartial neurological recoveryTraumatic CNS injuryDorsal hemisectionNeurological recoveryPeptide nociceptinCNS injuryAxon sproutingORL1 agonistSelective blockadeSpinal cordLocomotor functionNociceptin receptorAxon regenerationNeural repairPrimary neuronsNgR1 proteinAxonal growthNull miceMRNA expressionORL1
2012
PlexinA2 limits recovery from corticospinal axotomy by mediating oligodendrocyte-derived Sema6A growth inhibition
Shim SO, Cafferty WB, Schmidt EC, Kim BG, Fujisawa H, Strittmatter SM. PlexinA2 limits recovery from corticospinal axotomy by mediating oligodendrocyte-derived Sema6A growth inhibition. Molecular And Cellular Neuroscience 2012, 50: 193-200. PMID: 22564823, PMCID: PMC3383336, DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.04.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAxonal growthSpinal cordPellet retrieval taskCervical spinal cordWild-type miceContralateral gray matterAxon guidance cuesSevered fibersSprouted fibersAxonal sproutingCorticofugal projectionsFunctional recoveryBehavioral recoveryCNS injuryImpaired forelimbClass 3 semaphorinsCorticospinal fibersCorticospinal tractMedullary pyramidsSynaptic punctaInhibitor receptorsType miceUnilateral pyramidotomyNeuron inhibitionAdult traumaMyelin-derived ephrinB3 restricts axonal regeneration and recovery after adult CNS injury
Duffy P, Wang X, Siegel CS, Tu N, Henkemeyer M, Cafferty WB, Strittmatter SM. Myelin-derived ephrinB3 restricts axonal regeneration and recovery after adult CNS injury. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2012, 109: 5063-5068. PMID: 22411787, PMCID: PMC3323955, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113953109.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAxonal regenerationAxonal growthAdult mammalian central nervous systemAdult CNS injuryDorsal hemisection injurySpinal cord injuryMammalian central nervous systemWild-type miceCentral nervous systemCaudal spinal cordAxonal guidance cuesAxonal growth inhibitionLater time pointsGreater spasticityCNS traumaHemisection injuryCrush siteOptic nerveNeurological functionCNS injuryCord injuryTransection modelGrowth restrictionSpinal cordTraumatic injury
2010
MAG and OMgp Synergize with Nogo-A to Restrict Axonal Growth and Neurological Recovery after Spinal Cord Trauma
Cafferty WB, Duffy P, Huebner E, Strittmatter SM. MAG and OMgp Synergize with Nogo-A to Restrict Axonal Growth and Neurological Recovery after Spinal Cord Trauma. Journal Of Neuroscience 2010, 30: 6825-6837. PMID: 20484625, PMCID: PMC2883258, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6239-09.2010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsBiotinCells, CulturedDextransDisease Models, AnimalFemaleFunctional LateralityGanglia, SpinalGPI-Linked ProteinsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMutationMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsNogo ProteinsPyramidal TractsReceptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, SerotoninRecovery of FunctionSpinal Cord InjuriesConceptsAxonal growthSpinal Cord Injury StudyMutant miceGreater axonal growthGreater behavioral recoverySpinal cord traumaWild-type miceAxonal growth inhibitionHeterozygous mutant miceDeficient myelinNeurological recoveryCNS damageTriple-mutant miceBehavioral recoveryCord traumaFunctional recoveryNeurological functionMyelin inhibitorsAxonal regrowthReceptor mechanismsInjury studiesMyelin inhibitionDecoy receptorOptimal chanceMice
2009
Rho-Associated Kinase II (ROCKII) Limits Axonal Growth after Trauma within the Adult Mouse Spinal Cord
