2021
Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Biggins SW, Angeli P, Garcia‐Tsao G, Ginès P, Ling SC, Nadim MK, Wong F, Kim WR. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Ascites, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome: 2021 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2021, 74: 1014-1048. PMID: 33942342, DOI: 10.1002/hep.31884.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
2014
Survival in infection‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure is defined by extrahepatic organ failures
Bajaj JS, O'Leary JG, Reddy KR, Wong F, Biggins SW, Patton H, Fallon MB, Garcia‐Tsao G, Maliakkal B, Malik R, Subramanian RM, Thacker LR, Kamath PS, Disease T. Survival in infection‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure is defined by extrahepatic organ failures. Hepatology 2014, 60: 250-256. PMID: 24677131, PMCID: PMC4077926, DOI: 10.1002/hep.27077.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMean arterial pressureLower mean arterial pressureExtrahepatic organ failureChronic liver failureSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisUrinary tract infectionOrgan failureCirrhosis patientsHepatic encephalopathyIndependent predictorsLiver failureSecond infectionEndstage Liver Disease (MELD) scoreHigher white blood countBaseline independent predictorsDevelopment of ACLFNon-SBP infectionsLiver Disease scoreMore organ failuresWhite blood countNorth American ConsortiumDeterminants of survivalRenal replacementTract infectionsArterial pressure
2010
Renal Dysfunction Is the Most Important Independent Predictor of Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients With Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Tandon P, Garcia–Tsao G. Renal Dysfunction Is the Most Important Independent Predictor of Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients With Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2010, 9: 260-265. PMID: 21145427, PMCID: PMC3713475, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.11.038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryBacterial InfectionsFemaleHumansLiver CirrhosisMaleMiddle AgedPeritonitisPrognosisConceptsRenal dysfunctionCirrhotic patientsBacterial peritonitisAscitic fluid cell countHigh-risk patientsMain prognostic factorsNormal renal functionSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisHigh-risk groupImportant independent predictorBlood urea nitrogenGood quality studiesSBP resolutionVasoconstrictor therapyMELD scoreAdult patientsRenal functionIndependent predictorsMedian agePrognostic factorsRisk stratificationCommon infectionsImmunosuppressive factorsPrognostic valuePrognostic studies
2002
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis
Ginès P, Uriz J, Calahorra B, Garcia–Tsao G, Kamath PS, Del Arbol LR, Planas R, Bosch J, Arroyo V, Rodés J, Cirrhosis F. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2002, 123: 1839-1847. PMID: 12454841, DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.37073.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAscitesBacterial InfectionsFemaleGastrointestinal HemorrhageHepatic EncephalopathyHormonesHumansInjections, IntravenousKidneyLiverLiver CirrhosisMaleMiddle AgedParacentesisPeritonitisPortasystemic Shunt, Transjugular IntrahepaticRetreatmentSerum AlbuminSeverity of Illness IndexSurvival AnalysisConceptsTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntRefractory ascitesParacentesis groupLiver transplantationHepatorenal syndromeTIPS groupTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntingBlood urea nitrogen levelsChild-Pugh scoreComplications of cirrhosisIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntRecurrence of ascitesSevere hepatic encephalopathyUrea nitrogen levelsIntravenous albuminPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsHepatic encephalopathyPortosystemic shuntingPortosystemic shuntAscites recurrenceParacentesisHealthcare costsAscitesProbability of survival
2001
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
Wongcharatrawee S, Garcia-Tsao G. CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS. Clinics In Liver Disease 2001, 5: 833-850. PMID: 11565143, DOI: 10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70194-x.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsEffective arterial blood volumeElimination of ascitesTherapy of ascitesPoor prognostic signYear mortality rateDevelopment of ascitesArterial blood volumeQuality of lifeSinusoidal hypertensionLiver transplantationCirrhotic patientsSurvival benefitLethal complicationPathophysiologic abnormalitiesPrognostic signSodium retentionCurrent therapiesAscites formationClinical managementAscitesBlood volumeMortality rateComplicationsTherapyHypertensionCurrent management of the complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Garcia–Tsao G. Current management of the complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology 2001, 120: 726-748. PMID: 11179247, DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.22580.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
2000
Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document
Rimola A, García-Tsao G, Navasa M, Piddock L, Planas R, Bernard B, Inadomi J, Club T. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. Journal Of Hepatology 2000, 32: 142-153. PMID: 10673079, DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80201-9.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
1999
Identifying new risk factors for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: How important is it?
