2023
Increased astrocytic GLT-1 expression in tripartite synapses is associated with SCI-induced hyperreflexia
Benson C, King J, Kauer S, Waxman S, Tan A. Increased astrocytic GLT-1 expression in tripartite synapses is associated with SCI-induced hyperreflexia. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2023, 130: 1358-1366. PMID: 37877184, PMCID: PMC10972632, DOI: 10.1152/jn.00234.2023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryRate-dependent depressionTripartite synapsesGLT-1Astrocytic GLT-1 expressionChronic neurological complicationsGLT-1 expressionAstrocyte involvementChronic spasticityUninjured shamsNeurological complicationsNeuropathic painHyperexcitability disordersH-reflexPSD-95 proteinReactive astrocytesVentral hornCord injuryMuscle toneAstrocytes' roleSpinal cordSpinal circuitsSynaptic transmissionHyperreflexiaSpasticity
2000
Development of Glutamatergic Synaptic Activity in Cultured Spinal Neurons
Robert A, Howe J, Waxman S. Development of Glutamatergic Synaptic Activity in Cultured Spinal Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2000, 83: 659-670. PMID: 10669482, DOI: 10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.659.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAnimalsCells, CulturedExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsFetusGlutamic AcidMagnesiumMembrane PotentialsNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesQuinoxalinesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, AMPAReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateSpinal CordSynapsesTetrodotoxinConceptsSpontaneous synaptic activityCultured spinal neuronsSynaptic activitySpinal neuronsGlutamatergic synapsesSynaptic currentsGlutamatergic synaptic activityIsoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptorsSpontaneous synaptic currentsOlder neuronsSynaptic NMDARsExogenous glutamateNMDARAcid receptorsSynaptic regionNeuronsReceptor openingSignificant increaseTime courseSynapsesSequence of eventsActivityWeeksCourseReceptors
1998
Endogenous NMDA-Receptor Activation Regulates Glutamate Release in Cultured Spinal Neurons
Robert A, Black J, Waxman S. Endogenous NMDA-Receptor Activation Regulates Glutamate Release in Cultured Spinal Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 1998, 80: 196-208. PMID: 9658041, DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.196.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBicucullineCells, CulturedExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsGlutamic AcidNeuronsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, AMPAReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateSpinal CordSynapsesTetrodotoxinTime FactorsConceptsAMPA excitatory postsynaptic currentsExcitatory postsynaptic currentsNMDA receptor activationCultured spinal neuronsNMDA receptorsSpinal neuronsPresynaptic terminalsNMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmissionSpontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currentsAspartate receptor activationNMDA receptor activityRelease of neurotransmittersNonsynaptic receptorsTTX applicationGlutamate releaseImmature neuronsGlutamatergic neurotransmissionPostsynaptic currentsSpinal cordReceptor activationReceptor activityQuantal sizeQuantal analysisCNS developmentElectrical activity
1991
Non-synaptic mechanisms of Ca2+-mediated injury in CNS white matter
Waxman S, Ransom B, Stys P. Non-synaptic mechanisms of Ca2+-mediated injury in CNS white matter. Trends In Neurosciences 1991, 14: 461-468. PMID: 1722366, DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90046-w.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1990
Depolarization-dependent actions of dihydropyridines on synaptic transmission in the in vitro rat hippocampus
O'Regan M, Kocsis J, Waxman S. Depolarization-dependent actions of dihydropyridines on synaptic transmission in the in vitro rat hippocampus. Brain Research 1990, 527: 181-191. PMID: 1701335, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91136-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl esterAnimalsCaffeineDihydropyridinesEvoked PotentialsFemaleHippocampusIn Vitro TechniquesLightMembrane PotentialsNeuronsNifedipineNimodipinePerfusionPotassiumPyramidal TractsRatsRats, Inbred StrainsSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionConceptsBay K 8644Synaptic transmissionDepressant actionIntracellular recordingsModerate membrane depolarizationMembrane depolarizationHippocampal brain slicesNormal Krebs solutionField potential responsesDepolarization-dependent increaseField potential analysisCA1 neuronsPresynaptic locusHippocampal slicesKrebs solutionPostsynaptic componentsPostsynaptic responsesPyramidal cellsNeuronal excitabilityRat hippocampusBrain slicesDirect depolarizationSpike thresholdDHP effectField potentials
