2001
Antibodies against neural, nuclear, cytoskeletal, and streptococcal epitopes in children and adults with Tourette’s syndrome, Sydenham’s chorea, and autoimmune disorders
Morshed S, Parveen S, Leckman J, Mercadante M, Kiss M, Miguel E, Arman A, Yazgan Y, Fujii T, Paul S, Peterson B, Zhang H, King R, Scahill L, Lombroso P. Antibodies against neural, nuclear, cytoskeletal, and streptococcal epitopes in children and adults with Tourette’s syndrome, Sydenham’s chorea, and autoimmune disorders. Biological Psychiatry 2001, 50: 566-577. PMID: 11690591, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01096-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTotal antinuclear antibodiesAntinuclear antibodiesAutoimmune disordersTourette syndromeAnticytoskeletal antibodiesAntineural antibodiesStreptococcal infectionT patientsTS patientsBeta-hemolytic streptococcal infectionPrior streptococcal infectionHemolytic streptococcal infectionAntistreptolysin O titerIndirect immunofluorescent assayLevels of immunoreactivityWestern blot techniqueMean rankClinical characteristicsSydenham's choreaO titerPatient groupSC patientsIgG antibodiesIgG classNormal controls
1994
Steroid Hormones and Tourette's Syndrome
PETERSON B, LECKMAN J, SCAHILL L, NAFTOLIN F, KEEFE D, CHAREST N, KING R, HARDIN M, COHEN D. Steroid Hormones and Tourette's Syndrome. Journal Of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994, 14: 131-135. PMID: 8195454, DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199404000-00008.Peer-Reviewed Original Research