Noah Wolcott Palm, PhD
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Immunobiology
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Biography
Noah W. Palm is a Professor of Immunobiology at the Yale University School of Medicine. His laboratory focuses on illuminating the myriad interactions between the immune system and the gut microbiota in health and disease. Dr. Palm performed his doctoral work with Ruslan Medzhitov and his postdoctoral work with Richard Flavell, both at Yale University.
Last Updated on July 03, 2024.
Appointments
Immunobiology
ProfessorPrimary
Other Departments & Organizations
- Cancer Immunology
- Human and Translational Immunology Program
- Immunobiology
- Immunology
- Liver Center
- Microbiology
- Program for Neuroinflammation
- Yale Cancer Center
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology (CSEI)
- Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS)
- Yale Fibrosis Program
Education & Training
- Postdoctoral Fellowship
- Yale University School of Medicine (2015)
- PhD
- Yale University, Immunobiology (2011)
- BA
- Macalester College, Biology (2004)
Research
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Overview
Medical Research Interests
Adaptive Immunity; Allergy and Immunology; Brain-Gut Axis; Gastrointestinal Tract; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Microbiota; Neuroimmunomodulation
ORCID
0000-0001-7262-9455- View Lab Website
Palm Lab
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Frequent collaborators of Noah Wolcott Palm's published research.
Publications Timeline
A big-picture view of Noah Wolcott Palm's research output by year.
Research Interests
Research topics Noah Wolcott Palm is interested in exploring.
Jason Crawford, PhD
Mytien Nguyen
Tyler Rice, PhD
Andrew Goodman, PhD
Anjelica Martin, BS, RLATG
Andrew Wang, MD, PhD, AB
23Publications
2,568Citations
Inflammation
Microbiota
Publications
Featured Publications
Highly multiplexed bioactivity screening reveals human and microbiota metabolome-GPCRome interactions
Chen H, Rosen C, González-Hernández J, Song D, Potempa J, Ring A, Palm N. Highly multiplexed bioactivity screening reveals human and microbiota metabolome-GPCRome interactions. Cell 2023, 186: 3095-3110.e19. PMID: 37321219, PMCID: PMC10330796, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsCommensal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce genotoxic metabolites
Cao Y, Oh J, Xue M, Huh WJ, Wang J, Gonzalez-Hernandez JA, Rice TA, Martin AL, Song D, Crawford JM, Herzon SB, Palm NW. Commensal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce genotoxic metabolites. Science 2022, 378: eabm3233. PMID: 36302024, PMCID: PMC9993714, DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3233.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsColorectal cancerInflammatory bowel disease patientsBowel disease patientsInflammatory bowel diseaseIndigenous gut microbesBowel diseaseDisease patientsCommensal microbiotaDNA damageColon tumorigenesisElicit DNA damageGut microbesGenotoxic metabolitesGut commensalsMorganella morganiiPatientsGenotoxic chemicalsDiseaseMicrobiotaMetabolitesGenotoxicityCancerMiceFull spectrumDamageWithin-host evolution of a gut pathobiont facilitates liver translocation
Yang Y, Nguyen M, Khetrapal V, Sonnert ND, Martin AL, Chen H, Kriegel MA, Palm NW. Within-host evolution of a gut pathobiont facilitates liver translocation. Nature 2022, 607: 563-570. PMID: 35831502, PMCID: PMC9308686, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04949-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsHost evolutionGene expression programsCell wall structureNon-synonymous mutationsComparative genomicsIndependent lineagesExperimental evolutionExpression programsDivergent evolutionRegulatory genesBacterial behaviorCritical regulatorBacterial translocationGut commensalsTranslocationE. gallinarumMesenteric lymph nodesInitiation of inflammationImmune evasionWall structureEvade DetectionMucosal nicheLactobacillus reuteriCommensalGut microbiotaInterspecies commensal interactions have nonlinear impacts on host immunity