1987
Changes in synaptic morphology associated with presynaptic and postsynaptic activity: An in vitro study of the electrosensory organ of the thornback ray
Fields R, Ellisman M, Waxman S. Changes in synaptic morphology associated with presynaptic and postsynaptic activity: An in vitro study of the electrosensory organ of the thornback ray. Synapse 1987, 1: 335-346. PMID: 2901790, DOI: 10.1002/syn.890010407.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPostsynaptic membraneNeurotransmitter glutamateSynaptic morphologyUltrastructure of synapsesPresynaptic membraneRibbon synapsesDirect depolarizationSynaptic activityPostsynaptic activitySpontaneous activitySynaptic fatigueSynaptic efficacyMorphological changesSynaptic structureSynapsesCytoskeletal alterations
1985
Neurogenesis in Adult Vertebrate Spinal Cord in Situ and in Vitro: A New Model Systema
ANDERSON M, WAXMAN S. Neurogenesis in Adult Vertebrate Spinal Cord in Situ and in Vitro: A New Model Systema. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 1985, 457: 213-233. PMID: 3913365, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb20807.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cordEpendymal cellsNeuron-specific monoclonal antibodiesSpinal cord tissueSternarchus albifronsStudy of neurogenesisFunctional recoveryNew neuronsCord tissuePositive stainingRecent studiesCultured neuronsCordInjuryNeurogenesisMonoclonal antibodiesNeuronal differentiationNormal morphologic structureCNSExplant culturesNeuronsVertebrate spinal cordSternarchusNew spinal cordNeuronal identity
1984
Cell death of asynaptic neurons in regenerating spinal cord
Anderson M, Waxman S, Tadlock C. Cell death of asynaptic neurons in regenerating spinal cord. Developmental Biology 1984, 103: 443-455. PMID: 6724138, DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90332-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cordElectromotor neuronsRegenerated cordNormal numbersNumber of perikaryaCell deathCaudal endRostro-caudal axisSpinal neuronsCordCell bodiesNeuronsSynaptic competitionAxonsNumerous cellsDeathPerikaryaAmputationMore yearsEvidence of migrationSternarchus albifronsExcess numberElectric organEpendymaTransverse sections
1983
Regeneration of spinal neurons in inframammalian vertebrates: morphological and developmental aspects.
Anderson M, Waxman S. Regeneration of spinal neurons in inframammalian vertebrates: morphological and developmental aspects. Journal Für Hirnforschung 1983, 24: 371-98. PMID: 6643991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cordNerve cell bodiesSpinal neuronsCell bodiesNerve fibersAxon reactionElectromotor neuronsInframammalian vertebratesSpinal electromotor neuronsPeripheral nerve bridgesMammalian spinal cordCell deathNerve bridgeNew neuronsEpendymal cellsTrophic effectsCordNerve growthNeuronsNerve outgrowthCertain hormonesGrowth factorSternarchusExternal laminaAxon outgrowth
1981
Modulation of Parallel Fiber Excitability by Postsynaptically Mediated Changes in Extracellular Potassium
Malenka R, Kocsis J, Ransom B, Waxman S. Modulation of Parallel Fiber Excitability by Postsynaptically Mediated Changes in Extracellular Potassium. Science 1981, 214: 339-341. PMID: 7280695, DOI: 10.1126/science.7280695.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSynaptic field potentialsField potentialsParallel fiber stimulationExtracellular potassium concentrationRat cerebellar cortexParallel fibersAfferent fibersPostsynaptic elementsFiber excitabilityCerebellar cortexExtracellular potassiumFiber stimulationExcitabilityMarked increasePotassium concentrationStimulationMolecular layerEnhanced parallel fiber frequency-following after reduction of postsynaptic activity
Kocsis J, Malenka R, Waxman S. Enhanced parallel fiber frequency-following after reduction of postsynaptic activity. Brain Research 1981, 207: 321-331. PMID: 6258738, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90367-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCalcium antagonistsSynaptic activityPostsynaptic activityParallel fibersRat cerebellar cortexParallel fiber volleyFiber volleyNeuronal elementsPresynaptic elementsSynaptic potentialsCerebellar cortexLocal superfusionStimulation trainsSlow potentialsEnhancing effectAntagonistExtracellular pathwaysSuperfusionVolleysActivityCortexCerebellum
