2024
Combined Use of Guanfacine and N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury
Khasnavis S, Belliveau T, Arnsten A, Fesharaki-Zadeh A. Combined Use of Guanfacine and N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Reports 2024, 5: 226-231. PMID: 38524728, PMCID: PMC10960163, DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0124.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTreatment of cognitive deficitsTraumatic brain injuryExecutive functionCognitive deficitsTraumatic brain injury clinicEfficacy of guanfacinePre-frontal cortexBrain injuryTreat traumatic brain injuryBehavioral therapyNeuropsychological testsCognitive symptomsCognitive changesPlacebo-controlled trialProcessing speedGuanfacineCortical functionOpen-label useApproved medicationsPersonsPost-treatmentDeficitsTraumatizationN-acetylcysteineMTBIInhibition of brain glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) to enhance cognitive function
Wiseman R, Bigos K, Arnsten A, Slusher B. Inhibition of brain glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) to enhance cognitive function. Advances In Pharmacology 2024 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2024.10.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchN-acetylaspartyl glutamateGlutamate carboxypeptidase IICognitive deficitsCognitive functionDorsolateral prefrontal cortex of primatesPrefrontal cortex of primatesHigher order cognitive processesDorsolateral prefrontal cortexMetabotropic glutamate receptor 3Inhibition of glutamate carboxypeptidase IIImprove cognitive deficitsEnhance cognitive functionImprove cognitive performanceEnzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase IIGlutamate receptor 3Executive functionCortex of primatesMGlu3 receptorsCarboxypeptidase IICognitive performanceCognitive processesPersistent neuronal firingClinical populationsNeuronal firingClinical workThe circuit mechanisms of working memory: Key roles of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Arnsten A, Martinez-Trujillo J. The circuit mechanisms of working memory: Key roles of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. 2024 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00038-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDorsolateral prefrontal cortexPrefrontal cortexWorking memoryMechanisms of working memorySpatial working memoryPosterior association cortexExecutive functionMediodorsal thalamusSketch padMental representationsAssociation cortexSubcortical connectionsCholinergic neurotransmissionCircuit mechanismsRecurrent excitatory circuitsNMDA receptorsAbstract thoughtPersistent firingPrimate researchCortexDlPFCExcitatory circuitsMemorySensory stimulationAlzheimer's disease
2023
Clinical experience with the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of cognitive deficits in “Long-COVID19”
Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Lowe N, Arnsten A. Clinical experience with the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of cognitive deficits in “Long-COVID19”. Neuroimmunology Reports 2023, 3: 100154. DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2022.100154.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchN-acetylcysteineCognitive deficitsΑ2A-adrenoceptor agonistsPrefrontal cortexCOVID19 infectionPlacebo-controlled trialOpen-label treatmentCommon side effectsExecutive functionPFC connectionsBrain fogAcid blockadeLabel treatmentHypotensive episodesGuanfacine treatmentNMDA receptorsPatient brieflySide effectsClinical experienceGuanfacineCognitive impairmentPatientsPrefrontal connectivityDemonstrate efficacyPrefrontal function