1988
Tourette's Syndrome: Clinical and Neurochemical Correlates
RIDDLE M, LECKMAN J, ANDERSON G, ORT S, HARDIN M, STEVENSON J, COHEN D. Tourette's Syndrome: Clinical and Neurochemical Correlates. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1988, 27: 409-412. PMID: 3182595, DOI: 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette Syndrome Global ScalePHVA levelsTourette syndromeTS patientsLower CSF HVA levelsPlasma homovanillic acid levelsSimple motor ticsHomovanillic acid levelsCSF HVA levelsSignificant inverse correlationHVA levelsMotor restlessnessMotor ticsPretreatment levelsTotal symptomsNeurochemical correlatesTreatment responsePlasma 3Control groupPatientsSyndromeAcid levelsInverse correlationSignificant correlationIndividual items
1986
Rebound Phenomena in Tourette's Syndrome After Abrupt Withdrawal of Clonidine: Behavioral, Cardiovascular, and Neurochemical Effects
Leckman J, Ort S, Caruso K, Anderson G, Riddle M, Cohen D. Rebound Phenomena in Tourette's Syndrome After Abrupt Withdrawal of Clonidine: Behavioral, Cardiovascular, and Neurochemical Effects. JAMA Psychiatry 1986, 43: 1168-1176. PMID: 3465278, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeNeurochemical effectsAbrupt withdrawalWorsening of ticsClonidine therapyClonidine withdrawalClonidine's effectivenessAdrenergic mechanismsBlood pressureOpen trialTic symptomsUrinary excretionPlasma levelsMotor restlessnessHomovanillic acidClonidine hydrochlorideSyndromeWithdrawal periodPrewithdrawal levelsRebound phenomenonPatientsPulse rateClonidineWithdrawalNorepinephrine