2023
Extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1* variant in a population with high levels of hybrid immunity: A prevalence survey
Ticona J, Xiao M, Li D, Nery N, Hitchings M, Belitardo E, Fofana M, Victoriano R, Cruz J, de Moraes L, Strobel I, Silva J, do Aragão Filho A, Ribeiro G, Reis M, Costa F, Khouri R, Ko A, Cummings D. Extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1* variant in a population with high levels of hybrid immunity: A prevalence survey. International Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2023, 139: 159-167. PMID: 38070701, PMCID: PMC10784150, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.039.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2022
Association between primary or booster COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and Omicron lineage BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: A test-negative case–control analysis
Lind M, Robertson A, Silva J, Warner F, Coppi A, Price N, Duckwall C, Sosensky P, Di Giuseppe E, Borg R, Fofana M, Ranzani O, Dean N, Andrews J, Croda J, Iwasaki A, Cummings D, Ko A, Hitchings M, Schulz W. Association between primary or booster COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and Omicron lineage BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: A test-negative case–control analysis. PLOS Medicine 2022, 19: e1004136. PMID: 36454733, PMCID: PMC9714718, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004136.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 infectionBooster vaccinationPrior infectionOmicron infectionPrimary vaccinationMRNA vaccinationOdds ratioAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionPrior SARS-CoV-2 infectionTest-negative case-control analysisYale New Haven Health SystemTest-negative case-control studyCOVID-19 mRNA vaccinationSyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionOmicron variant infectionPrior infection statusCoronavirus 2 infectionCase-control studyCase-control analysisOdds of infectionRisk of infectionRace/ethnicityBooster dosesDate of testStructural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: A cross-sectional survey
Fofana MO, Nery N, Ticona J, de Andrade Belitardo EMM, Victoriano R, Anjos RO, Portilho MM, de Santana MC, dos Santos LL, de Oliveira D, Cruz JS, Muenker MC, Khouri R, Wunder EA, Hitchings MDT, Johnson O, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS, Cummings DAT, Costa F, Ko AI. Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: A cross-sectional survey. PLOS Medicine 2022, 19: e1004093. PMID: 36074784, PMCID: PMC9499230, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004093.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 infection riskUrban slumsSyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalenceSARS-CoV-2 incidenceCoronavirus 2 infectionCross-sectional serosurveyMain outcome measuresUrban slum populationPresence of IgGSARS-CoV-2 spike proteinUrban slum communityCross-sectional surveyUrban slum residentsCumulative incidenceMedian ageRisk factorsOutcome measuresStudy populationHigh seroprevalenceMedian dailyPandemic waveGender distributionReliable estimation of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein IgG titers from single dilution optical density values in serologic surveys
Belitardo E, Nery N, Ticona J, Portilho MM, Mello IO, Ribeiro GS, Reis MG, Costa F, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Fofana MO. Reliable estimation of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein IgG titers from single dilution optical density values in serologic surveys. Diagnostic Microbiology And Infectious Disease 2022, 104: 115807. PMID: 36162285, PMCID: PMC9428330, DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115807.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 incidenceCommunity-based cohortPopulation-level immunitySARS-CoV-2Large-scale serosurveysELISA optical densityIgG titersIgG ELISAPandemic evolvesSerologic surveyTitersOptical density valuesPopulation-level changesSerosurveyImmunitySingle dilutionSerial dilutionsNODCohortIncidenceELISASerum
2021
The Deepest Cuts
Fofana MO. The Deepest Cuts. Annals Of Emergency Medicine 2021, 78: 453-454. PMID: 34420558, DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.03.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRacial Discrimination from Patients: Institutional Strategies to Establish Respectful Emergency Department Environments
Chary A, Fofana M, Kohli H. Racial Discrimination from Patients: Institutional Strategies to Establish Respectful Emergency Department Environments. Western Journal Of Emergency Medicine 2021, 22: 898-902. PMID: 35354011, PMCID: PMC8328184, DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2021.3.51582.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTime and time again: the reincarnations of coerced sterilisation
Fofana MO. Time and time again: the reincarnations of coerced sterilisation. Journal Of Medical Ethics 2021, 48: 805-809. PMID: 34127527, DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106924.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2020
Decolonising global health in the time of COVID-19
