2021
High-Entry Vertebral Artery Variant during Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Moran J, Kahan JB, Schneble CA, Johnson MH, Chan SM, Grauer JN, Rubio DR. High-Entry Vertebral Artery Variant during Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Case Reports In Orthopedics 2021, 2021: 8105298. PMID: 34341694, PMCID: PMC8325584, DOI: 10.1155/2021/8105298.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesAnterior cervical discectomyVertebral arteryCervical discectomyCervical spineTransverse foramenC4-C5 disc herniationIatrogenic vascular injuryRight vertebral arteryAnterior surgical approachSevere canal stenosisProper surgical planningNeural foraminal stenosisCanal stenosisAnterior approachArtery variantForaminal stenosisDisc herniationPreoperative imagingExcellent outcomesSurgical approachVascular injuryCase reportAnatomic variantsRoutine MRITransverse foramina
2015
Comparison of agreement of cervical spine degenerative pathology findings in magnetic resonance imaging studies
Fu MC, Webb ML, Buerba RA, Neway WE, Brown JE, Trivedi M, Lischuk AW, Haims AH, Grauer JN. Comparison of agreement of cervical spine degenerative pathology findings in magnetic resonance imaging studies. The Spine Journal 2015, 16: 42-48. PMID: 26291398, DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.08.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMagnetic resonance imagingCord signal changeMRI findingsIntra-rater agreementInter-rater agreementCervical spineDegenerative findingsCentral stenosisForaminal stenosisCervical spine magnetic resonance imagingCervical magnetic resonance imagingSpine magnetic resonance imagingDisc hydrationCervical MRI findingsCommon degenerative findingsStandardized grading criteriaMagnetic resonance imaging studyManagement of patientsRetrospective diagnostic studyCervical spine conditionsSignificant MRI findingsDisc space heightResonance imaging studyLeast severe gradeOrthopedic spine surgeonsMortality Rates Associated With Odontoid and Subaxial Cervical Spine Fractures.
Miller CP, Golinvaux NS, Brubacher JW, Bohl DD, Deng Y, Grauer JN. Mortality Rates Associated With Odontoid and Subaxial Cervical Spine Fractures. The American Journal Of Orthopedics 2015, 44: e173-9. PMID: 26047001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCervical spine fracturesSpine fracturesSex-matched counterpartsMortality rateSubaxial fracturesGeneral populationSubaxial cervical spine fracturesAge-matched dataAge-matched menNational Death IndexMortality of menRetrospective reviewDeath IndexEmergency departmentCervical spineLevel IDeath recordsElderly personsOlder individualsSurvivalMonthsDevastating consequencesFracturesAgeMen
2011
Neurogenic and Myopathic Deformities of the Cervical Spine
Blizzard D, Hustedt J, Grauer J. Neurogenic and Myopathic Deformities of the Cervical Spine. Seminars In Spine Surgery 2011, 23: 206-209. DOI: 10.1053/j.semss.2011.04.001.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsSurgical interventionCervical spineCommon systemic conditionsSpectrum of etiologiesUnique management challengesReversible causesReversible symptomsNeurologic deficitsSymptomatic controlSymptomatic patientsSystemic treatmentKyphotic deformityClinical presentationProgressive conditionSystemic conditionsTreatment strategiesCommon causeEffective treatmentSpine surgeonsClinical scenariosDeformityPatientsEtiologySpineInterventionThe Incidence of Noncontiguous Spinal Fractures and Other Traumatic Injuries Associated With Cervical Spine Fractures
Miller CP, Brubacher JW, Biswas D, Lawrence BD, Whang PG, Grauer JN. The Incidence of Noncontiguous Spinal Fractures and Other Traumatic Injuries Associated With Cervical Spine Fractures. Spine 2011, 36: 1532-1540. PMID: 21242872, DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181f550a6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCervical spine fracturesSpine fracturesCervical spineCT scanSingle level 1 trauma centerRetrospective medical record reviewLevel 1 trauma centerNoncontiguous spinal fracturesCervical spine traumaMedical record reviewC7 fractureExtraspinal injuriesAcute fracturesPrompt diagnosisSpine traumaRecord reviewTrauma centerSpinal fracturesSpine injuriesInjury patternsAdditional injuriesCervical segmentsSpinal traumaMedical recordsTraumatic injuryOblique radiographs compared favorably with computed tomography images in assessing cervical foraminal area.
