2011
Intracellular energy status regulates activity in hypocretin/orexin neurones: a link between energy and behavioural states
Liu Z, Gan G, Suyama S, Gao X. Intracellular energy status regulates activity in hypocretin/orexin neurones: a link between energy and behavioural states. The Journal Of Physiology 2011, 589: 4157-4166. PMID: 21727218, PMCID: PMC3180576, DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.212514.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAnimalsIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexinsPatch-Clamp Techniques
2010
Direct Evidence for Wake-Related Increases and Sleep-Related Decreases in Synaptic Strength in Rodent Cortex
Liu ZW, Faraguna U, Cirelli C, Tononi G, Gao XB. Direct Evidence for Wake-Related Increases and Sleep-Related Decreases in Synaptic Strength in Rodent Cortex. Journal Of Neuroscience 2010, 30: 8671-8675. PMID: 20573912, PMCID: PMC2903226, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1409-10.2010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMiniature EPSCsAmplitude of mEPSCsFrontal cortex slicesNet synaptic potentiationCerebral cortexCortex slicesLarge brain areasSynaptic potentiationSynaptic currentsBrain areasRodent cortexStrong synapsesRecovery sleepSynaptic homeostasisSynaptic strengthSleepCortexSynapsesEPSCsTime of dayRatsPotentiationMiceDirect evidence
2005
Input organization and plasticity of hypocretin neurons Possible clues to obesity’s association with insomnia
Horvath TL, Gao XB. Input organization and plasticity of hypocretin neurons Possible clues to obesity’s association with insomnia. Cell Metabolism 2005, 1: 279-286. PMID: 16054072, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2005.03.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypocretin neuronsSynaptic currentsHypothalamic hypocretin neuronsMore excitatory synapsesOvernight food deprivationElevated food intakeExcitatory synaptic currentsControl of arousalCause of narcolepsyStress-induced plasticityHypocretin levelsLeptin administrationHypocretin cellsHypocretin signalingMetabolic disturbancesObesity associationSynaptic organizationExcitatory synapsesFood intakeInhibitory inputsCell bodiesUnderlying causeNeuronsInput organizationFood deprivation
2002
Melanin‐concentrating hormone depresses L‐, N‐, and P/Q‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels in rat lateral hypothalamic neurons
Gao X, van den Pol A. Melanin‐concentrating hormone depresses L‐, N‐, and P/Q‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels in rat lateral hypothalamic neurons. The Journal Of Physiology 2002, 542: 273-286. PMID: 12096069, PMCID: PMC2290404, DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.019372.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCalcium Channel BlockersCalcium Channels, L-TypeCalcium Channels, N-TypeCalcium Channels, P-TypeCells, CulturedFemaleGTP-Binding ProteinsHypothalamic HormonesHypothalamusImage Processing, Computer-AssistedIn Vitro TechniquesMelaninsMembrane PotentialsNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPituitary HormonesPregnancyRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySignal TransductionConceptsMelanin-concentrating hormoneLH neuronsCalcium currentNon-neuronal cellsHighest MCh concentrationMCH concentrationPertussis toxinCalcium channelsActions of MCHPTX-sensitive G protein pathwayRat lateral hypothalamic neuronsQ-type voltage-dependent calcium channelsVoltage-dependent calcium currentsQ-type calcium channelsVoltage-dependent calcium channelsInhibitory effectLateral hypothalamic neuronsLateral hypothalamic areaN-type currentWhole-cell recordingsVoltage-activated currentsG proteinsN-type channelsExcitatory actionHypothalamic areaHypocretin (orexin) enhances neuron activity and cell synchrony in developing mouse GFP‐expressing locus coeruleus
van den Pol A, Ghosh PK, Liu R, Li Y, Aghajanian GK, Gao X. Hypocretin (orexin) enhances neuron activity and cell synchrony in developing mouse GFP‐expressing locus coeruleus. The Journal Of Physiology 2002, 541: 169-185. PMID: 12015428, PMCID: PMC2290314, DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.017426.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedDose-Response Relationship, DrugElectrophysiologyFemaleGreen Fluorescent ProteinsImmunohistochemistryIn Vitro TechniquesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLocus CoeruleusLuminescent ProteinsMembrane PotentialsMiceMice, TransgenicMicroscopy, ConfocalNeuronsNeuropeptidesNeurotransmitter AgentsOrexinsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPregnancyTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseConceptsLocus coeruleusHypocretin-1Mouse prion promoterGlutamate receptor antagonistsPresence of TTXImmunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylaseRat locus coeruleusNeonatal mouse brainPostnatal day 0Higher brain centersNew transgenic mouseSingle-unit recordingsInward cation currentMembrane potentialDual cell recordingsImproved cognitive performanceNoradrenergic neuronsLC neuronsHypocretin neuronsImmature neuronsPrion promoterReceptor antagonistMouse slicesTyrosine hydroxylaseExcitatory mechanisms
