High HIV Incidence among Persons Who Inject Drugs in Pakistan: Greater Risk with Needle Sharing and Injecting Frequently among the Homeless
Samo RN, Altaf A, Agha A, Pasha O, Rozi S, Memon A, Azam S, Blevins M, Vermund SH, Shah SA. High HIV Incidence among Persons Who Inject Drugs in Pakistan: Greater Risk with Needle Sharing and Injecting Frequently among the Homeless. PLOS ONE 2013, 8: e81715. PMID: 24358123, PMCID: PMC3864804, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081715.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIncidence of HIVHIV seroconversionIncidence rateMultivariable Cox regression analysisNeedle/syringe exchangeCohort of PWIDHIV-seronegative personsHigh HIV incidenceOpiate substitution therapyCox regression analysisHIV incidence ratesHIV risk reductionSharing of syringesRisk reductionSubstance abuse treatmentSeronegative personsCohort studyRisk reduction programsHIV incidencePerson yearsSubstitution therapyDaily injectionsNeedle sharingRisk factorsPrevalence rates