1994
Anoxic injury of rat optic nerve: ultrastructural evidence for coupling between Na+ influx and Ca2+-mediated injury in myelinated CNS axons
Waxman S, Black J, Ransom B, Stys P. Anoxic injury of rat optic nerve: ultrastructural evidence for coupling between Na+ influx and Ca2+-mediated injury in myelinated CNS axons. Brain Research 1994, 644: 197-204. PMID: 8050031, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91680-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptic nerveOptic nerve axonsRat optic nerveNerve axonsBrain slice chamberCompound action potentialLoss of cristaeMicroM tetrodotoxinAnoxic injuryNormoxic controlsNerveAstrocyte processesPerinodal astrocyte processesWhite matterMyelinated axonsAstrocytic processesCNS axonsTetrodotoxinAction potentialsSlice chamberAxonsLoss of microtubulesCytoskeletal damageInjuryNormoxic conditionsIntracellular calcium mobilization and neurite outgrowth in mammalian neurons
Kocsis J, Rand M, Lankford K, Waxman S. Intracellular calcium mobilization and neurite outgrowth in mammalian neurons. Developmental Neurobiology 1994, 25: 252-264. PMID: 8195789, DOI: 10.1002/neu.480250306.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAnimalsCaffeineCalciumCalcium ChannelsCell CompartmentationCell DifferentiationCells, CulturedFemaleGanglia, SpinalGene Expression RegulationImage Processing, Computer-AssistedIntracellular FluidIon Channel GatingLasersMicroscopy, FluorescenceModels, BiologicalNeuritesNeuronsRatsRats, WistarTerpenesThapsigarginConceptsDepolarization-induced Ca2Calcium-induced calcium releaseDRG neuronsIntracellular Ca2Cultured adult rat dorsal root ganglion neuronsAdult rat dorsal root ganglion neuronsRat dorsal root ganglion neuronsNeurite outgrowthDorsal root ganglion neuronsIntact intracellular Ca2Intracellular calcium mobilizationIndicator dye fluo-3Nuclear Ca2Dye Fluo-3Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2Ganglion neuronsCalcium mobilizationDependent kinase IICalcium releaseFluo-3NeuronsMammalian neuronsReticulum Ca2Elevated Ca2Elicit neurite outgrowthChapter 14 Nuclear calcium elevation may initiate neurite outgrowth in mammalian neurons
Kocsis J, Rand M, Lankford K, Waxman S. Chapter 14 Nuclear calcium elevation may initiate neurite outgrowth in mammalian neurons. Progress In Brain Research 1994, 103: 137-151. PMID: 7886202, DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61134-6.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
Protection of the axonal cytoskeleton in anoxic optic nerve by decreased extracellular calcium
Waxman S, Black J, Ransom B, Stys P. Protection of the axonal cytoskeleton in anoxic optic nerve by decreased extracellular calcium. Brain Research 1993, 614: 137-145. PMID: 8348309, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91027-p.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsArtificial cerebrospinal fluidMin of anoxiaOptic nerveZero-Ca2White matterAnoxic injuryCNS white matter tractAxonal cytoskeletonOptic nerve axonsCNS white matterRat optic nerveInflux of Ca2White matter tractsLoss of cristaeDisorganization of cristaeMembranous profilesUltrastructure of axonsAbnormal influxCerebrospinal fluidExtracellular calciumNerveMyelinated axonsNerve axonsNormal Ca2Axons
1992
Ionic mechanisms of anoxic injury in mammalian CNS white matter: role of Na+ channels and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger
Stys P, Waxman S, Ransom B. Ionic mechanisms of anoxic injury in mammalian CNS white matter: role of Na+ channels and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger. Journal Of Neuroscience 1992, 12: 430-439. PMID: 1311030, PMCID: PMC6575619, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.12-02-00430.1992.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRat optic nerveCompound action potentialAnoxic injuryOptic nerveWhite matterAction potentialsCentral white matter tractsWhite matter injuryCNS white matterMembrane depolarizationAnoxia/ischemiaWhite matter tractsCNS protectionAnoxic insultMyelinated tractsChannel blockersExchanger blockerIrreversible injuryExtracellular Ca2Mammalian CNSNerveInjuryMore injuriesBlockersFunctional integrity
1991
Reverse Operation of the Na+ ‐Ca2+ Exchanger Mediates Ca 2+ Influx during Anoxia in Mammalian CNS White Mattera
STYS P, WAXMAN S, RANSOM B. Reverse Operation of the Na+ ‐Ca2+ Exchanger Mediates Ca 2+ Influx during Anoxia in Mammalian CNS White Mattera. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 1991, 639: 328-332. PMID: 1785859, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb17321.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-synaptic mechanisms of Ca2+-mediated injury in CNS white matter