Garcia–Tsao G. Identifying new risk factors for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: How important is it? Gastroenterology 1999, 117: 495-499. PMID: 10419933, DOI: 10.1053/gast.1999.0029900495.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
1998
The diagnostic and predictive value of ascites nitric oxide levels in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Garcia‐Tsao G, Angulo P, Garcia J, Groszmann R, Cadelina G. The diagnostic and predictive value of ascites nitric oxide levels in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 1998, 28: 17-21. PMID: 9657091, DOI: 10.1002/hep.510280104.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisCirrhotic patientsNO levelsSterile ascitesBacterial peritonitisDiagnosis of SBPNitric oxideBaseline NO levelsSerum NO levelsCulture-negative peritonitisSevere liver diseaseNitric oxide metabolitesUseful prognostic markerNitric oxide levelsSignificant direct correlationInitial paracentesisLiver diseaseSerum levelsOxide metabolitesPrognostic markerOxide levelsPeritonitisAscitesAscites samplesPatients
1996
Treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with oral ofloxacin: Inpatient or outpatient therapy?
García-Tsao G. Treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with oral ofloxacin: Inpatient or outpatient therapy? Gastroenterology 1996, 111: 1147-1150. PMID: 8831614, DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(96)70087-2.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1995
Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes is increased in cirrhotic rats with ascites
Garcia-Tsao G, Lee F, Barden G, Cartun R, West A. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes is increased in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Gastroenterology 1995, 108: 1835-1841. PMID: 7768390, DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90147-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMesenteric lymph nodesLymph nodesBacterial translocationCirrhotic ratsPositive mesenteric lymphRegional lymph nodesDevelopment of ascitesE. coli translocationStandard bacteriologic cultureCCl4 inhalationSpontaneous bacteremiaCirrhotic patientsMesenteric lymphSubmucosal edemaPassage of bacteriaRat modelBACKGROUND/Systemic circulationAscitesCecal wallNormal controlsIntestinal lumenCirrhosisSpontaneous infectionBacteriologic culture
1994
Microbiology of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).
García Tsao G. Microbiology of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Revista De Gastroenterología De México 1994, 59: 35-6. PMID: 8091088.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
1992
SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS
Garcia-Tsao G. SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS. Gastroenterology Clinics Of North America 1992, 21: 257-275. PMID: 1568776, DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8553(21)00617-8.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsLiver diseaseLow ascitic fluid protein concentrationIntravenous broad-spectrum antibioticsAscitic fluid protein concentrationEpisode of SBPInfection of ascitesAdvanced liver diseaseThird of patientsBroad-spectrum antibioticsLong-term survivalFluid protein concentrationHepatic reticuloendothelial systemDiagnostic paracentesisSPONTANEOUS BACTERIALAbdominal painProphylactic antibioticsAcute episodeCirrhotic patientsGram-negative enteric bacteriaPeripheral destructionPMN countCompatible symptomsEarly therapyCirrhotic ascitesInfectious source
1989
Improved method for bacteriological diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Bobadilla M, Sifuentes J, Garcia-Tsao G. Improved method for bacteriological diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 1989, 27: 2145-2147. PMID: 2685014, PMCID: PMC266981, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.10.2145-2147.1989.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisBacterial peritonitisPositive ascitic fluid cultureAscitic fluid cultureCirrhotic patientsAscites cultureDefinitive diagnosisFluid cultureCausative organismAscitic fluidBacteriological diagnosisDiagnostic criteriaPeritonitisBlood culture bottlesPatient's bedsideCulture methodPatientsDiagnosisBedside
1985
The diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis: Comparison of pH, lactate concentration and leukocyte count
Garcia‐Tsao G, Conn H, Lerner E. The diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis: Comparison of pH, lactate concentration and leukocyte count. Hepatology 1985, 5: 91-96. PMID: 3967868, DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840050119.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAscitic FluidHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLactatesLeukocyte CountNeutrophilsPeritonitisConceptsPolymorphonuclear cell countAscitic fluid lactateBacterial peritonitisAscitic fluidPeritoneal metastasisAscitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell countLactate gradientLactate concentrationAscitic fluid glucoseDiagnostic cutoff levelUninfected ascitesCirrhotic patientsLiver involvementTuberculous peritonitisConsecutive patientsPMN countArterial lactateLeukocyte countArterial bloodCutoff levelCell countFluid glucosePeritonitisPatientsDiagnostic accuracy