2021
The voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3 modulates platelet motility and α2β1 integrin-dependent adhesion to collagen
Wright JR, Jones S, Parvathy S, Kaczmarek LK, Forsythe I, Farndale RW, Gibbins JM, Mahaut-Smith MP. The voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3 modulates platelet motility and α2β1 integrin-dependent adhesion to collagen. Platelets 2021, 33: 1942818. PMID: 34348571, PMCID: PMC8935947, DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1942818.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlood PlateletsCollagenHumansIntegrin alpha2beta1Platelet AdhesivenessPlatelet AggregationPotassium Channels, Voltage-Gated
2005
Aminoglycosides block the Kv3.1 potassium channel and reduce the ability of inferior colliculus neurons to fire at high frequencies
Liu S, Kaczmarek LK. Aminoglycosides block the Kv3.1 potassium channel and reduce the ability of inferior colliculus neurons to fire at high frequencies. Developmental Neurobiology 2005, 62: 439-452. PMID: 15547932, DOI: 10.1002/neu.20112.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInferior colliculus neuronsKv3.1 potassium channelColliculus neuronsKv3.1 currentsHearing lossAuditory neuronsPotassium channelsInhibition of Kv3.1Progressive hearing lossRate of repolarizationAuditory nucleiPotassium currentFiring propertiesPipette solutionAction potentialsNeuronsHigh frequencyEffect of streptomycinExtracellular TEAKv3.1 geneKv3.1 channelsAminoglycoside antibioticsStreptomycinKv3.1Presence of streptomycin
2004
Loss of Kv3.1 Tonotopicity and Alterations in cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Signaling in Central Auditory Neurons of Hearing Impaired Mice
von Hehn CA, Bhattacharjee A, Kaczmarek LK. Loss of Kv3.1 Tonotopicity and Alterations in cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Signaling in Central Auditory Neurons of Hearing Impaired Mice. Journal Of Neuroscience 2004, 24: 1936-1940. PMID: 14985434, PMCID: PMC6730406, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4554-03.2004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcoustic StimulationAge FactorsAnimalsAuditory PathwaysBrain StemCerebellumCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinDisease ProgressionMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred CBAMice, Inbred DBANeuronsNeuropeptidesPhosphorylationPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedPresbycusisReflex, StartleShaw Potassium ChannelsConceptsCAMP response element-binding proteinResponse element-binding proteinTonotopic axisBL/6 miceElement-binding proteinCochlear hair cell lossPCREB-positive cellsAuditory brainstem neuronsCentral auditory neuronsHair cell lossCBA/JTranscription factor cAMP response element-binding proteinBrainstem neuronsKv3.1 potassium channel geneTrapezoid bodyImpaired miceMedial nucleusAuditory brainstemImmunopositive cellsAuditory neuronsMedial endPotassium channel genesGood hearingCell lossCREB expressionThe voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 regulates peripheral insulin sensitivity
Xu J, Wang P, Li Y, Li G, Kaczmarek LK, Wu Y, Koni PA, Flavell RA, Desir GV. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 regulates peripheral insulin sensitivity. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2004, 101: 3112-3117. PMID: 14981264, PMCID: PMC365752, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308450100.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdipose TissueAnimalsBiological TransportFastingGlucoseInsulinInterleukin-6JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesKineticsKv1.3 Potassium ChannelMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMice, ObeseMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesModels, BiologicalMuscle, SkeletalPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaConceptsKv1.3-/- micePeripheral glucose homeostasisPeripheral insulin sensitivityPlasma membraneGene inactivationInsulin sensitivityAmount of GLUT4Skeletal muscleTerminal kinase (JNK) activityGlucose homeostasisAdipose tissueLower blood insulin levelsVoltage-gated potassium channelsInsulin-stimulated glucose uptakeVoltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3Tumor necrosis factor productionExperimental autoimmune encephalitisBlood insulin levelsHigh-fat dietPotassium channel Kv1.3Tumor necrosis factor secretionPeripheral T lymphocytesKinase activityNecrosis factor productionNumber of tissuesKv1.3 Channel Gene-Targeted Deletion Produces “Super-Smeller Mice” with Altered Glomeruli, Interacting Scaffolding Proteins, and Biophysics
