2020
Children as sentinels of tuberculosis transmission: disease mapping of programmatic data
Gunasekera KS, Zelner J, Becerra MC, Contreras C, Franke MF, Lecca L, Murray MB, Warren JL, Cohen T. Children as sentinels of tuberculosis transmission: disease mapping of programmatic data. BMC Medicine 2020, 18: 234. PMID: 32873309, PMCID: PMC7466499, DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01702-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleProspective StudiesTuberculosisConceptsNational Tuberculosis ProgrammeActive case-finding interventionsCase-finding interventionsTuberculosis transmissionNotification dataTuberculosis ProgrammeTuberculosis incidenceChild casesChildhood tuberculosis casesRecent transmission eventsProportion of casesCase notification dataMolecular epidemiological methodsMolecular epidemiologic methodsEndemic infectious diseasesTuberculosis casesProspective studyAdult casesDisease progressionNotification registerProgrammatic dataDistricts of LimaEpidemiological methodsInfectious diseasesTransmission hotspotsTransmission Modeling with Regression Adjustment for Analyzing Household-based Studies of Infectious Disease: Application to Tuberculosis.
Crawford FW, Marx FM, Zelner J, Cohen T. Transmission Modeling with Regression Adjustment for Analyzing Household-based Studies of Infectious Disease: Application to Tuberculosis. Epidemiology 2020, 31: 238-247. PMID: 31764276, PMCID: PMC7718772, DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001143.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSusceptible household contactsHousehold contactsTB casesBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinationInfected household contactsIsoniazid preventive therapyActive tuberculosis casesCulture-positive casesRisk of diseaseCohort studyMicrobiological confirmationPreventive therapyTuberculosis casesRisk factorsInfection resultsAdult contactsInfection riskInfectious diseasesLogistic regressionRate of transmissionTransmissible diseasesDiseaseIndividual-level characteristicsHigher hazardDisease susceptibility
2019
Transmissibility and potential for disease progression of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: prospective cohort study
Becerra MC, Huang CC, Lecca L, Bayona J, Contreras C, Calderon R, Yataco R, Galea J, Zhang Z, Atwood S, Cohen T, Mitnick CD, Farmer P, Murray M. Transmissibility and potential for disease progression of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: prospective cohort study. The BMJ 2019, 367: l5894. PMID: 31649017, PMCID: PMC6812583, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l5894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAntitubercular AgentsChildChild, PreschoolContact TracingDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornIsoniazidKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisPeruProspective StudiesRifampinSputumTuberculin TestTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryYoung AdultConceptsDrug-sensitive tuberculosisMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisHousehold contactsProspective cohort studySensitive tuberculosisTuberculosis infectionResistant tuberculosisCohort studyTuberculosis diseaseHigh riskDrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisIncident tuberculosis diseasePhenotypic drug resistanceDistrict Health CenterResistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisDrug-susceptible strainsDrug resistance profilesActive diseasePulmonary tuberculosisDisease progressionGuideline producersHealth centersIndex patientsEffective treatmentPatientsNotification of relapse and other previously treated tuberculosis in the 52 health districts of South Africa
Marx F, Cohen T, Lombard C, Hesseling A, Dlamini S, Beyers N, Naidoo P. Notification of relapse and other previously treated tuberculosis in the 52 health districts of South Africa. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2019, 23: 891-899. PMID: 31533878, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0609.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSouth African health districtTB casesCase notification ratesHealth districtTB burdenNotification ratesHigh case notification ratesHIV co-infection rateHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalenceTB case notification ratesAntenatal HIV prevalenceSecondary preventive therapyDrug-susceptible tuberculosisNew TB casesCo-infection rateTreatment history informationPreventive therapyMultivariable analysisHIV prevalenceSouth African districtPatient categoriesRelapseTuberculosisTreatment monitoringVirus prevalence
2018
Tuberculosis control interventions targeted to previously treated people in a high-incidence setting: a modelling study
Marx FM, Yaesoubi R, Menzies NA, Salomon JA, Bilinski A, Beyers N, Cohen T. Tuberculosis control interventions targeted to previously treated people in a high-incidence setting: a modelling study. The Lancet Global Health 2018, 6: e426-e435. PMID: 29472018, PMCID: PMC5849574, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30022-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-incidence settingsIsoniazid preventive therapyPreventive therapyTuberculosis treatmentActive casesHIV prevalenceTuberculosis controlControl interventionsIncident tuberculosis casesPrevious tuberculosis treatmentTuberculosis control interventionsTB case notificationHigh-risk groupTransmission dynamic modelTuberculosis deathsHigh tuberculosisRecurrent diseasePrevalent tuberculosisTuberculosis casesTuberculosis incidenceCase notificationTreatment outcomesTuberculosis morbidityTuberculosis epidemicAdditional interventions