2001
Membrane Properties Underlying Patterns of GABA-Dependent Action Potentials in Developing Mouse Hypothalamic Neurons
Wang Y, Gao X, van den Pol A. Membrane Properties Underlying Patterns of GABA-Dependent Action Potentials in Developing Mouse Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2001, 86: 1252-1265. PMID: 11535674, DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypothalamic neuronsAction potentialsMouse hypothalamusMultiple spikesSpike thresholdFrequency of GABAMediobasal hypothalamic neuronsProbability of GABAGlutamate receptor antagonistsConventional whole cellMouse hypothalamic neuronsMultiple action potentialsPostnatal day 2Intrinsic membrane propertiesMean reversal potentialIonotropic glutamate receptorsSimilar spike patternsPeaks of depolarizationGABA excitationMembrane potentialReceptor antagonistSpike patternsExcitatory activityGlutamate receptorsSynaptic transmissionMelanin concentrating hormone depresses synaptic activity of glutamate and GABA neurons from rat lateral hypothalamus
Gao X, van den Pol A. Melanin concentrating hormone depresses synaptic activity of glutamate and GABA neurons from rat lateral hypothalamus. The Journal Of Physiology 2001, 533: 237-252. PMID: 11351031, PMCID: PMC2278620, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0237b.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAction PotentialsAnimalsBicucullineCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedElectric ConductivityExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsFemaleFetusGABA AntagonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamic AcidGTP-Binding ProteinsHypothalamic Area, LateralHypothalamic HormonesIn Vitro TechniquesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMelaninsNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexin ReceptorsOrexinsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPituitary HormonesPotassiumPregnancyRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, GlutamateReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledReceptors, NeuropeptideSodiumSynaptic TransmissionTetrodotoxinConceptsSynaptic activityLH neuronsAction potentialsPotassium channelsActions of MCHInhibitory synaptic eventsGABAB receptor agonistAmino acid transmittersLateral hypothalamic areaCalcium-dependent releasePresence of tetrodotoxinRat lateral hypothalamusEffect of MCHFast synaptic activityGlutamate-evoked currentsWhole-cell recordingsPostsynaptic glutamate receptorsNon-neuronal cellsMiniature excitatory currentsVoltage-dependent potassium channelsNeuropeptide melaninGABA neuronsVoltage-clamp experimentsExcitatory actionLH actionGABA, Not Glutamate, a Primary Transmitter Driving Action Potentials in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons
Gao X, Van Den Pol A. GABA, Not Glutamate, a Primary Transmitter Driving Action Potentials in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2001, 85: 425-434. PMID: 11152743, DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.425.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAnimalsBicucullineCells, CulturedChloridesExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsGABA-A Receptor AntagonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamic AcidGramicidinHypothalamusImmunohistochemistryIn Vitro TechniquesMiceNeuronsNeurotransmitter AgentsPatch-Clamp TechniquesReceptors, GlutamateSpinal CordConceptsHypothalamic neuronsReceptor antagonist bicucullinePrimary inhibitory neurotransmitterMouse hypothalamic neuronsPrimary excitatory transmitterAntagonist bicucullineExcitatory transmitterGABA circuitsGlutamate transmissionInhibitory neurotransmitterMature brainBrain slicesSynaptic releaseNeuronal activitySpike activityNeuronal connectionsSpike frequencyExtracellular recordingsAction potentialsAntagonist 2Brain developmentHebbian mechanismsIntracellular ClNeuronsGABA
1999
Kainate Acts at Presynaptic Receptors to Increase GABA Release From Hypothalamic Neurons
Liu Q, Patrylo P, Gao X, van den Pol A. Kainate Acts at Presynaptic Receptors to Increase GABA Release From Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 1999, 82: 1059-1062. PMID: 10444697, DOI: 10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.1059.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeurotrophin‐3 potentiates excitatory GABAergic synaptic transmission in cultured developing hypothalamic neurones of the rat