Fadool DA, Tucker K, Perkins R, Fasciani G, Thompson RN, Parsons AD, Overton JM, Koni PA, Flavell RA, Kaczmarek LK. Kv1.3 Channel Gene-Targeted Deletion Produces “Super-Smeller Mice” with Altered Glomeruli, Interacting Scaffolding Proteins, and Biophysics. Neuron 2004, 41: 389-404. PMID: 14766178, PMCID: PMC2737549, DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00844-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords14-3-3 ProteinsAdaptor Proteins, Vesicular TransportAnimalsBehavior, AnimalBlotting, WesternBody WeightBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorCalcium ChannelsCells, CulturedDensitometryDifferential ThresholdDiscrimination, PsychologicalDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrinkingElectric StimulationEmbryo, MammalianEnergy IntakeExploratory BehaviorGene DeletionGRB10 Adaptor ProteinHabituation, PsychophysiologicHumansInsulinKidneyKineticsKv1.3 Potassium ChannelMembrane PotentialsMiceMice, KnockoutMotor ActivityNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsNeurotoxinsNuclear Matrix-Associated ProteinsOdorantsOlfactory BulbPatch-Clamp TechniquesPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedProteinsRas ProteinsReceptor, trkBReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, MessengerScorpion VenomsSensory ThresholdsSrc-Family KinasesTime FactorsTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseConceptsKv1.3-/- miceProtein-protein interactionsGene-targeted deletionKv1.3-null miceSignal transductionScaffolding proteinSignaling cascadesChannel genesC-type inactivationDeletionMembrane potentialNull miceOlfactory codingDetection of odorsPotassium channelsKv1.3 channelsProteinSense of smellSlow inactivation kineticsWild-type miceTransductionGenesOlfactory bulb mitral cellsMiceRole
2003
Compensatory Anion Currents in Kv1.3 Channel-deficient Thymocytes*
Koni PA, Khanna R, Chang MC, Tang MD, Kaczmarek LK, Schlichter LC, Flavell R. Compensatory Anion Currents in Kv1.3 Channel-deficient Thymocytes*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2003, 278: 39443-39451. PMID: 12878608, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m304879200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsApoptosisBase SequenceCell DivisionChloride ChannelsDNAFemaleGene ExpressionIon TransportKv1.3 Potassium ChannelLymphocyte ActivationMaleMembrane PotentialsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutPatch-Clamp TechniquesPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedRNA, MessengerT-LymphocytesConceptsWild-type cellsKv1.3-/- micePotassium channel subunitsVoltage-gated potassium channelsMouse thymocyte subsetsChloride currentsChannel subunitsAnion currentsT-cell activation/proliferationVoltage-dependent potassium currentsVolume regulationCell proliferationThymocyte apoptosisT cell responsesCell-mediated cytotoxicityObvious defectsCell activation/proliferationImmune system defectsT cell proliferationActivation/proliferationPotassium channelsLymph nodesCompensatory effectLymphocyte typeKv1.3The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 regulates energy homeostasis and body weight
Xu J, Koni PA, Wang P, Li G, Kaczmarek L, Wu Y, Li Y, Flavell RA, Desir GV. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 regulates energy homeostasis and body weight. Human Molecular Genetics 2003, 12: 551-559. PMID: 12588802, DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg049.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBasal MetabolismBody WeightHomeostasisKv1.3 Potassium ChannelMiceObesityOrgan SpecificityPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedConceptsBody weightBasal metabolic rateKv1.3 channelsDiet-induced obesityHigh-fat dietBody weight regulationT cell activationVoltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3Voltage-gated potassium channelsPotassium channel Kv1.3Control littermatesFood intakeLittermate controlsKnockout miceWeight regulationIndirect calorimetryMetabolic rateChannel inhibitionCell activationEnergy homeostasisKnockout animalsPotassium channelsCell membrane potentialMiceChannel Kv1.3Modulation of the Kv3.1b Potassium Channel Isoform Adjusts the Fidelity of the Firing Pattern of Auditory Neurons