2016
Smear positivity in paediatric and adult tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Kunkel A, Abel zur Wiesch P, Nathavitharana RR, Marx FM, Jenkins HE, Cohen T. Smear positivity in paediatric and adult tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16: 282. PMID: 27296716, PMCID: PMC4906576, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1617-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercentage of childrenSmear positivityPooled percentageInverse variance heterogeneity modelPediatric TB casesSmear-positive TBNational TB ProgrammeBurden of TBGlobal Health databasesSputum smear microscopyActive TBAdult tuberculosisPositive TBTB casesTB programsAdult casesPROSPERO databaseSputum smearInclusion criteriaSmear microscopyHealth databasesSystematic reviewAdultsChildrenTuberculosis
2014
Age-Specific Risks of Tuberculosis Infection From Household and Community Exposures and Opportunities for Interventions in a High-Burden Setting
Zelner JL, Murray MB, Becerra MC, Galea J, Lecca L, Calderon R, Yataco R, Contreras C, Zhang Z, Grenfell BT, Cohen T. Age-Specific Risks of Tuberculosis Infection From Household and Community Exposures and Opportunities for Interventions in a High-Burden Setting. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2014, 180: 853-861. PMID: 25190676, PMCID: PMC4188339, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu192.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLatent tuberculosis infectionHousehold contactsAge-specific riskYears of ageTuberculosis infectionLarge population-based prospective cohort studyPopulation-based prospective cohort studyHousehold exposureBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccineIncident pulmonary tuberculosisCommunity exposureProspective cohort studyCalmette-Guérin vaccineHigh-burden settingsPublic Health CenterCommunity-based transmissionRisk of infectionCohort studyLTBI prevalencePreventive therapyPulmonary tuberculosisTuberculosis patientsTuberculosis casesHousehold transmissionExcess riskGeographical heterogeneity of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Georgia, January 2009 to June 2011.
Jenkins HE, Gegia M, Furin J, Kalandadze I, Nanava U, Chakhaia T, Cohen T. Geographical heterogeneity of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Georgia, January 2009 to June 2011. Eurosurveillance 2014, 19 PMID: 24679722, PMCID: PMC4090679, DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.11.20743.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant TBMDR-TB risk factorsTB casesRisk factorsMDR-TB incidenceMDR-TB riskMDR-TB transmissionMDR-TB casesMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisTreatment-naïve individualsMDR-TB burdenTuberculosis casesHigh riskTargeted interventionsSurveillance dataGeographical heterogeneityRegression modellingInterventionRiskRural areasCasesTuberculosisIncidencePercentage
2013
Treatment outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: retrospective-prospective cohort study from 2004 to 2007.
Anderson LF, Tamne S, Watson JP, Cohen T, Mitnick C, Brown T, Drobniewski F, Abubakar I. Treatment outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: retrospective-prospective cohort study from 2004 to 2007. Eurosurveillance 2013, 18 PMID: 24128699, DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.40.20601.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAntibiotics, AntitubercularAntitubercular AgentsChildChild, PreschoolDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFemaleFluoroquinolonesHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisPatient ComplianceProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantUnited KingdomYoung AdultConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisTreatment outcomesRetrospective-prospective cohort studyWorld Health Organization targetMulti-drug resistant tuberculosisMDR-TB patientsMDR-TB treatmentMDR-TB casesFurther drug resistanceTreatment completion ratesSuccessful treatment outcomeUnited Kingdom guidelinesIndividualised regimensCohort studyMonths treatmentResistant tuberculosisTreatment completionInfectious casesDrug resistanceDrug sensitivitySuccessful outcomeOrganization targetBacteriostatic drugsOutcomesTreatment
2012
Assessing spatial heterogeneity of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden country
Jenkins HE, Plesca V, Ciobanu A, Crudu V, Galusca I, Soltan V, Serbulenco A, Zignol M, Dadu A, Dara M, Cohen T. Assessing spatial heterogeneity of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden country. European Respiratory Journal 2012, 42: 1291-1301. PMID: 23100496, PMCID: PMC3800490, DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00111812.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisMDR-TB riskMDR-TB risk factorsNational TB surveillance dataMDR-TB incidenceTB surveillance dataMDR-TB casesHigh-burden countriesMDR-TB burdenDistribution of casesTB casesTuberculosis casesRisk of resistanceRisk factorsGreater riskSubstantial geographical variationSurveillance dataAppropriate targetingTesting coverageRiskTuberculosisBurdenHigh percentageLocal mechanismsPatients