Fofana MO. Decolonising global health in the time of COVID-19. Global Public Health 2020, 16: 1155-1166. PMID: 33370211, DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1864754.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCovid-OrganicsContemporary documentary sourcesEffective traditional remediesHistorical sourcesInequitable power structuresColonial inheritanceDocumentary sourcesHistorical contextFrench researchersColonialityPower structuresExternal actorsPersistent influenceAfricaColonialismEssayRhetoricReflectionScandalsMarginalisationActorsClaimsControversyEntrenchExploitation
2017
Reply to Anthony et al., “Protecting Pyrazinamide, a Priority for Improving Outcomes in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment”
Fofana M, Dowdy D. Reply to Anthony et al., “Protecting Pyrazinamide, a Priority for Improving Outcomes in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment”. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy 2017, 61: 10.1128/aac.00427-17. PMID: 28539499, PMCID: PMC5444152, DOI: 10.1128/aac.00427-17.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersA Multistrain Mathematical Model To Investigate the Role of Pyrazinamide in the Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Fofana MO, Shrestha S, Knight GM, Cohen T, White RG, Cobelens F, Dowdy DW. A Multistrain Mathematical Model To Investigate the Role of Pyrazinamide in the Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy 2017, 61: 10.1128/aac.00498-16. PMID: 27956422, PMCID: PMC5328532, DOI: 10.1128/aac.00498-16.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntitubercular AgentsBayes TheoremBiological AvailabilityComputer SimulationDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFluoroquinolonesHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsModels, StatisticalMycobacterium tuberculosisPyrazinamideRifampinTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsCompanion drugsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisSecond-line treatmentFirst-line treatmentSecond-line regimensDrug-resistant tuberculosisUse of pyrazinamideExtensive drug resistanceDrug resistance dataEmergence of strainsEmergence of mutationsXDR-TBSequential regimensHIV infectionAlternative drugsResistance amplificationPyrazinamide resistanceProlonged treatmentCombination antimicrobialsDrug resistanceInfectious diseasesPrevalenceProportion of simulationsAppropriate useRegimens
2015
Burden of transmitted multidrug resistance in epidemics of tuberculosis: a transmission modelling analysis
Kendall EA, Fofana MO, Dowdy DW. Burden of transmitted multidrug resistance in epidemics of tuberculosis: a transmission modelling analysis. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2015, 3: 963-972. PMID: 26597127, PMCID: PMC4684734, DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00458-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMDR tuberculosisDynamic transmission modelPerson transmissionTuberculosis incidenceTuberculosis treatmentTuberculosis epidemicMDR tuberculosis casesDrug-susceptible tuberculosisFirst-line treatmentHigh-burden settingsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisEpidemic of tuberculosisDrug regimensTuberculosis casesMDR prevalenceTuberculosis notificationsTuberculosis prevalenceNotification dataMDR acquisitionMDR transmissionTuberculosisMultidrug resistanceDe novo mutationsMelinda Gates FoundationNational InstituteThe Distribution of Fitness Costs of Resistance-Conferring Mutations Is a Key Determinant for the Future Burden of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Model-Based Analysis
Knight GM, Colijn C, Shrestha S, Fofana M, Cobelens F, White RG, Dowdy DW, Cohen T. The Distribution of Fitness Costs of Resistance-Conferring Mutations Is a Key Determinant for the Future Burden of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Model-Based Analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2015, 61: s147-s154. PMID: 26409276, PMCID: PMC4583567, DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDevelopment of global health education at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: a student-driven initiative
Moran D, Edwardson J, Cuneo CN, Tackett S, Aluri J, Kironji A, Cox J, Carroll B, Lie E, Fofana M, Bollinger RC, Ziegelstein RC, Chen CC. Development of global health education at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: a student-driven initiative. Medical Education Online 2015, 20: 28632. PMID: 26220909, PMCID: PMC4518163, DOI: 10.3402/meo.v20.28632.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlobal health educationJohns Hopkins University SchoolHealth educationUniversity SchoolStudent-driven initiativesFirst-year studentsFormal educational curriculumGlobal health experiencesGlobal health electivesSchool of MedicineGlobal health programsLearning opportunitiesInterprofessional programEducational curriculumEducational opportunitiesMedical schoolsMedical studentsEducational websitesStudentsSchoolsInternational electivesInterprofessional collaborationSupportive administrationEducationJohns Hopkins Experience
2014
Population-Level Impact of Shorter-Course Regimens for Tuberculosis: A Model-Based Analysis