Macica CM, von Hehn CA, Wang LY, Ho CS, Yokoyama S, Joho RH, Kaczmarek LK. Modulation of the Kv3.1b Potassium Channel Isoform Adjusts the Fidelity of the Firing Pattern of Auditory Neurons. Journal Of Neuroscience 2003, 23: 1133-1141. PMID: 12598601, PMCID: PMC6742259, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.23-04-01133.2003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAnimalsBrain StemCells, CulturedCHO CellsCricetinaeElectric ConductivityEvoked Potentials, AuditoryKineticsMiceMice, KnockoutNeuronsNeuropeptidesPatch-Clamp TechniquesPhosphorylationPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedProtein IsoformsProtein Kinase CSerineShaw Potassium ChannelsTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateConceptsTrapezoid bodyMedial nucleusAuditory neuronsHigh-frequency stimulationWild-type neuronsKv3.1 potassium channelHigh-threshold componentPotassium channel isoformsGreat temporal precisionPartial decreaseProtein kinase C activationAction potentialsLocation of soundsMice resultsFiring patternsNeuronsSensory stimulationPotassium channelsChannel isoformsKinase C activationKv3.1Kv3.1 geneStimulationHigh frequencyProtein kinase C
2001
Localization of two high‐threshold potassium channel subunits in the rat central auditory system
Li W, Kaczmarek L, Perney T. Localization of two high‐threshold potassium channel subunits in the rat central auditory system. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 2001, 437: 196-218. PMID: 11494252, DOI: 10.1002/cne.1279.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAuditory PathwaysCochlear NucleusFemaleGene ExpressionGeniculate BodiesImmunohistochemistryIn Situ HybridizationInferior ColliculiNeuronsNeuropeptidesOligonucleotide ProbesOlivary NucleusPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRNA, MessengerShaw Potassium ChannelsConceptsAuditory neuronsKv3.1 mRNAPotassium channelsMost auditory neuronsBrainstem auditory neuronsRat central auditory systemAction potential thresholdSubpopulation of neuronsCentral auditory systemLateral superior oliveRat auditory systemAuditory systemVoltage-sensitive potassium channelsRapid deactivation kineticsPotassium channel subunitsTrapezoid bodyRat brainstemMedial nucleusVentral nucleusLateral lemniscusTerminal arborizationsSynaptic inputsAuditory nucleiSuperior oliveChannel expressionCasein Kinase 2 Determines the Voltage Dependence of the Kv3.1 Channel in Auditory Neurons and Transfected Cells
Macica C, Kaczmarek L. Casein Kinase 2 Determines the Voltage Dependence of the Kv3.1 Channel in Auditory Neurons and Transfected Cells. Journal Of Neuroscience 2001, 21: 1160-1168. PMID: 11160386, PMCID: PMC6762230, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.21-04-01160.2001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlkaline PhosphataseAnimalsAuditory PathwaysBinding SitesBrain StemCasein Kinase IICDC2-CDC28 KinasesCHO CellsCricetinaeCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Cyclin-Dependent KinasesElectric StimulationEnzyme InhibitorsIn Vitro TechniquesMembrane PotentialsNeuronsNeuropeptidesPatch-Clamp TechniquesPhosphorylationPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedPrecipitin TestsProtein Kinase CProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesRatsShaw Potassium ChannelsTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateTransfectionConceptsCasein kinase 2Kinase 2Casein kinase IIProtein kinase CKv3.1 channelsChinese hamster ovary cellsHamster ovary cellsConstitutive phosphorylationPhosphatase treatmentKinase IIKinase CTransfected CellsVoltage-dependent activationOvary cellsWhole-cell conductancePhosphorylationPotassium channelsRectifier channelsBiophysical characteristicsInactivationKv3.1 potassium channelVoltage dependenceActivationKv3.1Patch-clamp recordings
2000
Modification of delayed rectifier potassium currents by the Kv9.1 potassium channel subunit
Richardson F, Kaczmarek L. Modification of delayed rectifier potassium currents by the Kv9.1 potassium channel subunit. Hearing Research 2000, 147: 21-30. PMID: 10962170, DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00117-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAuditory PathwaysComputer SimulationDelayed Rectifier Potassium ChannelsEvoked Potentials, AuditoryFemaleHumansIn Vitro TechniquesMembrane PotentialsModels, NeurologicalNeuronsOocytesPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedRatsRecombinant ProteinsShab Potassium ChannelsXenopus laevisConceptsRectifier potassium currentPotassium channel subunitsChannel subunitsPotassium currentInward currentsInhibition of firingHigh-frequency stimulationVariety of neuronsPotassium channel alpha subunitChannel alpha subunitFrequency stimulationAuditory pathwayInferior colliculusSustained depolarizationAction potentialsModel neuronsFiring patternsKv9.1NeuronsPotassium channelsAmplitude of currentsKv2.1Sound stimuliRate of activationTetraethyl ammonium ions
1999
Cell Type‐Specific Expression of the Kv3.1 Gene Is Mediated by a Negative Element in the 5′ Untranslated Region of the Kv3.1 Promoter