Duffy P, Schmandke A, Schmandke A, Sigworth J, Narumiya S, Cafferty WB, Strittmatter SM. Rho-Associated Kinase II (ROCKII) Limits Axonal Growth after Trauma within the Adult Mouse Spinal Cord. Journal Of Neuroscience 2009, 29: 15266-15276. PMID: 19955379, PMCID: PMC2855556, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4650-09.2009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmidesAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAxonsBehavior, AnimalBrain InjuriesCA1 Region, HippocampalCells, CulturedCholera ToxinEnzyme InhibitorsGanglia, SpinalGene Expression RegulationMedian NeuropathyMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMyelin ProteinsNerve RegenerationNeuronsNogo ProteinsPyridinesReceptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related PeptideRhizotomyRho-Associated KinasesSpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsVersicansConceptsSpinal cordCNS traumaFunctional recoveryBasso Mouse Scale scoresSpinal Cord Injury StudyAxonal growthDorsal root entry zoneDorsal root ganglion neuronsAdult mouse spinal cordAxonal growth inhibitorsSpinal cord hemisectionRoot entry zoneSpinal cord injuryCaudal spinal cordMouse spinal cordDorsal hemisectionRaphespinal axonsDorsal rhizotomyCrush injuryCord hemisectionCorticospinal axonsChondroitin sulfate proteoglycanCord injuryGanglion neuronsInjury paradigms
2008
Nogo-66 Receptor Antagonist Peptide (NEP1-40) Administration Promotes Functional Recovery and Axonal Growth After Lateral Funiculus Injury in the Adult Rat
Cao Y, Shumsky JS, Sabol MA, Kushner RA, Strittmatter S, Hamers FP, Lee DH, Rabacchi SA, Murray M. Nogo-66 Receptor Antagonist Peptide (NEP1-40) Administration Promotes Functional Recovery and Axonal Growth After Lateral Funiculus Injury in the Adult Rat. Neurorehabilitation And Neural Repair 2008, 22: 262-278. PMID: 18056009, PMCID: PMC2853251, DOI: 10.1177/1545968307308550.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBehavior, AnimalDenervationEfferent PathwaysFemaleGPI-Linked ProteinsGrowth ConesMyelin ProteinsNerve RegenerationNeuronal PlasticityNogo Receptor 1Peptide FragmentsPyramidal TractsRaphe NucleiRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Cell SurfaceRecovery of FunctionRed NucleusSpinal Cord InjuriesSpinal Nerve RootsTreatment OutcomeWallerian DegenerationConceptsNEP1-40 groupDorsal root axonsRST axonsRubrospinal axonsRubrospinal tractAxonal growthNEP1-40 treatmentPromotes Functional RecoveryCervical spinal cordDorsal hemisectionForelimb usageNEP1-40Corticospinal axonsFunctional recoveryIntrathecal deliveryLateral funiculusSpinal cordMotor functionOutcome measuresAdult ratsLesion siteOperated controlsWhite matterGait analysisAxonsAxonal growth therapeutics: regeneration or sprouting or plasticity?
Cafferty WB, McGee AW, Strittmatter SM. Axonal growth therapeutics: regeneration or sprouting or plasticity? Trends In Neurosciences 2008, 31: 215-220. PMID: 18395807, PMCID: PMC2678051, DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAxonal growthAstroglial scarHigh clinical significanceFunctional recoveryNeurological injuryInciting eventFunctional deficitsSpinal cordClinical significanceAdult brainLoss of functionCell lossInhibitory factorAxonal connectivityAxonal anatomyAxonal extensionMolecular interventionsMyelinScarCordInjuryBrainFunctional MRI and other non-invasive imaging technologies: Providing visual biomarkers for spinal cord structure and function after injury
Harel NY, Strittmatter SM. Functional MRI and other non-invasive imaging technologies: Providing visual biomarkers for spinal cord structure and function after injury. Experimental Neurology 2008, 211: 324-328. PMID: 18396280, PMCID: PMC2442770, DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.02.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAxonal growthSpinal cord traumaSpinal cord injurySpinal cord structuresFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMagnetic resonance imagingNon-invasive imaging techniqueCord traumaCord injuryNon-invasive imaging technologyNeurological damageCNS repairFunctional reorganizationTherapeutic interventionsResonance imagingFunctional MRICord structuresInjuryInterventionImaging techniquesVisual biomarkersPotential benefitsCNS structureMolecular basisTraumaThe N-Terminal Domain of Nogo-A Inhibits Cell Adhesion and Axonal Outgrowth by an Integrin-Specific Mechanism