Miller CP, Sabino J, Bible JE, Whang PG, Grauer JN. Oblique radiographs compared favorably with computed tomography images in assessing cervical foraminal area. The American Journal Of Orthopedics 2011, 40: 241-5. PMID: 21734932.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOblique radiographsComputed tomographyForaminal dimensionsCT scanFirst-line imaging studyCervical intervertebral foraminaNerve root compressionRoot compressionForaminal areaCervical spineIntervertebral foraminaDiagnostic utilityImaging studiesRadiographsRadiation exposureComputed tomography imagesCross-sectional areaInitial assessmentPearson correlation coefficientC2-C3Tomography imagesScansCT reconstructionPrevious studiesPatency
2010
Soft and Rigid Collars Provide Similar Restriction in Cervical Range of Motion During Fifteen Activities of Daily Living
Miller CP, Bible JE, Jegede KA, Whang PG, Grauer JN. Soft and Rigid Collars Provide Similar Restriction in Cervical Range of Motion During Fifteen Activities of Daily Living. Spine 2010, 35: 1271-1278. PMID: 20512025, DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181c0ddad.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSoft collarRigid collarActive ROMCervical spineCervical motionRigid orthosisCervical collarFunctional ROMDaily livingProspective cohort studyPaucity of dataCohort studyCervical rangePostoperative bracingInternal fixationBACKGROUND DATACertain injuriesSurgical proceduresRigid braceFlexion/extensionADLRelative efficacyFunctional tasksCervical devicesROM measurementsNormal Functional Range of Motion of the Cervical Spine During 15 Activities of Daily Living
Bible JE, Biswas D, Miller CP, Whang PG, Grauer JN. Normal Functional Range of Motion of the Cervical Spine During 15 Activities of Daily Living. Clinical Spine Surgery A Spine Publication 2010, 23: 15-21. PMID: 20051924, DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0b013e3181981632.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsActivities of Daily LivingAdultAgedAnthropometryArthrographyArthrometry, ArticularBiomechanical PhenomenaCervical VertebraeCineradiographyFemaleHead MovementsHumansIntervertebral DiscMaleMiddle AgedMovementNeck MusclesProspective StudiesRange of Motion, ArticularReference ValuesYoung AdultZygapophyseal JointConceptsFull active ROMAsymptomatic subjectsCervical spineCervical ROMActive ROMFunctional ROMDaily livingFlexion/extensionProspective clinical studyLateral bending radiographsNormal cervical rangeDynamic flexion/extensionNormal functional rangeIntraclass correlation coefficientPreoperative impairmentCervical rangePostsurgical outcomesCervical motionClinical studiesBACKGROUND DATASpinal ROMConsecutive daysRadiographic measurementsADLGreater ROM
2009
The Assessment of Cervical Foramina With Oblique Radiographs: The Effect of Film Angle on Foraminal Area
Simpson AK, Sabino J, Whang P, Emerson JW, Grauer JN. The Assessment of Cervical Foramina With Oblique Radiographs: The Effect of Film Angle on Foraminal Area. Clinical Spine Surgery A Spine Publication 2009, 22: 21-25. PMID: 19190430, DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0b013e3181639b62.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsForaminal areaEntire cervical spineCervical spineForaminal dimensionsCervical foraminaCervical radiographsOblique radiographsCervical spine levelsHuman cadaveric cervical spinesCadaveric cervical spine specimensUpper cervical spineCadaveric cervical spinesGood interobserver reliabilityCervical spine specimensRadiographic evaluationC7-T1BACKGROUND DATASpine levelRadiographsInterobserver reliabilityRight sideSpineForamen sizeSpine specimensFreehand method
2008
Postoperative bracing after spine surgery for degenerative conditions: a questionnaire study
Bible JE, Biswas D, Whang PG, Simpson AK, Rechtine GR, Grauer JN. Postoperative bracing after spine surgery for degenerative conditions: a questionnaire study. The Spine Journal 2008, 9: 309-316. PMID: 18790685, DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2008.06.453.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpine surgeonsPostoperative bracingSpinal proceduresSpecific spinal proceduresVariety of orthosesCervical spine proceduresAnterior cervical spineInstrumented lumbar fusionSingle-page questionnaireDuration of treatmentType of orthosisSpecific surgical proceduresQuestionnaire studyInternal fixationLumbar fusionCervical spineSpine surgeryClinical studiesSpine proceduresBracing protocolSurgical proceduresLumbar spineCommon reasonProper indicationsClinical experience