1980
Coordinated micropinocytotic activity of adjacent neuronal membranes in mammalian central nervous system
Waxman S, Waxman M, Pappas G. Coordinated micropinocytotic activity of adjacent neuronal membranes in mammalian central nervous system. Neuroscience Letters 1980, 20: 141-146. PMID: 7443064, DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(80)90136-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExocytosis/endocytosisMembrane infoldingsMammalian central nervous systemCoated invaginationsNon-synaptic sitesNeuronal membranesCell membraneCentral nervous systemCoordinated activityNervous systemMembraneInvaginationMicropinocytotic activityInfoldingsElectrotonic synapsesEndocytosisSpeciesCytoplasmTissueNumber of sitesSitesSynapsesWide varietyActivityNeighboring dendrites
1979
Ultrastructure of synapses and cellular relationships in the oculomotor nucleus of the rhesus monkey
Waxman S, Pappas G. Ultrastructure of synapses and cellular relationships in the oculomotor nucleus of the rhesus monkey. Cell And Tissue Research 1979, 204: 161-169. PMID: 119578, DOI: 10.1007/bf00234630.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOculomotor nucleusAxodendritic synapsesEfferent portionPostsynaptic membraneRhesus monkeysDendritic spine synapsesUltrastructure of synapsesAdult rhesus monkeysPresynaptic inhibitionSpine synapsesSerial synapsesGlial elementsMorphological substrateSubjunctional bodiesElectrotonic transmissionSynaptic cleftSynapsesCellular relationsCellular relationshipsMonkeysPreGliaPresent resultsNeuronsElectron microscopy of synapses in reptile spinal cord
Waxman S. Electron microscopy of synapses in reptile spinal cord. Neuroscience Letters 1979, 13: 237-242. PMID: 530475, DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(79)91500-3.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1975
Morphology of spinal electromotor neurons and presynaptic coupling in the gymnotidSternarchus albifrons
Pappas G, Waxman S, Bennett M. Morphology of spinal electromotor neurons and presynaptic coupling in the gymnotidSternarchus albifrons. Brain Cell Biology 1975, 4: 469-478. PMID: 1151441, DOI: 10.1007/bf01261376.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal electromotor neuronsElectromotor neuronsCell bodiesGap junctionsAxosomatic synapsesSpinal cordPresynaptic fibersGlial lamellaeAdjacent neuronsElectrotonic couplingSingle axonsMyelin segmentsNeuronsMedial regionMorphological correlatesMorphological dataElectric organ dischargeAbsence of dendritesAxonsSynapsesAdjacent cellsAlbifronsDendritesLarge majorityCordIntegrative Properties and Design Principles of Axons
Waxman S. Integrative Properties and Design Principles of Axons. International Review Of Neurobiology 1975, 18: 1-40. PMID: 1107245, DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60032-x.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1972
Regional differentiation of the axon: A review with special reference to the concept of the multiplex neuron
Waxman S. Regional differentiation of the axon: A review with special reference to the concept of the multiplex neuron. Brain Research 1972, 47: 269-288. PMID: 4345196, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90639-7.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1971
An electron microscopic study of synaptic morphology in the oculomotor nuclei of three inframammalian species
Waxman S, Pappas G. An electron microscopic study of synaptic morphology in the oculomotor nuclei of three inframammalian species. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1971, 143: 41-71. PMID: 4329004, DOI: 10.1002/cne.901430105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOculomotor nucleusOculomotor neuronsLarge neuronsElectrotonic couplingSubjunctional dense bodiesDistribution of synapsesMajority of synapsesSmall-diameter dendritesClose appositionContralateral oculomotor nucleusPrevious electrophysiological studiesDense-core vesiclesMultipolar interneuronsNodes of RanvierAxodendritic synapsesAxosomatic synapsesProximal dendritesClose membrane appositionSynaptic contactsPresynaptic fibersSynaptic profilesGlial elementsSmall interneuronsNeuronal typesGlial lamellae
1969
Pinocytosis at postsynaptic membranes: electron microscopic evidence
Waxman S, Pappas G. Pinocytosis at postsynaptic membranes: electron microscopic evidence. Brain Research 1969, 14: 240-244. PMID: 5783114, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(69)90048-1.Peer-Reviewed Original Research