Fofana MO, Knight GM, Gomez GB, White RG, Dowdy DW. Population-Level Impact of Shorter-Course Regimens for Tuberculosis: A Model-Based Analysis. PLOS ONE 2014, 9: e96389. PMID: 24816692, PMCID: PMC4015982, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096389.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsShort-course regimensTB incidenceTreatment completionTreatment successFirst-line treatment regimensFour-month regimenFour-month regimensLower treatment completionProportion of patientsPopulation-level incidenceSix-month therapyGlobal tuberculosis incidenceDynamic transmission modelPopulation-level transmissionCourse regimensTB diseaseTB patientsNew regimensRelapse rateTB mortalityTB transmissionTreatment regimensTuberculosis incidenceClinical trialsRegimens
2013
The spectre of race in American medicine
Fofana MO. The spectre of race in American medicine. Medical Humanities 2013, 39: 137. PMID: 23988563, PMCID: PMC4131435, DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2013-010374.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUse of raceAmerican medicineHistory of slaveryInstitution of slaveryHistorical injusticesRacial hierarchyContemporary debatesContemporary examplesPast abuseSlaveryReflexive useRacePastTremendous influenceDebateContemporary medicineMedicine todayToday's physiciansBiological conceptsHistorySpectreInjusticeTodayWayConcept2012 Winning Essay
Fofana M. 2012 Winning Essay. The AMA Journal Of Ethic 2013, 15: 653-659. PMID: 23937779, DOI: 10.1001/virtualmentor.2013.15.8.conl1-1308.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersCost-effectiveness of novel first-line treatment regimens for tuberculosis
Owens JP, Fofana MO, Dowdy DW. Cost-effectiveness of novel first-line treatment regimens for tuberculosis. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2013, 17: 590-596. PMID: 23575322, PMCID: PMC3844288, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0776.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisability-adjusted life yearsFirst-line treatmentStandard treatmentTotal disability-adjusted life yearsFailure/relapseShort-course regimensFirst-line regimensFirst-line drugsHigher drug costsHealth care perspectiveDrug pricesTB patientsActive tuberculosisNovel regimensPatient cohortDrug costsEqual efficacyRegimensLife yearsCare perspectiveTuberculosisRelapsePatientsTreatmentShort duration
2011
The Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Routine, Voluntary HIV Screening in South Africa
Walensky RP, Wood R, Fofana MO, Martinson NA, Losina E, April MD, Bassett IV, Morris BL, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. The Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Routine, Voluntary HIV Screening in South Africa. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2011, 56: 26-35. PMID: 21068674, PMCID: PMC3005842, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181fb8f24.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVoluntary HIV screeningQuality-adjusted life yearsHIV screeningLife yearsHIV case detectionHIV testing costsTest acceptance rateIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioSubstantial clinical benefitIncidence/prevalenceOne-time screeningDirect medical costsLife expectancyQuality-adjusted life expectancyCost-effectiveness ratioAntiretroviral therapyAnnual incidenceClinical benefitHIV prevalenceClinical impactCase detectionMedical costsCare ratesHIVTest acceptance
2009
When to start antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings.
Walensky RP, Wolf LL, Wood R, Fofana MO, Freedberg KA, Martinson NA, Paltiel AD, Anglaret X, Weinstein MC, Losina E. When to start antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2009, 151: 157-66. PMID: 19620143, PMCID: PMC3092478, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-3-200908040-00138.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-HIV AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesComputer SimulationCost-Benefit AnalysisDecision TreesDisease ProgressionDrug Administration ScheduleHealth Care CostsHIV InfectionsHumansLife ExpectancySensitivity and SpecificitySouth AfricaTrimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationConceptsAntiretroviral therapyCD4 countLong-term survivalCells/LART initiationCells/L.ART initiation strategiesIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioSevere opportunistic diseaseDoris Duke Charitable FoundationLife expectancyCD4 count thresholdHIV treatment decisionsCost-effectiveness ratioInternational clinical trialsBase-case analysisResource-limited settingsYears of lifeCost-effectiveness analysisPerson's life expectancyObservational cohortCD4 thresholdHIV diseaseTreatment guidelinesEarly therapy
2008
Scaling Up Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: The Impact of Speed on Survival
Walensky RP, Wood R, Weinstein MC, Martinson NA, Losina E, Fofana MO, Goldie SJ, Divi N, Yazdanpanah Y, Wang B, Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA. Scaling Up Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: The Impact of Speed on Survival. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2008, 197: 1324-1332. PMID: 18422445, PMCID: PMC2423492, DOI: 10.1086/587184.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntiretroviral therapyEligible human immunodeficiency virusEffective antiretroviral therapyHuman immunodeficiency virusNeed of therapyHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusPatient outcomesAdult cohortDeath rateART scaleTherapyCumulative deathsTreatment slotsDeathRapid scaleHIVPatientsCohortInfectionMortality