2004
Increase in Sexual Risk Behavior Associated with Immunologic Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users
Tun W, Gange S, Vlahov D, Strathdee S, Celentano D. Increase in Sexual Risk Behavior Associated with Immunologic Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004, 38: 1167-1174. PMID: 15095224, DOI: 10.1086/383033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersActive antiretroviral therapyHAART initiationCell countAntiretroviral therapyDrug usersSexual intercourseRisk reduction counselingHuman immunodeficiency virusLarge cohort studyDrug injection behaviorInjection of drugsUnprotected sexual intercourseSemiannual visitsReduction counselingCohort studyHIV infectionHIV serostatusImmunodeficiency virusImmunologic responseNeedle sharingBlood samplesSurvival analysisRisk behaviorsCD4Hepatitis C incidence—a comparison between injection and noninjection drug users in New York City
Fuller C, Ompad D, Galea S, Wu Y, Koblin B, Vlahov D. Hepatitis C incidence—a comparison between injection and noninjection drug users in New York City. Journal Of Urban Health 2004, 81: 20-24. PMID: 15047780, PMCID: PMC3456148, DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jth084.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusInjection drug usersNoninjection drug usersDrug usersHCV seropositiveRisk of HCVNew injection drug usersPerson-time analysisAnnual incidence rateHepatitis C incidenceAnnual incident rateHigh-risk practicesHCV incidenceHCV seroconvertersNon-IDUsHCV serologyHCV preventionC virusRisk factorsIncidence ratePrevention servicesOnset of injectionEarly preventionNew York CityRisk Survey
2003
Social Circumstances of Initiation of Injection Drug Use and Early Shooting Gallery Attendance: Implications for HIV Intervention Among Adolescent and Young Adult Injection Drug Users
Fuller C, Vlahov D, Latkin C, Ompad D, Celentano D, Strathdee S. Social Circumstances of Initiation of Injection Drug Use and Early Shooting Gallery Attendance: Implications for HIV Intervention Among Adolescent and Young Adult Injection Drug Users. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2003, 32: 86. PMID: 12514419, DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200301010-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersNew injection drug usersOlder injection drug usersYoung adult injection drug usersDrug usersHigh-risk injection drug usersStreet-recruited injection drug usersAdult injection drug usersYoung injection drug usersGallery attendanceProspective cohort studyInjection drug useMultiple logistic regressionHigh-risk practicesCohort studyMedian ageHIV incidenceHIV prevalenceInnovative intervention strategiesHIV interventionsDrug useLogistic regressionHIVBaseline dataMost participants
2002
Does Bleach Disinfection of Syringes Protect Against Hepatitis C Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users?
Kapadia F, Vlahov D, Jarlais D, Strathdee S, Ouellet L, Kerndt P, E E, Williams I, Garfein R. Does Bleach Disinfection of Syringes Protect Against Hepatitis C Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users? Epidemiology 2002, 13: 738-741. PMID: 12410020, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200211000-00023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersAnti-HCV seroconversionHepatitis C virusDrug usersOdds ratioBleach useYoung adult injection drug usersSeronegative injection drug usersMajor public health problemAdult injection drug usersBleach disinfectionHepatitis C infectionProspective cohort studyCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionPublic health problemCessation of injectionsC infectionHCV infectionCohort studyC virusProtective effectHealth problemsSeroconversionLogistic regression
2001
Selective risk taking among needle exchange participants: implications for supplemental interventions.