Gan L, Hahn S, Kaczmarek L. Cell Type‐Specific Expression of the Kv3.1 Gene Is Mediated by a Negative Element in the 5′ Untranslated Region of the Kv3.1 Promoter. Journal Of Neurochemistry 1999, 73: 1350-1362. PMID: 10501178, DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731350.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords3T3 Cells5' Untranslated RegionsAnimalsBase SequenceBeta-GalactosidaseBrainCell LineCHO CellsCloning, MolecularCricetinaeGene Expression RegulationGliomaHumansMiceMice, TransgenicMolecular Sequence DataNeuropeptidesOrgan SpecificityPC12 CellsPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedPromoter Regions, GeneticRatsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidRNA, MessengerShaw Potassium ChannelsTranscription, GeneticTransfectionConceptsType-specific expressionUntranslated regionCell type-specific enhancersCell type-specific expressionCell linesTissue-specific expressionThymidine kinase promoterCell-type specificityTransient transfection assaysKv3.1 potassium channel genePotassium channel genesKv3.1 geneDifferent tissue originsRegulatory fragmentDeletion analysisRegulatory regionsTranscriptional mechanismsTransgenic miceTransfection assaysKinase promoterFunctional analysisChannel genesType specificityPromoterGeneshSK4/hIK1, a Calmodulin-binding KCa Channel in Human T Lymphocytes ROLES IN PROLIFERATION AND VOLUME REGULATION*
Khanna R, Chang M, Joiner W, Kaczmarek L, Schlichter L. hSK4/hIK1, a Calmodulin-binding KCa Channel in Human T Lymphocytes ROLES IN PROLIFERATION AND VOLUME REGULATION*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1999, 274: 14838-14849. PMID: 10329683, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.21.14838.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIK currentsActivated T cell functionSecondary immune responseNaive T cellsT cell functionPromising therapeutic targetChinese hamster ovary cellsHamster ovary cellsHuman T lymphocytesVolume regulationKCa channelsT cellsT lymphocytesImmune responseTherapeutic targetIK blockHSK4Accessory moleculesHuman T lymphoblastsOvary cellsDistal C-terminusPharmacological propertiesT lymphoblastsCell functionProximal C-terminus
1998
Heterologous Expression of the Kv3.1 Potassium Channel Eliminates Spike Broadening and the Induction of a Depolarizing Afterpotential in the Peptidergic Bag Cell Neurons
Whim M, Kaczmarek L. Heterologous Expression of the Kv3.1 Potassium Channel Eliminates Spike Broadening and the Induction of a Depolarizing Afterpotential in the Peptidergic Bag Cell Neurons. Journal Of Neuroscience 1998, 18: 9171-9180. PMID: 9801357, PMCID: PMC6792887, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-22-09171.1998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBag cell neuronsCell neuronsAction potentialsCalcium entryUse-dependent inactivationExpression of Kv3.1Kv3.1 potassium channelPeptidergic bag cell neuronsControl neuronsSpontaneous firingBrief synaptic stimulationCalcium currentNeuronal excitabilityIntracellular calciumCalcium influxSynaptic stimulationDepolarizing afterpotentialsBAPTA-AMAfterpotentialsNeuronsPotassium channelsClusters of cellsKv3.1InductionPhysiological roleDepolarization Selectively Increases the Expression of the Kv3.1 Potassium Channel in Developing Inferior Colliculus Neurons
Liu S, Kaczmarek L. Depolarization Selectively Increases the Expression of the Kv3.1 Potassium Channel in Developing Inferior Colliculus Neurons. Journal Of Neuroscience 1998, 18: 8758-8769. PMID: 9786983, PMCID: PMC6793528, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-21-08758.1998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCalciumGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalIn Vitro TechniquesInferior ColliculiMembrane PotentialsNeuropeptidesPatch-Clamp TechniquesPotassiumPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRNA, MessengerShaw Potassium ChannelsConceptsInferior colliculus neuronsOnset of hearingColliculus neuronsCalcium influxChannel subunitsPotassium currentAction potentialsElevated external potassium concentrationCalcium channel blockersDepolarization-induced increaseSpontaneous neuronal activityNoninactivating potassium currentKv3.1 potassium channelVoltage-clamp experimentsChannel blockersNeuronal excitabilityElevated potassiumAuditory neuronsNeuronal activityExternal potassium concentrationExternal potassium ionsNeuronsPotassium channelsMRNA levelsMarked increaseWhen, where, and how much? Expression of the Kv3.1 potassium channel in high‐frequency firing neurons