Rice TA, Bielecka AA, Nguyen MT, Rosen CE, Song D, Sonnert ND, Yang Y, Cao Y, Khetrapal V, Catanzaro JR, Martin AL, Rashed SA, Leopold SR, Hao L, Yu X, van Dijk D, Ring AM, Flavell RA, de Zoete MR, Palm NW. Interspecies commensal interactions have nonlinear impacts on host immunity. Cell Host & Microbe 2022, 30: 988-1002.e6. PMID: 35640610, PMCID: PMC9283318, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.05.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsImmunological outcomesCell activationIntestinal epithelial cell activationInflammatory bowel disease patientsBowel disease patientsDendritic cell activationMesenteric lymph nodesSystemic antibody responsesEpithelial cell activationImmunological milieuLymph nodesAntibody responseDisease patientsAkkermansia muciniphilaGnotobiotic miceHost immunityCommensal microbesHuman cohortsHuman gut bacteriaGut bacteriaMiceAllobaculumMuciniphilaDiseaseIncomplete penetranceAutoreactivity in naïve human fetal B cells is associated with commensal bacteria recognition
Chen JW, Rice TA, Bannock JM, Bielecka AA, Strauss JD, Catanzaro JR, Wang H, Menard LC, Anolik JH, Palm NW, Meffre E. Autoreactivity in naïve human fetal B cells is associated with commensal bacteria recognition. Science 2020, 369: 320-325. PMID: 32675374, DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9733.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsB cell toleranceB cellsCell toleranceEarly human fetal lifeHuman fetal B cellsPolyreactive B cellsHuman fetal lifeApoptotic cellsFetal B cellsHuman fetal liverB cell specificitySingle B cellsAbundant autoantibodiesGut microbiota assemblyNewborn seraFetal lifeBone marrowFetal developmentHealthy adultsCommensal bacteriaRepertoire breadthMicrobiota assemblyFetal liverPreimmune repertoireCell specificityA Forward Chemical Genetic Screen Reveals Gut Microbiota Metabolites That Modulate Host Physiology
Chen H, Nwe PK, Yang Y, Rosen CE, Bielecka AA, Kuchroo M, Cline GW, Kruse AC, Ring AM, Crawford JM, Palm NW. A Forward Chemical Genetic Screen Reveals Gut Microbiota Metabolites That Modulate Host Physiology. Cell 2019, 177: 1217-1231.e18. PMID: 31006530, PMCID: PMC6536006, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsHost physiologyBioactive microbial metabolitesHuman gut bacteriaHost sensingProlific producersG proteinsGut microbiota metabolitesBlood-brain barrierL-PheMicrobial metabolitesOrphan GPCRsGut bacteriaColonic motilityInhibitor administrationMicrobiota metabolitesIntestinal microbiotaSmall moleculesDietary histidineBacteriaPhysiologyMicrobiota metabolomeMetabolitesGPR97Orthogonal approachGPCRsImmunoglobulin A Coating Identifies Colitogenic Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Palm NW, de Zoete MR, Cullen TW, Barry NA, Stefanowski J, Hao L, Degnan PH, Hu J, Peter I, Zhang W, Ruggiero E, Cho JH, Goodman AL, Flavell RA. Immunoglobulin A Coating Identifies Colitogenic Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell 2014, 158: 1000-1010. PMID: 25171403, PMCID: PMC4174347, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsInflammatory bowel diseaseBowel diseaseIgA coatingIntestinal microbiotaIntestinal bacteriaGerm-free miceIBD patientsIntestinal diseaseImmunoglobulin AMouse modelDiseaseAnaerobic culturingDramatic susceptibilityTargeted eliminationDisease developmentDisease susceptibilityMiceCell sortingMicrobiotaBacterial cell sortingFecal bacteriaSuch bacteriaColitisPatientsIgA
2025
Discovery of a Widespread Polyamine–Low-Molecular-Weight Thiol Hybrid Pathway in Clostridioides difficile