Waxman S, Ransom B, Stys P. Non-synaptic mechanisms of Ca2+-mediated injury in CNS white matter. Trends In Neurosciences 1991, 14: 461-468. PMID: 1722366, DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90046-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNa+‐Ca2+ exchanger mediates Ca2+ influx during anoxia in mammalian central nervous system white matter
Stys P, Waxman S, Ransom B. Na+‐Ca2+ exchanger mediates Ca2+ influx during anoxia in mammalian central nervous system white matter. Annals Of Neurology 1991, 30: 375-380. PMID: 1952825, DOI: 10.1002/ana.410300309.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhite matterIsolated rat optic nerveCentral nervous system white matterNervous system white matterWhite matter injuryRat optic nerveMammalian central nervous systemSevere neurological impairmentCompound action potentialType of injuryCentral nervous systemFunctional recoveryOptic nervePharmacological blockadeNeurological impairmentAnoxic injuryIrreversible injuryNervous systemAction potentialsInjuryInfluxCa2Critical mechanismCellsNerve
1990
Effects of polyvalent cations and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers on recovery of CNS white matter from anoxia
Stys P, Ransom B, Waxman S. Effects of polyvalent cations and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers on recovery of CNS white matter from anoxia. Neuroscience Letters 1990, 115: 293-299. PMID: 2234507, DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90471-k.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnoxic injuryChannel blockersWhite matterMammalian central white matterDihydropyridine calcium channel blockerChannel blockers Mn2Irreversible anoxic injuryCalcium channel blockersCNS white matterCompound action potentialCentral white matterDihydropyridine classOrganic Ca2Inorganic Ca2Extracellular Ca2Action potentialsNerve modelMin periodBlockersInjuryFunctional integrityConventional Ca2Ca2InfluxIntracellular compartments
1983
The supernormal period of the cerebellar parallel fibers effects of [Ca2+]o and [K+]o
Malenka R, Kocsis J, Waxman S. The supernormal period of the cerebellar parallel fibers effects of [Ca2+]o and [K+]o. Pflügers Archiv - European Journal Of Physiology 1983, 397: 176-183. PMID: 6878005, DOI: 10.1007/bf00584354.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSupernormal periodConditioning stimulationActivity-dependent changesParallel fibersCerebellar parallel fibersConditioning volleyIon-sensitive microelectrodesConditioning stimulusExtracellular calciumLatency changesLatency shiftCortex exhibitExtracellular ionic concentrationsTest response latenciesTest latencyStimulationResponse latencyRelative increaseSmall increaseLatencyPeriodSuperfusateExcitability
1982
Rat optic nerve: Electrophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical studies during development
Foster R, Connors B, Waxman S. Rat optic nerve: Electrophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical studies during development. Brain Research 1982, 3: 371-386. PMID: 7066695, DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(82)90005-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCompound action potentialAction potentialsConduction velocityOptic nerveOptic nerve axonsShort latency peaksRat optic nerveAxonal membrane propertiesShort-latency componentsSixth postnatal dayOnset of myelinationWeeks of ageRelative refractory periodDays of ageGlial cellsPostnatal dayRefractory periodNerve axonsAxonal diameterLatency componentsCalcium conductanceAxonal sizeMyelinationNerve growthLatency peaks
1981
Modulation of Parallel Fiber Excitability by Postsynaptically Mediated Changes in Extracellular Potassium
Malenka R, Kocsis J, Ransom B, Waxman S. Modulation of Parallel Fiber Excitability by Postsynaptically Mediated Changes in Extracellular Potassium. Science 1981, 214: 339-341. PMID: 7280695, DOI: 10.1126/science.7280695.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSynaptic field potentialsField potentialsParallel fiber stimulationExtracellular potassium concentrationRat cerebellar cortexParallel fibersAfferent fibersPostsynaptic elementsFiber excitabilityCerebellar cortexExtracellular potassiumFiber stimulationExcitabilityMarked increasePotassium concentrationStimulationMolecular layer