1999
Role of norepinephrine in the pathophysiology and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Southwick S, Bremner J, Rasmusson A, Morgan C, Arnsten A, Charney D. Role of norepinephrine in the pathophysiology and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry 1999, 46: 1192-1204. PMID: 10560025, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00219-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRole of norepinephrineClinical studiesNorepinephrine's roleTrauma-related alterationsRe-experiencing symptomsFear-provoking stimuliTreatment of PTSDPosttraumatic stress disorderChronic uncontrollable stressPharmacologic treatmentClinical findingsNeuronal reactivityIntrusive memoriesAdrenergic blockersEnhanced encodingSelective attentionPreclinical studiesReceptor sensitivityAversive eventsNorepinephrineTraumatic stressNovel stimuliStress disorderMAO inhibitorsUncontrollable stress
1983
Naloxone augments electrophysiological signs of selective attention in man
Arnsten A, Segal D, Neville H, Hillyard S, Janowsky D, Judd L, Bloom F. Naloxone augments electrophysiological signs of selective attention in man. Nature 1983, 304: 725-727. PMID: 6888538, DOI: 10.1038/304725a0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndogenous opioid systemOpioid systemSelective attentionOpiate antagonist naloxoneSelective information processingNormal human subjectsAntagonist naloxoneOpiate antagonistElectrophysiological signsAuditory attentionOpioid roleElectrophysiological measuresGeneral arousalElectrophysiological evidenceInformation processingBehavioral functionsNaloxoneHuman subjectsSource of stimulusMenPrevious researchArousalAttentionAntagonist