Hunt R, Oh J, Jain A, Kuo T, Berardi D, Jian W, Song D, Wu Q, Goodman A, Palm N, Zimmermann M, Johnson C, Crawford J. Discovery of a Widespread Polyamine–Low-Molecular-Weight Thiol Hybrid Pathway in Clostridioides difficile. ACS Infectious Diseases 2025, 11: 2246-2264. PMID: 40671632, PMCID: PMC12403189, DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c00286.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsLow-molecular-weight thiolsTwo-gene operonBacteroides uniformisExpression of polyaminesAssociated with diseaseColorectal cancerBiosynthesis genesCommunity-level changesClostridioides difficile infectionGut homeostasisGenetic screeningGI mucosal biopsiesRisk of colorectal cancerHybrid pathwayMicrobial metabolismHybrid metabolitesGastrointestinal (GI) tractClostridioides difficileDiverse collectionHost immunityMucosal biopsiesSevere inflammationGenesCationic metabolitesMucolytic agentIdentification of medication–microbiome interactions that affect gut infection
Kumar A, Sun R, Habib B, Deng T, Bencivenga-Barry N, Palm N, Ivanov I, Tamblyn R, Goodman A. Identification of medication–microbiome interactions that affect gut infection. Nature 2025, 644: 506-515. PMID: 40670788, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09273-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsEnterica serovar TyphimuriumSalmonella enterica subspRisk of infectionEffect of digoxin treatmentSerovar TyphimuriumS. TmGut microbiomeMicrobiome compositionRisk of gastrointestinal infectionsInvading pathogensMicrobiomeCardiac glycoside digoxinNon-antibioticGut infectionImmune surveillanceDigoxin treatmentGastrointestinal infectionsB-defensinsGutInfectionEpidemiological studiesPopulation cohortDrugExperimental approachRiskBacterial and host enzymes modulate the pro-inflammatory response elicited by the peptidoglycan of Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi
McCausland J, Kloos Z, Irnov I, Sonnert N, Zhou J, Putnik R, Mueller E, Steere A, Palm N, Grimes C, Jacobs-Wagner C. Bacterial and host enzymes modulate the pro-inflammatory response elicited by the peptidoglycan of Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi. PLOS Pathogens 2025, 21: e1013324. PMID: 40623106, PMCID: PMC12279116, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1013324.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsImmune responsePost-antibiotic treatmentProinflammatory immune responseNOD2-dependent immune responsesPro-inflammatory responseHost sensingAntibiotic therapyPersistent arthritisImmune detectionImmune systemHuman cell linesCell linesSpirochete Borrelia burgdorferiB. burgdorferiLyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferiPatients
Academic Achievements & Community Involvement
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Honors
honor Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences
01/01/2019National AwardPew Charitable TrustsDetailsUnited Stateshonor Director's New Innovator Award (DP2)
01/01/2019National AwardNational Institutes of HealthDetailsUnited Stateshonor Smith Award for Excellence in Biomedical Research
01/01/2016Regional AwardRichard and Susan Smith Family FoundationDetailsUnited States
News & Links
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News
- November 12, 2025
Twenty-Seven YSM Faculty Members Recognized for Highly Cited Research
- August 04, 2025
Non-Antibiotic Drugs Also Disrupt the Microbiome
- February 07, 2025Source: Yale News
Study Reveals How Gut Bacteria Might Trigger Autoimmune Diseases Like Lupus
- August 27, 2024
Gut Microbiome Imbalance Promotes Liver Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
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Immunobiology
P.O. Box 208089
New Haven, CT 06520-8089
United States
Administrative Support
Locations
The Anlyan Center
Academic Office
300 Cedar Street, Ste 569, Rm C
New Haven, CT 06519
The Anlyan Center
Lab
300 Cedar Street, Ste 560
New Haven, CT 06519
Events
Apr 202623Thursday
Yale Only Emilia Favuzzi, PhD - Shawn Ferguson, PhD - Yifei Cai - David R. Martinez, PhD - Le Zhang, PhD - Noah Wolcott Palm, PhD