Gan L, Kaczmarek L. When, where, and how much? Expression of the Kv3.1 potassium channel in high‐frequency firing neurons. Developmental Neurobiology 1998, 37: 69-79. PMID: 9777733, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(199810)37:1<69::aid-neu6>3.0.co;2-6.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsAuditory brain stem neuronsVoltage-dependent potassium currentsBrain stem neuronsHigh-frequency firing neuronsKv3.1 potassium channelStem neuronsKv3.1 potassium channel geneLong-term regulationSynaptic inputsPotassium currentPotassium channel genesNeuronsPotassium channelsKv3.1 geneKv3.1 subunitsFiring neuronsHigh frequencyChannel genesCurrent knowledgeChannels altersTranscriptional mechanismsCell-type specificityExpressionGene transcriptionExtrinsic factorsThe Expression of Two Splice Variants of the Kv3.1 Potassium Channel Gene Is Regulated by Different Signaling Pathways
Liu S, Kaczmarek L. The Expression of Two Splice Variants of the Kv3.1 Potassium Channel Gene Is Regulated by Different Signaling Pathways. Journal Of Neuroscience 1998, 18: 2881-2890. PMID: 9526005, PMCID: PMC6792597, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-08-02881.1998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlternative SplicingAnimalsCerebellumFibroblast Growth FactorsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMembrane PotentialsNerve Growth FactorsNeuropeptidesPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedProtein Kinase CRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRNA, MessengerSecond Messenger SystemsShaw Potassium ChannelsSignal TransductionTranscription, GeneticConceptsDifferent signaling pathwaysKv3.1 potassium channel genePotassium channel genesBasic fibroblast growth factorChannel genesSignaling pathwaysNuclear protein kinase C activityMRNA levelsDifferent channel proteinsProtein kinase C inhibitorProtein kinase C activityKinase C inhibitorKinase C activityAlternative splicingNuclear RNAChannel proteinsMolecular mechanismsFibroblast growth factorDifferential regulationDevelopmental stagesSplice variantsC inhibitorPKC activityC activityGenesActivation of Kv3.1 channels in neuronal spine-like structures may induce local potassium ion depletion
Wang L, Gan L, Perney T, Schwartz I, Kaczmarek L. Activation of Kv3.1 channels in neuronal spine-like structures may induce local potassium ion depletion. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1998, 95: 1882-1887. PMID: 9465111, PMCID: PMC19207, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1882.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpine-like structuresIon channelsMembrane structureMembrane compartmentsVesicle compartmentKv3.1 channelsBulk cytoplasmElectron immunomicroscopyCHO cellsPostsynaptic membraneVesiclesMembrane patchesSpine-like protrusionsNeuronal membrane structurePotassium channel Kv3.1Channel Kv3.1CellsComplete inactivationInactivationCompartmentsRapid depletionCentral nervous systemSlow refillingSynaptic stimulationNeuronal structures
1997
Properties and regulation of the minK potassium channel protein
Kaczmarek L, Blumenthal E. Properties and regulation of the minK potassium channel protein. Physiological Reviews 1997, 77: 627-641. PMID: 9234960, DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1997.77.3.627.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsMinK proteinSingle transmembrane segmentPotassium channel proteinChannel-forming subunitTransmembrane segmentsMink genesChannel proteinsSecond messengerAmino acidsKvLQT1 channelsXenopus oocytesProteinNative currentsEpithelial cellsMinK mRNAIon selectivityVoltage-dependent potassium currentsResultant channelPotassium currentStrong candidateCellsGenesSubunitsVestibular organsMessenger
1996
Cloning and Characterization of the Promoter for a Potassium Channel Expressed in High Frequency Firing Neurons (∗)
Gan L, Perney T, Kaczmarek L. Cloning and Characterization of the Promoter for a Potassium Channel Expressed in High Frequency Firing Neurons (∗). Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1996, 271: 5859-5865. PMID: 8621457, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.10.5859.Peer-Reviewed Original Research3T3 Cells8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine MonophosphateAnimalsBase SequenceBinding SitesBucladesineCell DifferentiationChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseCloning, MolecularCyclic AMPDNA PrimersDNA, ComplementaryFibroblastsGene ExpressionGenomic LibraryIonomycinKineticsMiceMolecular Sequence DataNeuronsNeuropeptidesPC12 CellsPlasmidsPodophyllinPodophyllotoxinPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedPromoter Regions, GeneticRatsRecombinant ProteinsRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidRestriction MappingSequence DeletionShaw Potassium ChannelsTransfection