2007
A Quantitative and Reproducible Method to Assess Cord Compression and Canal Stenosis After Cervical Spine Trauma
Furlan JC, Fehlings MG, Massicotte EM, Aarabi B, Vaccaro AR, Bono CM, Madrazo I, Villanueva C, Grauer JN, Mikulis D. A Quantitative and Reproducible Method to Assess Cord Compression and Canal Stenosis After Cervical Spine Trauma. Spine 2007, 32: 2083-2091. PMID: 17762809, DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318145a91c.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute DiseaseAdultAgedCervical VertebraeFemaleHumansImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNorth AmericaObserver VariationPrognosisReproducibility of ResultsSeverity of Illness IndexSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedSpinal Cord CompressionSpinal Cord InjuriesSpinal StenosisTomography, X-Ray ComputedConceptsMaximum spinal cord compressionTraumatic cervical spinal cord injuryCervical spinal cord injuryMaximum canal compromiseSpinal cord injuryInterclass correlation coefficientCord compressionIntrarater reliabilityAcute traumatic cervical spinal cord injuryTraumatic spinal cord injuryCervical spine traumaSpinal cord compressionT1-weighted MRIT2-weighted MR imagesCanal stenosisCanal compromiseSpine traumaPrognostic valueCord injuryRadiologic parametersCervical spineBACKGROUND DATACT scanMidsagittal MRIInterrater ICCThe safety and utility of bone morphogenetic protein in anterior and posterior cervical-spine fusions
Lee R, White A, Grauer J. The safety and utility of bone morphogenetic protein in anterior and posterior cervical-spine fusions. Current Orthopaedic Practice 2007, 18: 270-275. DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e32810c00f6.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsCervical spine surgeryRecombinant human bone morphogenetic proteinHuman bone morphogenetic proteinAnterior cervical spine surgeryAutologous bone graft harvestPosterior cervical spine fusionBone morphogenetic proteinSoft tissue edemaProspective clinical studyCervical spine fusionHigh fusion rateBone graft harvestMorphogenetic proteinsLocal complicationsBone graft alternativesCervical fusionCohort studyBony unionCervical spineClinical studiesSurgical techniqueLumbar spineAppropriate dosePurpose of ReviewInterestLocal swellingUtility of Flexion-Extension Radiographs in Evaluating the Degenerative Cervical Spine
White AP, Biswas D, Smart LR, Haims A, Grauer JN. Utility of Flexion-Extension Radiographs in Evaluating the Degenerative Cervical Spine. Spine 2007, 32: 975-979. PMID: 17450072, DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000261409.45251.a2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFlexion-extension radiographsConsecutive patientsDynamic radiographsLateral radiographsDegenerative cervical conditionsDegenerative cervical spineFlexion-extension lateral radiographsNeutral lateral radiographsPrior cervical surgeryNontrauma populationCervical surgeryMyelopathic symptomsRetrospective cohortCervical fracturesSpine traumaInadequate radiographsInitial imagingPatient chartsPreoperative patientsRheumatoid arthritisCervical conditionsClinical managementCervical spineRecent traumaCongenital anomaliesTHE USE OF RIGID INTERNAL FIXATION IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS
Kwon BK, Vaccaro AR, Grauer JN, Beiner JM. THE USE OF RIGID INTERNAL FIXATION IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS. Neurosurgery 2007, 60: s1-118. PMID: 17204872, DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000249222.57709.59.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRigid internal fixationCervical spineInternal fixationLateral mass screwsCervical spondylosisSurgical managementPedicle screwsAnterior cervical plating systemsAnterior cervical reconstructionRegional anatomyPosterior cervical spineSubaxial cervical spineAdditional posterior fixationInternal fixation techniquesCervical reconstructionAnterior fixationInternal fixation systemPosterior fixationPosterior columnMultilevel fusionSpine surgeonsImmediate stabilityRigid fixationDegenerative disordersFixation techniques
2006
An Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in the Cervical Spine of a 10-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report