Hu F, Strittmatter SM. The N-Terminal Domain of Nogo-A Inhibits Cell Adhesion and Axonal Outgrowth by an Integrin-Specific Mechanism. Journal Of Neuroscience 2008, 28: 1262-1269. PMID: 18234903, PMCID: PMC2856844, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1068-07.2008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell adhesionFocal adhesion kinase activationN-terminal domainAxonal outgrowthInhibits cell adhesionAxonal growth conesCNS axon regenerationKinase activationCertain integrinsIntegrin activatorIntegrin beta1Widespread expressionExtracellular matrixSecond domainAlpha5 integrinUnknown mechanismIntegrinsGrowth conesNogo-A proteinCell linesAlpha6 integrinNogo-66 receptorAxonal growthAdult brainOutgrowth
2007
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Is a Potent Negative Regulator of Axonal Growth in Mammals
Cameron JS, Alexopoulou L, Sloane JA, DiBernardo AB, Ma Y, Kosaras B, Flavell R, Strittmatter SM, Volpe J, Sidman R, Vartanian T. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Is a Potent Negative Regulator of Axonal Growth in Mammals. Journal Of Neuroscience 2007, 27: 13033-13041. PMID: 18032677, PMCID: PMC4313565, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4290-06.2007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsToll-like receptor 3Functional toll-like receptor 3Poly IActivation of TLR3Nervous systemInnate immunityReceptor 3Pattern recognition receptor functionAxonal growthDorsal root gangliaFunction of TLRsToll-like receptorsPeripheral nervous systemMammalian Toll-like receptorsPattern recognition receptorsViral double-stranded RNAClasses of receptorsNuclear factor kappaB.Sensorimotor deficitsRoot gangliaNeonatal miceNeurodegenerative effectsGrowth cone collapseCNS regenerationRecognition receptors
2006
Characterization of Myelin Ligand Complexes with Neuronal Nogo-66 Receptor Family Members*
Lauré;n J, Hu F, Chin J, Liao J, Airaksinen MS, Strittmatter SM. Characterization of Myelin Ligand Complexes with Neuronal Nogo-66 Receptor Family Members*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2006, 282: 5715-5725. PMID: 17189258, PMCID: PMC2852886, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609797200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SubstitutionAnimalsAxonsCentral Nervous SystemChlorocebus aethiopsCOS CellsGPI-Linked ProteinsHumansLectinsLigandsModels, MolecularMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinNeoplasm ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsNogo Receptor 1Protein BindingProtein Structure, TertiaryReceptors, Cell SurfaceRegenerationThe Nogo–Nogo Receptor Pathway Limits a Spectrum of Adult CNS Axonal Growth
Cafferty WB, Strittmatter SM. The Nogo–Nogo Receptor Pathway Limits a Spectrum of Adult CNS Axonal Growth. Journal Of Neuroscience 2006, 26: 12242-12250. PMID: 17122049, PMCID: PMC2848954, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3827-06.2006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAxonsBehavior, AnimalCalcitonin Gene-Related PeptideCentral Nervous SystemFunctional LateralityGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMyelin Basic ProteinMyelin ProteinsNogo ProteinsProtein Kinase CPsychomotor PerformancePyramidal TractsReceptors, PeptideSignal TransductionConceptsAxonal growthCST regenerationSpinal cord dorsal hemisectionCervical gray matterRole of NogoCorticospinal tract axonsNogo-66 receptorVivo pharmacological studiesFine motor skillsDorsal hemisectionAffected forelimbCST axonsLesion modelUnilateral pyramidotomyGray matterPharmacological studiesReceptor pathwayNogoConflicting resultsMiceMotor skillsAxonsDifferent tractsGenetic assessmentPyramidotomyDelayed Nogo receptor therapy improves recovery from spinal cord contusion