Gao X, van den Pol A. Neurotrophin‐3 potentiates excitatory GABAergic synaptic transmission in cultured developing hypothalamic neurones of the rat. The Journal Of Physiology 1999, 518: 81-95. PMID: 10373691, PMCID: PMC2269394, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0081r.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAnimalsCalciumCarbazolesCells, CulturedElectric StimulationEnzyme InhibitorsExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidHypothalamusIndole AlkaloidsMembrane PotentialsNeuronsNeurotrophin 3Patch-Clamp TechniquesProtein-Tyrosine KinasesRatsSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionTetrodotoxinConceptsSpontaneous postsynaptic currentsFrequency of GABANT-3 effectsNeurotrophin-3Postsynaptic currentsHypothalamic neuronesMature neuronesWhole-cell patch-clamp recordingsMiniature post-synaptic currentsGABAergic synaptic transmissionMiniature postsynaptic currentsDose-dependent potentiationPresence of tetrodotoxinAction potential frequencyPeripheral nervous systemPatch-clamp recordingsTyrosine kinase inhibitorsMean amplitudePost-synaptic currentsNon-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitorRat hypothalamic neuronesGABA excitationGABA releaseGABAergic synapsesPresynaptic locus
1998
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in Developing Neurons
van den Pol A, Gao X, Patrylo P, Ghosh P, Obrietan K. Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in Developing Neurons. Journal Of Neuroscience 1998, 18: 10749-10761. PMID: 9852609, PMCID: PMC6793361, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-24-10749.1998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCalciumCells, CulturedCerebral CortexEmbryo, MammalianExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsGABA AntagonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGene ExpressionGlutamic AcidGramicidinHypothalamusIn Vitro TechniquesNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPresynaptic TerminalsPropionatesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Metabotropic GlutamateSpinal CordConceptsGroup III mGluRsExcitatory actionGABA activityGroup II metabotropic glutamate receptorsFura-2 digital imagingSynapse formationBrain developmentInhibitory roleAgonist L-AP4Excitatory GABA actionsGlutamate-mediated inhibitionMetabotropic glutamate receptorsSpinal cord neuronsMajor inhibitory neurotransmitterWhole-cell recordingsSimilar inhibitory actionBrain GABAEarly brain developmentExcitatory roleGABA releaseL-AP4Excitatory transmitterGABA actionHypothalamic neuronsCord neuronsPresynaptic and Postsynaptic Actions and Modulation of Neuroendocrine Neurons by a New Hypothalamic Peptide, Hypocretin/Orexin
van den Pol A, Gao X, Obrietan K, Kilduff T, Belousov A. Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Actions and Modulation of Neuroendocrine Neurons by a New Hypothalamic Peptide, Hypocretin/Orexin. Journal Of Neuroscience 1998, 18: 7962-7971. PMID: 9742163, PMCID: PMC6793026, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-19-07962.1998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsArcuate Nucleus of HypothalamusCadmiumCalciumCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedDose-Response Relationship, DrugElectric StimulationEnzyme InhibitorsEvoked PotentialsFeeding BehaviorFluorescent DyesFura-2Gamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamic AcidIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMembrane PotentialsMolecular Sequence DataNeuronsNeuropeptidesNeurosecretory SystemsNeurotransmitter AgentsOrexinsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPresynaptic TerminalsSignal TransductionTetrodotoxinThapsigarginConceptsLateral hypothalamusSynaptic activityNeuroendocrine neuronsWhole-cell patch-clamp recordingsNew hypothalamic peptidesLateral hypothalamic neuronsAmino acid transmittersHypothalamic regulatory systemPatch-clamp recordingsHypocretin/orexinPerifornical areaPostsynaptic actionsOrexigenic peptideHypocretin-1Hypothalamic circuitsHypocretin peptidesHypothalamic neuronsHypothalamic slicesArcuate nucleusHypocretin-2Postsynaptic receptorsAxonal inputsHypothalamic peptidesFeeding centerAxon terminalsGABA-Dependent Firing of Glutamate-Evoked Action Potentials at AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons
Gao X, Chen G, van den Pol A. GABA-Dependent Firing of Glutamate-Evoked Action Potentials at AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 1998, 79: 716-726. PMID: 9463435, DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.716.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGamma-aminobutyric acidAction potentialsHypothalamic neuronsAMPA/kainate receptorsN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsGlutamate-mediated excitationAdult mammalian CNSFire action potentialsMajor inhibitory roleExcitatory functionGlutamate responseGlutamate receptorsKainate receptorsMammalian CNSMaximal effectSlight temporal delayNeuronal circuitsInhibitory roleNeuronsReceptorsBroad time windowDepolarizationGlutamatePresent studySimilar results