2000
Toward a Developmental Operational Definition of Autism
Gillham J, Carter A, Volkmar F, Sparrow S. Toward a Developmental Operational Definition of Autism. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders 2000, 30: 269-278. PMID: 11039854, DOI: 10.1023/a:1005571115268.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMental ageSocialization scoresChronological ageDevelopmental disordersVineland Adaptive Behavior ScalesLarge normative sampleDaily living skillsAdaptive behavior scoresTraditional diagnostic schemeDiagnosis of autismAdaptive Behavior ScalesAutism groupIntellectual functioningNormative sampleMaladaptive behaviorsChild communicationVineland scoresDevelopmental levelBasis of socializationSerious maladaptive behaviorsLiving skillsStandardized measuresAutismBehavior ScaleAdaptive behavior
1998
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Supplementary Norms for Individuals with Autism
Carter A, Volkmar F, Sparrow S, Wang J, Lord C, Dawson G, Fombonne E, Loveland K, Mesibov G, Schopler E. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Supplementary Norms for Individuals with Autism. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders 1998, 28: 287-302. PMID: 9711485, DOI: 10.1023/a:1026056518470.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsActivities of Daily LivingAdaptation, PsychologicalAdolescentAdultAnalysis of VarianceAutistic DisorderChildChild DevelopmentChild, PreschoolChi-Square DistributionCommunication DisordersDisability EvaluationFemaleHumansIntellectual DisabilityMaleMiddle AgedMotor SkillsMutismPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPsychometricsReference ValuesSampling StudiesSocial BehaviorConceptsDaily living skillsMute individualsVerbal individualsVerbal skillsLiving skillsStandard scoresVineland Adaptive Behavior ScalesHigher standard scoresAdaptive Behavior ScalesPopulation normsVineland domainsVerbal childrenAutistic individualsMute childrenBehavior ScaleAutismGroup of individualsCommunication domainYoung childrenRelative weaknessYears of ageSkillsHigher scoresNational normsOlder individuals
1993
Quantifying Social Development in Autism
VOLKMAR F, CARTER A, SPARROW S, CICCHETTI D. Quantifying Social Development in Autism. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1993, 32: 627-632. PMID: 7684364, DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSocial skillsVineland Adaptive Behavior ScalesSocial developmentDaily living skillsAdaptive Behavior ScalesDefinition of autismMental ageNormative sampleAutistic groupLiving skillsBehavior ScaleAutismChronological ageSocial disturbancesSkillsRelevant variablesAutisticPrecise measureMultiple regression equationMeasuresQuantitative measuresChildrenFindingsAgeDevelopment