Valente T, Vlahov D. Selective risk taking among needle exchange participants: implications for supplemental interventions. American Journal Of Public Health 2001, 91: 406-11. PMID: 11236405, PMCID: PMC1446573, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.3.406.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFactors associated with prevalent hepatitis C: differences among young adult injection drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York City
Diaz T, Des Jarlais D, Vlahov D, Perlis T, Edwards V, Friedman S, Rockwell R, Hoover D, Williams I, Monterroso E. Factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C: differences among young adult injection drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York City. American Journal Of Public Health 2001, 91: 23-30. PMID: 11189819, PMCID: PMC1446499, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.1.23.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersYoung adult injection drug usersAdult injection drug usersHepatitis B virusDrug usersHCV infectionPrevalent hepatitis C virus infectionHepatitis C virus infectionYoung injection drug usersAnti-HCV positivityPrevalent HCV infectionPrevalent hepatitis CC virus infectionHIV serologyHCV antibodiesHepatitis CB virusVirus infectionDrug treatmentDrug useHCVNew York CitySex practicesInfectionUpper Manhattan
2000
Short tandem repeat methodology for genotypic identification of single-person versus multi-person use of syringes
Shrestha S, Strathdee S, Brahmbhatt H, Farzadegan H, Vlahov D, Smith M. Short tandem repeat methodology for genotypic identification of single-person versus multi-person use of syringes. AIDS 2000, 14: 1507-1513. PMID: 10983637, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200007280-00006.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1998
Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users
Garfein R, Doherty M, Monterroso E, Thomas D, Nelson K, Vlahov D. Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1998, 18: s11-s19. PMID: 9663618, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYoung adult injection drug usersAdult injection drug usersInjection drug usersHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHCV infectionVirus infectionDrug usersHCV-seronegative participantsTransmission of HCVCommunity-based outreachSecond-generation antibodiesHCV seroconversionHCV seroprevalenceCommunity outreach educationProspective studyRisk factorsSemiannual interviewsHigh riskInjecting practicesSterile syringesBivariate analysisLogistic regressionInfectionHCVUse of Sterile Syringes and Aseptic Drug Preparation Are Important Components of HIV Prevention Among Injection Drug Users
Jones T, Vlahov D. Use of Sterile Syringes and Aseptic Drug Preparation Are Important Components of HIV Prevention Among Injection Drug Users. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1998, 18: s1-s5. PMID: 9663616, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00002.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
1997
Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Villano S, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Lyles C, Cohn S, Thomas D. Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 1997, 35: 3274-3277. PMID: 9399533, PMCID: PMC230161, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.12.3274-3277.1997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHCV infectionRisk factorsDrug usersDrug useDrug paraphernaliaHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionAnnual incidence rateActive drug useHigh-risk sexual practicesSharing of needlesHCV seroconversionHepatitis CAntibody testingOverall incidenceIncidence rateVirus infectionSerum samplesInfectionIncidenceHCVSexual practicesFrequent useParticipants
1996
People and places: behavioral settings and personal network characteristics as correlates of needle sharing.
Latkin C, Mandell W, Vlahov D, Oziemkowska M, Celentano D. People and places: behavioral settings and personal network characteristics as correlates of needle sharing. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1996, 13: 273-80. PMID: 8898673, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199611010-00010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDetection of HIV-1 DNA in needle/syringes, paraphernalia, and washes from shooting galleries in Miami: a preliminary laboratory report.
Shah S, Shapshak P, Rivers J, Stewart R, Weatherby N, Xin K, Page J, Chitwood D, Mash D, Vlahov D, McCoy C. Detection of HIV-1 DNA in needle/syringes, paraphernalia, and washes from shooting galleries in Miami: a preliminary laboratory report. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1996, 11: 301-6. PMID: 8603266, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199603010-00010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeedles/syringesHIV-1 DNAInjection drug usersHIV-1 proteinsHIV-1Polymerase chain reactionClean needlesHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1Act of injectionVirus type 1Injection paraphernaliaPreliminary laboratory reportDrug usersShooting galleriesType 1Western blotReduction of riskEnvelope geneChain reactionGene DNAAntibodiesSyringesLaboratory reportsModification of behavior
1995
Correlates of Hepatitis C Virus Infections among Injection Drug Users
Thomas D, Vlahov D, Solomon L, Cohn S, Taylor E, Garfein R, Nelson K. Correlates of Hepatitis C Virus Infections among Injection Drug Users. Medicine 1995, 74: 212-220. PMID: 7623656, DOI: 10.1097/00005792-199507000-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusHCV infectionDrug usersVirus infectionMajority of HCVYears of injectingLong-term drug usersHCV RNASerologic evidenceImmunodeficiency virusBloodborne pathogensInjection drugsViral persistenceImmune responsePersistent infectionHigh riskHCVDrug useBiologic basisStudy participantsInfectionIllicit drugsIncidence and Risk Factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II Seroconversion Among Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
Vlahov D, Khabbaz R, Cohn S, Galai N, Taylor E, Kaplan J. Incidence and Risk Factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II Seroconversion Among Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1995, 9: 89-96. PMID: 7712239, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199505010-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk factorsDrug usersEnzyme immunoassayWestern blotHuman T-lymphotropic virusNeedle-sharing practicesRisk factor analysisT-lymphotropic virusMedian lag timeCase-control designALIVE studyRecent serumSeronegative IDUsStudy entryBaseline historyIncidence rateSeroconversionPositive casesSex partnersIDUsHTLVCalendar timeMonthsIncidenceBaseline
1994
Low power? Use two-dimensional confidence regions as a graphical method for depicting uncertainty
Chilcoat H, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Anthony J. Low power? Use two-dimensional confidence regions as a graphical method for depicting uncertainty. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 1994, 36: 39-48. PMID: 7988358, DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(94)90008-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchField effectiveness of needle disinfection among injecting drug users.