Beiner JM, Sastry A, Berchuck M, Grauer JN, Kwon BK, Ratliff JK, Stock GH, Brown AK, Vaccaro AR. An Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in the Cervical Spine of a 10-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report. Spine 2006, 31: e475-e479. PMID: 16778679, DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000222126.91514.cb.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAneurysmal bone cystBone cystCervical spineFourth cervical vertebraSurgical excisionPostlaminectomy kyphosisCervical vertebraeExpansile lytic lesionHigh cervical levelImmature cervical spineInstrumented posterior fusionPediatric age populationGood clinical resultsNeck painPostoperative irradiationCommon complicationLytic lesionsPediatric patientsRadiologic evaluationSurgical treatmentCervical levelPediatric populationPosterior fusionCase reportExcisional biopsyThe Contemporary Treatment of Odontoid Injuries
Maak TG, Grauer JN. The Contemporary Treatment of Odontoid Injuries. Spine 2006, 31: s53-s60. PMID: 16685237, DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000217941.55817.52.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType II fracturesOdontoid fracturesTreatment optionsOptimal treatmentAnterior odontoid fixationNonoperative treatment optionsII fracturesCervical spine fracturesOperative treatment optionsNoncontiguous fracturesOdontoid fixationNeurologic injurySpine fracturesAppropriate imagingCervical spineClinical studiesExternal immobilizationBACKGROUND DATAClinical problemContemporary treatmentInjuryCurrent conceptsPertinent literatureTreatmentType I
2004
Predictors of paralysis in the rheumatoid cervical spine in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty.
Grauer JN, Tingstad EM, Rand N, Christie MJ, Hilibrand AS. Predictors of paralysis in the rheumatoid cervical spine in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery 2004, 86: 1420-4. PMID: 15252088, DOI: 10.2106/00004623-200407000-00009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTotal joint arthroplastyPredictors of paralysisRadiographic evidenceRheumatoid arthritisCervical spineJoint arthroplastyCervical instabilityPosterior atlantodental intervalRheumatoid cervical spinePopulation of patientsExtension lateral radiographsOrthopaedic manifestationsAtlantodental intervalRadiographic findingsRadiographic predictorsSpinal cordRadiographic signsLateral radiographsPatientsArthritisParalysisArthroplastyRadiographsFive-year periodSpineMorphologic Evaluation of Cervical Spine Anatomy with Computed Tomography
Kwon BK, Song F, Morrison WB, Grauer JN, Beiner JM, Vaccaro AR, Hilibrand AS, Albert TJ. Morphologic Evaluation of Cervical Spine Anatomy with Computed Tomography. Clinical Spine Surgery A Spine Publication 2004, 17: 102-107. PMID: 15260091, DOI: 10.1097/00024720-200404000-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAP diameterVertebral bodyLongus coli muscleSmaller AP diameterCervical spine anatomyComputed tomography studyVertebral body widthCervical reconstructionCervical disordersCervical spineAnteroposterior diameterComputed tomographyMedial borderMorphologic evaluationCT scanningAnatomic parametersTomography studyAdjacent endplatesSpine anatomyOsseous detailMalesFemalesAnterior marginPatientsWidespread use
1998
Biomechanics of whiplash injury
Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Grauer JN, Babat LB, Dvorak J, Bär HF. Biomechanics of whiplash injury. Die Orthopädie 1998, 27: 813-819. PMID: 9894235, DOI: 10.1007/pl00003468.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCervical spineHuman cadaveric specimensVertebral arteryWhiplash injuryWhiplash traumaInjury mechanismCadaveric specimensHyper-extension injuryC6-C7 levelEffective injury preventionLower cervical spineUnderlying injury mechanismClinical symptomsTrauma CTVertebral alignmentInjury preventionMRI scansInjuryWhiplashCapsular ligamentsFunctional radiographsSpineTraumaVulnerable phaseArteryHead kinematics during in vitro whiplash simulation
Cholewicki J, Panjabi M, Nibu K, Babat L, Grauer J, Dvorak J. Head kinematics during in vitro whiplash simulation. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1998, 30: 469-479. PMID: 9666243, DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00103-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhiplash traumaPotential neck injurySled accelerationMaximum head rotationHead kinematicsPossible injury mechanismsCervical spineInjury mechanismNeck injuriesHead angular displacementHuman cervical spineHead extensionHead kinematic responsesTraumaTrauma classesWhiplash simulationHead rotationWhiplashLate phaseSurrogate head