Association between Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 Inorganic Chemical Compositions and Cardiopulmonary Mortality: A 22-Year Cohort Study in Northern China
Sun H, Chen X, Huang W, Wei J, Yang X, Shan A, Zhang L, Zhang H, He J, Pan C, Li J, Wu J, Wang T, Chen J, Guo Y, Tong S, Dong G, Tang N. Association between Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 Inorganic Chemical Compositions and Cardiopulmonary Mortality: A 22-Year Cohort Study in Northern China. Environment & Health 2024 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNonmalignant respiratory diseasesNonaccidental causesCardiorespiratory mortalityCardiopulmonary mortalityCardiovascular diseaseInorganic chemical compositionCohort studyInterquartile rangeTime-varying Cox proportional hazards modelsLow educational levelRespiratory diseaseProspective cohort studyCox proportional hazards modelsIncreased cardiopulmonary mortalityProportional hazards modelAssociated with mortalityPremature mortalityLong-term exposure to high levelsStratified analysisEducation levelVulnerable subpopulationsHigher pollutant concentrationsHigher incomeExposure to high levelsSignificant air pollution