Wang X, Baughman KW, Basso DM, Strittmatter SM. Delayed Nogo receptor therapy improves recovery from spinal cord contusion. Annals Of Neurology 2006, 60: 540-549. PMID: 16958113, PMCID: PMC2855693, DOI: 10.1002/ana.20953.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsDisease Models, AnimalDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleInjections, IntraventricularLocomotionMyelin SheathPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsPyramidal TractsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRecovery of FunctionRolipramSpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsSpinal cord contusionCord contusionSpinal cordAxonal growthHuman spinal cord injuryAdult central nervous systemBresnahan locomotor scoresFc treatment groupVehicle-treated groupTime of injuryCyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitorSpinal cord injuryRecovery of locomotionAddition of rolipramRostral spinal cordCentral nervous systemCaudal spinal cordBeneficial behavioral effectsDelayed therapyNeurological recoveryRaphespinal axonsAcute therapyCorticospinal axonsLocomotor scoresIntracerebroventricular routeExtracellular regulators of axonal growth in the adult central nervous system
Liu BP, Cafferty WB, Budel SO, Strittmatter SM. Extracellular regulators of axonal growth in the adult central nervous system. Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences 2006, 361: 1593-1610. PMID: 16939977, PMCID: PMC1664666, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2006.1891.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAxonal growth inhibitorsAxonal sproutingCNS injuryAdult CNSAxonal growthAdult central nervous systemAdult CNS injuryCentral nervous system functionRecovery of functionRobust axonal growthAstroglial scar formationAdult CNS axonsCentral nervous systemOligodendrocyte myelin glycoproteinNervous system functionNeurological functionPathological damageAxonal stabilityNervous systemScar formationAxonal receptorsNeuronal connectivityCNS axonsEphrin-B3Such interventions
2005
Effect of combined treatment with methylprednisolone and soluble Nogo‐66 receptor after rat spinal cord injury
Ji B, Li M, Budel S, Pepinsky RB, Walus L, Engber TM, Strittmatter SM, Relton JK. Effect of combined treatment with methylprednisolone and soluble Nogo‐66 receptor after rat spinal cord injury. European Journal Of Neuroscience 2005, 22: 587-594. PMID: 16101740, PMCID: PMC2846292, DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04241.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAxonsBehavior, AnimalBiotinCells, CulturedChick EmbryoDextransDisease Models, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug InteractionsDrug Therapy, CombinationExploratory BehaviorFemaleGanglia, SpinalGPI-Linked ProteinsImmunoglobulin GLaminectomyMethylprednisoloneMyelin ProteinsMyelin SheathNerve RegenerationNeuronsNogo Receptor 1Pyramidal TractsRatsRats, Long-EvansReceptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, PeptideRecombinant ProteinsRecovery of FunctionSpinal Cord InjuriesConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injuryRat spinal cord injuryMP treatmentAdult central nervous systemThoracic dorsal hemisectionNovel experimental therapiesCorticospinal tract axonsRecovery of functionNogo-66 receptorNumber of axonsCentral nervous systemGrowth inhibitory effectsDorsal hemisectionBBB scoresAxonal sproutingFunctional recoveryBresnahan (BBB) scoringAxonal regenerationMotor neuronsExperimental therapiesMethylprednisoloneSynthetic glucocorticoidNervous systemAxonal growthTransgenic inhibition of Nogo-66 receptor function allows axonal sprouting and improved locomotion after spinal injury
Li S, Kim JE, Budel S, Hampton TG, Strittmatter SM. Transgenic inhibition of Nogo-66 receptor function allows axonal sprouting and improved locomotion after spinal injury. Molecular And Cellular Neuroscience 2005, 29: 26-39. PMID: 15866044, PMCID: PMC3246391, DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.12.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryAxonal sproutingSpinal injuryLumbar spinal cordNogo-66 receptorRecovery of locomotionHemisection injuryCord injurySpinal cordAdult CNSMice exhibitTherapeutic meansAxonal growthReceptor functionNgR ligandsInjuryNogo-66Improved locomotionTransgenic inhibitionMiceSproutingAstrocytesCordCNSOMgp
2004
Regulating axon growth within the postnatal central nervous system