Vlahov D, Astemborski J, Solomon L, Nelson K. Field effectiveness of needle disinfection among injecting drug users. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1994, 7: 760-6. PMID: 8207660.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV seroconversionOdds ratioDrug usersNeedle disinfectionPutative protective effectCase-control studyCorresponding odds ratiosSterile injection equipmentDisinfectant useInjection equipmentLimited statistical powerStudy entryHIV seroconvertersResidual confoundingPossible confoundersCocaine injectionProtective effectSeroconversionDrug useUse of disinfectantsBlack heterosexualsPractice variablesField effectivenessSeroconvertersSeronegativesCorrelates of needle sharing among injection drug users.
Mandell W, Vlahov D, Latkin C, Oziemkowska M, Cohn S. Correlates of needle sharing among injection drug users. American Journal Of Public Health 1994, 84: 920-3. PMID: 8203687, PMCID: PMC1614968, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.84.6.920.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeedle SharingRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsInjection drug usersRecent needle sharingNeedle sharingDrug usersActive injection drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissionInjection drug usePotential risk factorsLow socioeconomic statusDrug use variablesDrug use practicesInjection equipmentRisk factorsDrug useMultivariate analysisHistory of arrestBisexual menSocioeconomic statusVirus transmissionDemographic factorsLife eventsHeterosexual counterpartsUse variablesNeedleMy place, your place, and no place: Behavior settings as a risk factor for HIV‐related injection practices of drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Latkin C, Mandell W, Vlahov D, Oziemkowska M, Knowlton A, Celentano D. My place, your place, and no place: Behavior settings as a risk factor for HIV‐related injection practices of drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. American Journal Of Community Psychology 1994, 22: 415-430. PMID: 7879749, DOI: 10.1007/bf02506873.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersInjecting Drug UsersHIV risk behaviorsDrug injection behaviorSpread of HIVHIV infectionRisk factorsContaminated needlesMother's residenceInjection practicesShooting galleriesRisk behaviorsInjection behaviorPrimary settingMost participantsHIVMultiple regression analysisRegression analysisSemipublic areasOwn residenceResidenceSettingNeedleOpen-ended interviewsBaltimoreA pilot syringe exchange program in Washington, DC.
Vlahov D, Ryan C, Solomon L, Cohn S, Holt M, Akhter M. A pilot syringe exchange program in Washington, DC. American Journal Of Public Health 1994, 84: 303-4. PMID: 8296961, PMCID: PMC1614978, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.84.2.303.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
Household bleach as disinfectant for use by injecting drug users
Watters J, Jones T, Shapshak P, McCoy C, Flynn N, Gleghorn A, Vlahov D, Hoffman P, Layzell S. Household bleach as disinfectant for use by injecting drug users. The Lancet 1993, 342: 742-743. PMID: 8103844, DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91735-5.Peer-Reviewed Original Research