Hu F, Strittmatter SM. Regulating axon growth within the postnatal central nervous system. Seminars In Perinatology 2004, 28: 371-378. PMID: 15693393, DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2004.10.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsCentral Nervous SystemGPI-Linked ProteinsGrowth InhibitorsHumansHypoxiaIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMembrane ProteinsMiceMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinNerve RegenerationNerve Tissue ProteinsNogo ProteinsNogo Receptor 1Receptor, Nerve Growth FactorReceptors, Cell SurfaceConceptsCentral nervous systemAxonal growthNervous systemNeuronal developmentAdult central nervous systemMature central nervous systemAxon growth inhibitorsPostnatal central nervous systemPotential therapeutic interventionsNew neuronal connectionsMyelin-derived proteinsAxonal sproutingDirect blockadeNgR proteinPostnatal brainNeuronal connectionsTherapeutic interventionsAxon growthDevelopmental hypoxiaReduced expressionMyelin proteinsHypoxic conditionsInhibitor pathwayImportant investigationCritical roleBlockade of Nogo-66, Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein, and Oligodendrocyte Myelin Glycoprotein by Soluble Nogo-66 Receptor Promotes Axonal Sprouting and Recovery after Spinal Injury
Li S, Liu BP, Budel S, Li M, Ji B, Walus L, Li W, Jirik A, Rabacchi S, Choi E, Worley D, Sah DW, Pepinsky B, Lee D, Relton J, Strittmatter SM. Blockade of Nogo-66, Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein, and Oligodendrocyte Myelin Glycoprotein by Soluble Nogo-66 Receptor Promotes Axonal Sprouting and Recovery after Spinal Injury. Journal Of Neuroscience 2004, 24: 10511-10520. PMID: 15548666, PMCID: PMC6730300, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2828-04.2004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsEvoked Potentials, MotorFemaleGPI-Linked ProteinsInjections, SpinalMotor ActivityMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinNogo ProteinsNogo Receptor 1OligodendrogliaPeptide FragmentsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, PeptideRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSerotoninSolubilitySpinal CordSpinal Cord InjuriesConceptsAxonal sproutingTraumatic spinal cord injurySpinal-injured ratsSpinal cord injuryAdult mammalian CNSNogo-66 receptorOligodendrocyte myelin glycoproteinMyelin associated glycoproteinRaphespinal fibersLocomotor recoveryCord injurySpinal injuryMammalian CNSNgR functionTherapeutic potentialAxonal growthNogo-66Myelin glycoproteinInjuryMyelin proteinsImproved locomotionViral blockadeBlockadeFc proteinSproutingNogo-66 Receptor Prevents Raphespinal and Rubrospinal Axon Regeneration and Limits Functional Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury
Kim JE, Liu BP, Park JH, Strittmatter SM. Nogo-66 Receptor Prevents Raphespinal and Rubrospinal Axon Regeneration and Limits Functional Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury. Neuron 2004, 44: 439-451. PMID: 15504325, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords5,7-DihydroxytryptamineAnimalsAxonsBehavior, AnimalBlotting, NorthernBlotting, SouthernBrainCell CountCells, CulturedCloning, MolecularCornified Envelope Proline-Rich ProteinsDesipramineDisease Models, AnimalEvoked Potentials, MotorFemaleGanglia, SpinalGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinGlucoseGPI-Linked ProteinsGrowth ConesImmunohistochemistryMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMotor ActivityMyelin ProteinsMyelin SheathMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinNerve RegenerationNeuronsNogo ProteinsNogo Receptor 1Phospholipid EthersProteinsPyramidal TractsReceptors, Cell SurfaceRecovery of FunctionSerotoninSerotonin AgentsSpinal CordSpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsConceptsAdult CNSNogo-66Spinal cord injuryAdult mammalian CNSNogo-66 receptorDorsal hemisectionDRG neuronsFunctional recoveryRubrospinal fibersCord injuryMyelin inhibitorsComplete transectionCorticospinal fibersMotor functionSpinal cordMotor impairmentAxon regenerationMammalian CNSAxonal growthAxonal outgrowthCNS myelinMiceInhibitory proteinInjuryGrowth cones